CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is the accepted skills training
programmed which forms parts of the approved minimum academic standard in the
various degree programme for all the Nigerian University and polytechnic. It is an effort
to bridge the gap existing between theory and practical of engineering and technology
science, agriculture, medical, management and other professional educational
programme. In the Nigeria tertiary institutions it is aimed at exposing students to
machines and equipments, professional work methods and ways of safe guarding the
work areas and workers in industries and other organizations. The minimum duration for
the SIWES should normally be 16 weeks except for engineering and technology
programme where the programme, involving the students, the polytechnic and the
industries (employer of students). It is founded by the federal government of Nigeria and
jointly coordinates by industrial training fund (I.T.F) and the National Universities
Commission (NUC).

1.2 BACKGROUND OF SIWES

The 1988 SIWES/ITF national conference, Jos, mandate all collaborating agency (NUC,
NBTE and JCCE) to draw up job specification for all degree programme include the
students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES). The job specification would guide
the industrialist and institutional supervisor in the placements of the students such that
they would meet the expected requirement of minimum industrial exposure.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF SIWES

Specially, the objectives of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme are to:
i. Provide an avenue for students in the Nigeria Universities to acquire industrial
skills and experience in their course of study.
ii. Prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.
iii. Expose student to work methods techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not be available in the universities.
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1.4 HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
The Seventh Day Adventist is located along Lagere Express Road, Idi-omo, Ile-Ife, Osun
State. It was established by the Seventh Day Adventist Missionaries in the year 1940 in
response to the need of medical center. There are different types of department in the
Hospital, we have:
1. Surgical ward
2. Clinical Ward
3. GOPD
4. Lifestyle Medical Center
5. Emergency Center
6. Causality

1.5 HISTORY OF LIFESTYLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT

Lifestyle Medical Department of Seventh Day Adventist Hospital was established on
June 2011. Lifestyle Medical Department was established to reduce disease risk and
illness burden by utilizing lifestyle interventions such as nutrition, physical activity,
stress reduction, rest, smoking and avoidance of alcohol abuse. The program was initiated
by VOIJECH LIGERIZA from Czech Republic. The measure include of use of the
eight laws of health which is called NEW START (Nutrition, Exercise, sunlight,
Temperature, Air, Rest and Trust in God).
The Lifestyle Medical Department is in four groups namely:
1. Dietetics Kitchen (Lifestyle Kitchen)
2. Lifestyle treatment room
3. Bakery
4. Hospital Kitchen (Main Kitchen)

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1.6 ORIENTATION

1. Lifestyle treatment room.

2. Lifestyle kitchen
3. Bakery
4. The farm.
5. The Six different wards.
6. The mortuary
7. The Autoclave
8. The Xray unit.
9. The outpatient Department
10. The workshop.

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE STUDENTS

i. Punctuality must be observed diligently.
ii. All students must dress well and responsibly.
iii. A good attitude to work must be maintained at all times.
iv. The students must take permission if there is a need to be absent.
v. All students must get to the lecture room on time, lateness will not be
condoned.
vi. Humility must be observed to all those who are at one post or the other at the
hospital.
vii. Whatever any student is told to do, he / she must do so without grumbling.
viii. The students must be cheerful at all times around the patients.
ix. The students must be willing to work together with team spirit.

1.6.1 LIFESTYLE TREATMENT ROOM

The lifestyle treatment room is where all major treatment for the lifestyle patients are
carried out, these treatments are carried out using natural remedies and techniques, i.e

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 no use of drugs or injections is needed in lifestyle treatment. Some of the materials in
the treatment room include;
1. Massaging Bed.
2. Steam Rehalation Bag.
3. Bath tub.
4. Colon cleansing Bed
5. Pipes.
6. Gloves.
7. Menthylated spirit.
8. Cotton wool.

1.6.2 EXPERIENCES IN TREATMENT ROOM

The treatment room was really educative; I learnt so many things but to mention a few.
For the first time, I was assigned to manage a patient; I took his medical history, made an
accurate record. That was an amazing experience, some of the procedures we were
exposed to are:
1. Colon cleansing
2. Steam rehalation
3. Massaging
4. Body Mass Index Measurement
5. Blood pressure measurement.
1.7 COLON CLEANSING
Colon cleansing is a therapeutic procedure that is done to get rid of excess waste in the
colon (Large intestine). This waste if left untouched could damage the health in numerous
ways. In the next section, I’ll discuss the health benefits of colon cleansing. There are
many steps involved in carrying out colon cleansing, they include;
1. Setting up the bed / table
2. Obtaining the hose for waste disposal medium
3. Obtaining and wearing the gloves

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4. Obtaining and wearing of the face mask.
5. Lubricating the hose with gel to enable easy penetration to the anus of the patient.
6. Putting the patient to a lying position.
7. Engaging.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF COLON CLEANSING

1. To ease indigestion
2. Colon cleansing helps relieve constipation.
3. Colon cleansing helps rid the body of excess waste in the Large intestine
4. Colon cleansing reduce toxicity in the colon
5. In some ways, colon cleansing reduces the risks of obesity.
6. Colon cleansing reduces the risks of coronary heart diseases.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
As the name implies, activated charcoal is a special form of charcoal, it is different from
the charcoal derived from burning just any type of wood/tree. Activated charcoal is a
specific purpose charcoal derived from burning woods from trees with edible fruits, the
ground is dug, the woods are placed in the dug hole, while burning, the hole is filled up
with sand , this enables the activation process of the charcoal, thereby rendering it
activated, with many specific properties.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

1. Activated charcoal serves as a detoxifying agent in the body.
2. It absorbs toxins and free radicals in the body,
3. It helps relieve pains inside the human body
4. It relieves aches and sores in the human body.
7. In stings or bites, activated charcoal is an efficient detoxifier.

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THE LIFESTYLE KITCHEN
The lifestyle kitchen is an important section of the lifestyle Medicine centre, this is where
all the therapeutic diet for the patient is being prepared, However, it is important to note
some certain factors, the factors are aimed at preparing a diet that wont further complicate
the health condition, but rather help inhibit the illness.
EXPERIENCES IN THE LIFESTYLE KITCHEN
A whole lot of things were learnt in the lifestyle kitchen, I learnt how to prepare many
therapeutic diets , and also the factors , steps and precautions to follow in preparing them.
The following are some major factors considered in preparation of diets in the lifestyle
kitchen:
 The use of MSG (maggi) is totally prohibited; this is because it contains
monosodium glutamate which is a major causative factor of cancer.
 The use of salt is reduced to the barest minimum; this is to reduce the risk of
Hypertension and other health complications resulting from consuming much salt.
 The kitchen environment is kept clean and tidy always, to prevent food
contamination.
 The cooking utensils are made of chemical free materials. This promotes optimum
health.
 Fruits and vegetables for salads and juices are always washed in salt water before
chopping or blending them for consumption.
 All diets are cooked properly with the right cooking method and temperature.

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 CMD

DIRECTOR OF ADMIN/HOSPITAL

NURSING
MEDICINE
ENT PHARMACY
AUDIT ACCOUNTANT

GOPD
BAKERY
MAINTENANCE
RADIOLOGY

PAEDIATRICS

LIFE STYLE MEDICINE CENTER PHYSIOTHERAPY

ELECTRICAL CARPENTARY TRANSPORTAION AUTOMOBILE BUIDING

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 THERAPEUTIC DIETS
A therapeutic diet is a meal plan that controls the intake of certain foods or nutrients. It is
part of the treatment of a medical condition and are normally prescribed by a physician
and planned by a dietician. A therapeutic diet is usually a modification of a regular diet. It
is modified or tailored to fit the nutrition needs of a particular person.
Therapeutic diets are modified for
(1) Nutrients, (2) texture, and/or (3) food allergies or food intolerances.
Common reasons therapeutic diets may be ordered:
 To maintain nutritional status
 To restore nutritional status
 To correct nutritional status
 To decrease calories for weight control
 To provide extra calories for weight gain
 To balance amounts of carbohydrates, fat and protein for control of diabetes
 To provide a greater amount of a nutrient such as protein
 To decrease the amount of a nutrient such as sodium
 To exclude foods due to allergies or food intolerance
 To provide texture modifications due to problems with chewing and/or
swallowing

Common therapeutic diets include:

1. Nutrient modifications
 No concentrated sweets diet
 Diabetic diets
 No added salt diet
 Low sodium diet
 Low fat diet and/or low cholesterol diet

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  High fiber diet
 Renal diet
2. Texture modification
 Mechanical soft diet
 Puree diet
3. Food allergy or food intolerance modification
 Food allergy
 Food intolerance
4. Tube feedings
Liquid tube feedings in place of meals
Liquid tube feedings in addition to meals
5. Additional feedings– In addition to meal, extra nutrition may be ordered as:
Supplements – usually ordered as liquid nutritional shakes once, twice or three times
per day; given either with meals or between meals
Nourishments – ordered as a snack food or beverage items to be given between meals
mid-morning and/or mid-afternoon
HS snack – ordered as a snack food or beverage items to be given at the hour of
sleep.
The following list includes brief descriptions of common therapeutic diets: Clear
liquid diet –
 Includes minimum residue fluids that can be seen through., Examples are
juices without pulp, broth, and Jell-O.
 Is often used as the first step to restarting oral feeding after surgery or an
abdominal procedure
 Can also be used for fluid and electrolyte replacement in people with severe
diarrhea
 Should not be used for an extended period as it does not provide enough
calories and nutrients

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 Full liquid diet Includes fluids that are creamy.
Some examples of food allowed are ice cream, pudding, thinned hot cereal, custard,
strained cream soups, and juices with pulp.
Used as the second step to restarting oral feeding once clear liquids are tolerated.
Used for people who cannot tolerate a mechanical soft diet
Should not be used for extended periods
No Concentrated Sweets (NCS) diet – Is considered a liberalized diet for diabetics
when their weight and blood sugar levels are under control
It includes regular foods without the addition of sugar.
Calories are not counted as in ADA calorie controlled diets. Diabetic or calorie controlled
diet (ADA), these diets control calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fat intake in balanced
amounts to meet nutritional needs, control blood sugar levels, and control weight. Portion
control is used at mealtimes as outlined in the ADA “Exchange List for Meal Planning.”

MOST COMMONLY USED CALORIE LEVELS ARE: 1,200, 1,500, 1,800 and
2,000.No Added Salt (NAS) diet – •Is a regular diet with no salt packet on the tray.
Food is seasoned as regular food. Low Sodium (LS) diet, may also be called a 2 gram
Sodium Diet. •Limits salt and salty foods such as bacon, sausage, cured meats, canned
soups, salty seasonings, pickled foods, salted crackers, etc. Is used for people who may
be “holding water” (edema) or who have high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease,
or first stages of kidney disease.
LOW FAT/LOW CHOLESTEROL DIET – Is used to reduce fat levels and/or treat
medical conditions that interfere with how the body uses fat such as diseases of the liver,
gallbladder, or pancreas. Limits fat to 50 grams or no more than 30% calories derived
from fat. Is low in total fat and saturated fats and contains approximately 250-300 mg
cholesterol.
HIGH FIBER DIET – Is prescribed in the prevention or treatment of a number of
gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.

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Increased fiber should come from a variety of sources including fruits, legumes,
vegetables, whole breads, and cereals.
2.1 PEPTIC ULCERS
Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or
small intestine. They’re usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria
H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids. Peptic ulcers are a fairly common
health problem.
There are three types of peptic ulcers:
 gastric ulcers: ulcers that develop inside the stomach
 esophageal ulcers: ulcers that develop inside the esophagus
 duodenal ulcers: ulcers that develop in the upper section of the small intestines,
called the duodenum
Causes of peptic ulcers
Different factors can cause the lining of the stomach, the esophagus, and the small
intestine to break down. These include:
 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a type of bacteria that can cause a stomach
infection and inflammation
 frequent use of aspirin (Bayer), ibuprofen (Advil), and other anti-inflammatory
drugs (risk associated with this behavior increases in women and people over the
age of 60)
 smoking
 drinking too much alcohol
 radiation therapy
 stomach cancer
Symptoms of peptic ulcers
The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is burning abdominal pain that extends
from the navel to the chest, which can range from mild to severe. In some cases, the pain

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may wake you up at night. Small peptic ulcers may not produce any symptoms in the
early phases.
Other common signs of a peptic ulcer include:
 changes in appetite
 nausea
 bloody or dark stools
 unexplained weight loss
 indigestion
 vomiting
 chest pain
Tests and exams for peptic ulcers
Two types of tests are available to diagnose a peptic ulcer. They are called upper
endoscopy and upper gastrointestinal (GI) series.
Upper endoscopy
In this procedure, your doctor inserts a long tube with a camera down your throat and into
your stomach and small intestine to examine the area for ulcers. This instrument also
allows your doctor to remove tissue samples for examination.
Not all cases require an upper endoscopy. However, this procedure is recommended for
people with a higher risk of stomach cancer. This includes people over the age of 45, as
well as people who experience:
 anemia
 weight loss
 gastrointestinal bleeding
 difficulty swallowing
Upper GI
If you don’t have difficulty swallowing and have a low risk of stomach cancer, your
doctor may recommend an upper GI test instead. For this procedure, you’ll drink a thick
liquid called barium (barium swallow). Then a technician will take an X-ray of your

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stomach, esophagus, and small intestine. The liquid will make it possible for your doctor
to view and treat the ulcer.
Because H. pylori is a cause of peptic ulcers, your doctor will also run a test to check for
this infection in your stomach.
How to treat a peptic ulcer
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of your ulcer. If tests show that you have
an H. pylori infection, your doctor will prescribe a combination of medication. You’ll
have to take the medications for up to two weeks. The medications include antibiotics to
help kill infections and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) to help reduce stomach acid.
You may experience minor side effects like diarrhea or an upset stomach from antibiotic
regimens. If these side effects cause significant discomfort or don’t get better over time,
talk to your doctor.
If your doctor determines that you don’t have an H. pylori infection, they may
recommend a prescription or over-the-counter PPI (such as Prilosec or Prevacid) for up to
eight weeks to reduce stomach acid and help your ulcer heal.
Acid blockers like ranitidine (Zantac) or famotidine (Pepcid) can also reduce stomach
acid and ulcer pain. These medications are available as a prescription and also over the
counter in lower doses.
Your doctor may also prescribe sucralfate (Carafate) which will coat your stomach and
reduce symptoms of peptic ulcers.
Complications of a peptic ulcer
Untreated ulcers can become worse over time. They can lead to other more serious health
complications such as:
 Perforation: A hole develops in the lining of the stomach or small intestine and
causes an infection. A sign of a perforated ulcer is sudden, severe abdominal pain.
 Internal bleeding: Bleeding ulcers can result in significant blood loss and thus
require hospitalization. Signs of a bleeding ulcer include lightheadedness,
dizziness, and black stools.

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  Scar tissue: This is thick tissue that develops after an injury. This tissue makes it
difficult for food to pass through your digestive tract. Signs of scar tissue include
vomiting and weight loss.
All three complications are serious and may require surgery. Seek urgent medical
attention if you experience the following symptoms:
 sudden, sharp abdominal pain
 fainting, excessive sweating, or confusion, as these may be signs of shock
 blood in vomit or stool
 abdomen that’s hard to the touch
 abdominal pain that worsens with movement but improves with lying completely
still
Outlook for peptic ulcers
With proper treatment, most peptic ulcers heal. However, you may not heal if you stop
taking your medication early or continue to use tobacco, alcohol, and nonsteroidal pain
relievers during treatment. Your doctor will schedule a follow-up appointment after your
initial treatment to evaluate your recovery.
Some ulcers, called refractory ulcers, don’t heal with treatment. If your ulcer doesn’t heal
with the initial treatment, this can indicate:
 an excessive production of stomach acid
 presence of bacteria other than H. pylori in the stomach
 another disease, such as stomach cancer or Crohn’s disease
Your doctor may offer a different method of treatment or run additional tests to rule out
stomach cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases.
How to prevent peptic ulcers
Certain lifestyle choices and habits can reduce your risk of developing peptic ulcers.
These include:
 not drinking more than two alcoholic beverages a day
 not mixing alcohol with medication

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  washing your hands frequently to avoid infections
 limiting your use of ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen (Aleve)
CONCLUSION

I hereby conclude that this program worth esteeming and continue to be there for students

to help them apply their already-had theoretical knowledge in practical aspect.

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RECOMMENDATION

I hereby recommend that;

1. Students should be assisted to get placement that are relevant to the field of their

study.

2. Students should not focus majorly on the financial implications of the industrial

training but be focused and develop interest in the experience they will be exposed

to or that will be an added advantage on their side.

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 REFEREENCES
"Peptic ulcer disease". Primary Care. 38 (3): 383–94, vii. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.001.
PMID  21872087.
Milosavljevic T, Kostić-Milosavljević M, Jovanović I, Krstić M (2011). "Complications of peptic
ulcer disease". Digestive Diseases. 29 (5): 491–3. doi:10.1159/000331517. PMID 22095016.

Steinberg KP (June 2002). "Stress-related mucosal disease in the critically ill patient: risk
factors and strategies to prevent stress-related bleeding in the intensive care unit". Critical Care
Medicine. 30 (6 Suppl): S362–4. doi:10.1097/00003246-200206001-00005. PMID 12072662.

Wang AY, Peura DA (October 2011). "The prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori-
associated peptic ulcer disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding throughout the world".
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America. 21 (4): 613–35.
doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.011. PMID 21944414.

GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016).

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