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Evaluation of Axial Capacity of Cold formed Steel Section

To cite this article: R Saravanakumar et al 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1145 012013

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012013 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012013

Evaluation of xial apacity of old formed teel ection

R Saravanakumar1, K S Elango2, R Gopi3 and C Kaleeswaran4

1
Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and
Management, Hyderabad, India
3
Structural Engineer, Kathira Homes, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

 
 



Abstract. Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections have gained popularity in the recent years
primarily because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and faster constructions. They are
manufactured by forming plane sheets made of steel in ambient temperature and the same used
in different shapes as per the requirement criteria. This present study assesses the axial capacity
of CFST columns against current design standards. The column strength predicted by using the
Effective width Method (EVM) as per AISI S100-16, 2016 and IS 801-1975.

Keywords: Cold formed Steel, AISI, Effective width Method, safe load, and Permissible
strength.

1. Introduction
The sections such as angle sections, channel sections and Z type sections are usually made by light
gauged steel sections [1]. Those sections are either single section and composed of two or more
section like built up section [2]. In Particular using of singly or doubly symmetric sections for cold
formed steel compression elements will affect the behavior of the element [3]. When two channel
sections are attached back-to-back, it forms an I-section and it by connecting channel sections (two
numbers) in the flanges forms box type section [4]. Nowadays, for Built-up sections cold formed thin-
walled steel structures are commonly used because of its benefits of maximum load carrying capacity
and easy of fabrication and connection [5]. Section type, length and number were mentioned by
labelling [6]. The specimens studied were labelled by suitable code number [7]. Label named “B100-
L1250-1” indicated that the channel section with depth of 100 mm. Built up sections are represented
by the letter ‘B. Figure 1, typically represents Built up I section and Table 1 represents the result
comparison [8,9].

Figure 1. Built-up I- section

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012013 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012013

As per guidelines of AISI & IS 801:1975, axial capacity of steel columns can be determined by
effective width method [10-12]. The axial capacity is as follows:
PAISI = Ae x Fn
The critical buckling stress (Fn) was determined as below: For λc < 1.5, Fn = (0.658^λ2c) Fy and
λc > 1.5, Fn = (0.877/λ2c) Fy
The Non-dimensional Slenderness (λc) is calculated using
λc = √Fy/Fe
Where,
Fe = π2E/(KL/r)2
Available Strength Pa = Pn/Ω
The axial capacity calculated as per IS801:1975 for CFS Columns, is calculated as below
Q = Aeff / Agross
For Cc = (2π2E / σy) ^ (1/2)
Permissible Stress
Fa = ((12/23)Qfy – (3/23E) * [Qfy(l/r)/π]^(2))
Safe Load = Fa x Aeff

2. Design of Single Channel Section Using IS 801:1975

Single Channel Section with lips 100 mm X 40 mm X 10 mm

Depth of channel section h = 100 mm
Width of channel section B = 40 mm
Height of column H = 1250 mm
Depth of lips C = 10 mm
Thickness of channel t = 1.6 mm
Area of section A = 298 mm 2
R = 2.4
K = 1.2
Modulus of elasticity E = 200000 N/mm 2

Step 1:
From IS 811-1961
Section area A = 298 mm2
MOI about XX-axis IXX = 455000 mm4
MOI about YY-axis I YY = 59400 mm4
Radius of Gyration Rxx = 39.1 mm
Radius of Gyration R yy = 14.1 mm
σy = 240 N/mm2
Step 2: Slenderness Ratio
Slenderness ratio l/rmin = 106.4
The column section has stiffened and un-stiffened plate elements Basic design stress
= 144 N/mm2
Step 3: Effective Design Width for Load Determination
The effective design width of flanges and web are found as under:
As per IS 801:1975, the limiting flat width ratio when the full element is effective
(446/√(σ)) = 37.17
(i) Actual flat width thickness ratio of flanges
(w/t) = 20
Effective design width of the flanges

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012013 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012013

(be/t) = (658/√(σ)) [1-(145/(w/t) √(σ))

(be/t) b = 21.7 mm
= 34.73 mm < 37.17

The flanges are fully effective (be = w) = 32 mm

(ii) Actual flat width thickness ratio of web

(w/t) = 57.5 > 37.17

Effective design width of the web

(be/t) =(658/√(σ)) [1-(145/(w/t) √(σ))
b =43.31 mm
(be = w) =69.30 mm

Actual flat width thickness ratio of bent lips

(w/t) = 3.75 < 12

Area of one Corner Effective Area = 7.56 mm2

= 243.71 mm2

Step 4: Column Factor

Q= Aeff / Agross = 0.818

Step 5: Permissible Stress

2
For Cc =(2π E / σy) ^ (1/2)
= 128.2
Cc/√Q = 141.75
Permissible Stress
fa = ((12/23)Qfy – (3/23E) * [Qfy(l/r)/π]^(2))
= 43.01N/mm2
Safe Load = 10.48 KN

3. Design of Single Channel Section using AISI

Single Channel Section with Lips 100 mm X 40 mm X 10 mm

Depth of channel section h = 100 mm
Width of channel section B = 40 mm
Height of column H = 1250 mm
Depth of lips C = 10 mm
Thickness of channel t = 1.5 mm
Area of section A = 298 mm 2
K = 1.2
Modulus of elasticity E = 200000 N/mm 2
Step 1:
From IS 811-1961
Section area A = 298 mm2
MOI about XX-axis IXX = 455000 mm4
MOI I
about YY-axis YY = 59400 mm4

3
ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012013 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012013

Radius of Gyration Rxx R = 39.1 mm

Radius of Gyration yy = 14.1 mm
σy = 235 N/mm2
Effective Area Ae = 243.71 mm2
Ω = 1.8

Step 2: Slenderness Ratio

Slenderness ratio l/rmin = 88.7
According to AISI for CFS Columns, the axial capacity is calculated as below PAISI = Ae x
Fn
The critical buckling stress (Fn) was determined as below:
For λc < 1.5, Fn = (0.658^λ2c) Fy ; λc > 1.5, Fn = (0.877/λ
c
2
) Fy
The Non-dimensional Slenderness (λc) is calculated using
λc = √Fy/Fe
Where,
Fe = π2E/(KL/r)2
= 250.9 N/mm2
λc = 0.97
Fn = (0.658^λ2c) Fy
= 158.79 N/mm2
The axial capacity Pn = Fn x Ae
= 38.70 KN
Available Strength Pa = Pn /Ω
Pa = 21.5 KN
Table 1. Results Comparison

gn strength results
Specimen Web Flange Lip Length Thickness

h (mm) b (mm) c (mm) L (mm) t (mm) PAISI (KN) PIS (KN)

Single Channel Section

C100 L1250-1 100 40 10 1250 1.6 21.5 10.48
Built-up I-section
I100 L1250-1 100 40 10 1250 1.6 43.94 20.05
Built-up Box section
B100 L1250-1 100 40 10 1250 1.6 23.8 11.82

4. Conclusion
In this present study, column strengths are determined from the two design standards like AISI and IS
Standard were compared. Axial strength of cold formed steel columns was determined by, AISI code
that prescribes the modified slenderness approach. Effective width method is easiest method compare
to direct strength method to avoid tedious process for calculating the axial strength of CFST. The
value of form factor Q which is a ratio of effective area under compression to overall area. Choice of

4
ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012013 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012013

section with lips or without lips doesn’t affect the value of Q. Utmost care should be taken while
designing because the use of thinner sections create problem in design for structural Engineers that
cannot be rectified through normal structural design.

References
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