4.

Joseph John Thompson

Thomson's work using a cathode-ray tube demonstrated that atoms contain tiny particles.

An mistake was found in Dalton's atomic theory thanks to this finding. Smaller bits of atoms can be
created by breaking larger ones up.

This discovery led to the discovery of a flaw in Dalton's atomic hypothesis. When bigger atoms are
broken apart, smaller ones can be formed.

He referred to them as particle corpuscles when he discovered them. However, electrons are the new
name given to these subatomic particles.

Thomson incorporated electrons into the atomic theory. He was aware that the electrons' negative
charges needed to be countered by some positive charges.

2.Demicritus

To arrive to a "uncuttable" particle, one may keep cutting a material in two indefinitely.

He named the specks of matter atoms, which are Greek for "indivisible."

Democritus believed that atoms were little, hard objects made of a single substance that came in a
variety of forms and sizes. Democritus was wrong.

He had the belief that atoms were always in motion, forming new materials as they combined.

According to Aristotle, the theory put forward by Democritus would result in an indivisible particle. For
years, the views of Democritus were overshadowed by those of Aristotle, who enjoyed more popularity.

7.Werner Heisenberg

The man credited with inventing quantum mechanics.

It was proposed that every particle behaves in patterns that may or may not be the same as previously
when subjected to modifications.

I've conducted many studies on subatomic particles.

As a direct competitor of the Manhattan Project, Heisenberg made significant contributions to the
German atomic effort during World War II. Nazi architect Albert Speer sought advice from Heisenberg
on how to transform nuclear knowledge into a lethal weapon from the scientist.

1. Thales

To the best of our knowledge, Thales was Greece's first prominent scholar, inventor, and mathematical.
It is recognized with five theorems in elementary geometry. Thales was preoccupied with the nature of
substance. Like today's belief in atoms, he determined that everything was basically constituted of the
same thing. He proposed the theory that water is the most basic constituent of all stuff. Thales' notion
was evolved into "all matter is atoms" by his colleague Democritus after around 200 years.
3.John Dalton

When he was alive, scientists understood that compounds are formed when certain elements are mixed
together in precise ratios. Dalton asserted that this was the case since elements are made up of atoms,
as stated before.

The following is a succinct summary of his atomic theory

Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements.

There are no differences in the size, mass, or chemical characteristics of any two atoms of a particular
element. It's impossible to find two atoms that are identical in any way.

5.Ernest Rutherford

It was expected that if atoms were as soft as plum pudding, as suggested by the plum-pudding model,
particles would pass through gold and proceed in a straight path.

The majority of the specks travelled straight ahead. Some of the particles, on the other hand, were
deflected to the sides, while others rebounded back.

Rutherford came to the conclusion that the plum-pudding theory could not account for the data he had
collected. A new model of the atom was produced as a result of his changes to atomic theory.

He claimed that an atom's nucleus is a positively charged, minuscule area in the core.

6.Neils Bohr

As a result of quantum mechanics, Niels Bohr suggested in 1913 that the hydrogen atom could only have
discrete values. There are a limited number of possible orbits for electrons around a nucleus since they
can only go in specific directions.

Bohr postulated that electrons follow certain pathways around the nucleus, which are positioned at
various "levels" away from the nucleus.

Although electrons can't switch routes, they can hop between them.

To explain why atoms only emit light of fixed wavelengths, Bohr developed a model that subsequently
included hypotheses about light quanta.