9.

1–11

CHAPTER D
GENERAL MEMBER AND CONNECTION
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

This chapter addresses general requirements for the design of members and connections.

The chapter is organized as follows:

D1. Member Requirements
D2. Connections
D3. Deformation Compatibility of Non-SFRS Members and Connections
D4. H-Piles

D1. MEMBER REQUIREMENTS

Members of moment frames, braced frames and shear walls in the seismic force
resisting system (SFRS) shall comply with the Specification and this section. Certain
members of the SFRS that are expected to undergo inelastic deformation under the
design earthquake are designated in these provisions as moderately ductile members
or highly ductile members.
1. Classification of Sections for Ductility
When required for the systems defined in Chapters E, F, G, H and Section D4, mem-
bers designated as moderately ductile members or highly ductile members shall
comply with this section.
1a. Section Requirements for Ductile Members
Structural steel sections for both moderately ductile members and highly ductile
members shall have flanges continuously connected to the web or webs.

Encased composite columns shall comply with the requirements of Section D1.4b(1)
for moderately ductile members and Section D1.4b(2) for highly ductile members.

Filled composite columns shall comply with the requirements of Section D1.4c for
both moderately and highly ductile members.

Concrete sections shall comply with the requirements of ACI 318 Section 21.3 for
moderately ductile members and ACI 318 Section 21.6 for highly ductile members.
1b. Width-to-Thickness Limitations of Steel and Composite Sections
For members designated as moderately ductile members, the width-to-thickness
ratios of compression elements shall not exceed the limiting width-to-thickness
ratios, λmd, from Table D1.1.
For members designated as highly ductile members, the width-to-thickness ratios of
compression elements shall not exceed the limiting width-to-thickness ratios, λhd,
from Table D1.1.
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, June 22, 2010
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
9.1–12 MEMBER REQUIREMENTS [Sect. D1.

TABLE D1.1
Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for
Compression Elements For Moderately Ductile
and Highly Ductile Members

Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratio

Width-to- ␭hd ␭md
Description Thickness Highly Moderately
of Element Ratio Ductile Members Ductile Members Example

Flanges of rolled
or built-up
I-shaped sections,
channels and
tees; legs of single
angles or double
angle members
with separators; b/t 0.30 E / Fy 0.38 E / Fy
Unstiffened Elements

outstanding legs
of pairs of angles
in continuous
contact

Flanges of H-pile
sections per b/t 0.45 E / Fy not applicable
Section D4

⎡⎣ a ⎤⎦
Stems of tees d/t 0.30 E / Fy 0.38 E / Fy

Walls of
b/t
rectangular HSS

Flanges of boxed
I-shaped sections
b/t
and built-up box ⎡⎣b ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣ c ⎤⎦
Stiffened Elements

sections 0.55 E / Fy 0.64 E / Fy

Side plates of
boxed I-shaped
sections and walls
h/t
of built-up box
shapes used as
diagonal braces

Webs of rolled
or built-up
I-shaped sections h/tw 1.49 E Fy 1.49 E Fy
used as diagonal
braces

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, June 22, 2010

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Sect. D1.] MEMBER REQUIREMENTS 9.1–13

TABLE D1.1 (CONTINUED)

Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for
Compression Elements For Moderately Ductile
and Highly Ductile Members

Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratio

Width-to- ␭hd ␭md
Description Thickness Highly Moderately
of Element Ratio Ductile Members Ductile Members Example
Webs of rolled or
built-up I-shaped For Ca ≤ 0.125 For Ca ≤ 0.125
h/tw
sections used as 2.45 E Fy (1− 0.93Ca ) 3.76 E Fy (1− 2.75Ca )
beams or columns[d]

Side plates of For Ca > 0.125 For Ca > 0.125

boxed I-shaped h/t 77 E Fy (2.93 − Ca ) 1.1
0.7 12 E Fy (2.33 − Ca )
sections used as
Stiffened Elements

beams or columns ≥ 1.49 E Fy ≥ 1.49 E Fy

where where
Webs of built-up Pu Pu
Ca = (LRFD) Ca = (LRFD)
box sections used φc Py φc Py
h/t
as beams or Ωc Pa Ωc Pa
columns Ca = (ASD) Ca = (ASD)
Py Py

Webs of H-Pile
h/tw 0.94 E Fy not applicable
sections

Walls of round ⎡e ⎤⎦
D/t 0.038 E Fy 0.044 E Fy ⎣
HSS
Composite Elements

Walls of
rectangular filled
b/t 1.4 E Fy 2.26 E Fy
composite
members

Walls of round
filled composite D/t 0.076 E Fy 0.15 E Fy
members

[a]
For tee shaped compression members, the limiting width-to-thickness ratio for highly ductile members for
the stem of the tee can be increased to 0.38 E Fy if either of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) Buckling of the compression member occurs about the plane of the stem.
(2) The axial compression load is transferred at end connections to only the outside face of the flange of
the tee resulting in an eccentric connection that reduces the compression stresses at the tip of the stem.
[b]
The limiting width-to-thickness ratio of flanges of boxed I-shaped sections and built-up box sections of
columns in SMF systems shall not exceed 0.6 E Fy .
[c]
The limiting width-to-thickness ratio of walls of rectangular HSS members, flanges of boxed I-shaped
sections and flanges of built-up box sections used as beams or columns shall not exceed 1.12 E Fy .
[d]
For I-shaped beams in SMF systems, where Ca is less than or equal to 0.125, the limiting ratio h/tw shall
not exceed 2.45 E Fy . For I-shaped beams in IMF systems, where Ca is less than or equal to 0.125, the
limiting width-to-thickness ratio shall not exceed 3.76 E Fy .
[e]
The limiting diameter-to-thickness ratio of round HSS members used as beams or columns shall not
exceed 0.07E/Fy.

Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, June 22, 2010

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION