We are worl<Jng with CambriclQe Aaae""'9111 tnlemetlonal EducaUon ~ • e,,do •ment of 1h11 blle.

Going underground
> 1.1 Relic
Writers deliberntely choose .,.hat information to ,..,,..,al to the rc11der about «nain
characters. For example. they might gi,•e explicit information 11bout a character's
circumstances so the reader can ""ork out why that character takes ccnain actions
later on.

Focus
1 Read this cxtrnct from DurlqHirl,<. Underline tbc key inform111io n about Louis'
11pnr1mcnt . lhcn bricOy summurisc the impreqion this panugc m ates of
Lo uis' life.

LoYIS opened the door to his opartmtnt ond twltr.hed Q!'I lhe fight
Everything was organised and neat. Ewrything was in its place.
The walls were pointed cream and the little kitchen was perfectly
clean. Most people would think it o very pleasant apartment But
for the first time. Louis noticed how bare it looked. Tobie. cho.irs.
TV. rug, clock ... it seemed somehow empty. He stood for o
moment and lstened to the silence. He hod lived here for almost o
year. The only photograph In the room was of a smiling Louis with
his school friends. They'd gradually lost contact over the months.

-
In that moment he decided - he would go to meet Relic.

...................................... , ... ' .............. ······· .... ', ..' ...........................

I

o • • • • o• • I • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o• • ' • • • • • • • o• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

OriglNI materiel Q Cambndge lJnl,,erslty PteM 2021 . Thi• material is noc llnal and 11 tubject ID lur1het changes !>ri,r t o ~-
ISBN_97811087'46694.
r - - - - - - mrminouno:mg-'W!lll"C:ambll:lll9'»sn=l!llt1Qtemab0nal EducaUon lowa'd• eodouement of this tltle.
1 Going underground

Practice
2 Reread the final sentence of the extracl then write a paragraph c.~plaining
why you think Louis decides to meet Relic. Comment on how the information
in the rest of the extract helps you understand his decision. Use quotations in
your answer.

Challenge
3 In your notebook.. write a parag,·aph lie the one from Durkparis. in which you
provide details about a character's actions or surroundings to allow the reader
to work things out about them. Yo u could use the iniagc below to inspire )'OU.
o r come up with a n idea of )'\>Ur own.

to
•
tolu!llw thlJ
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 We are wOl1<Jng with Ca,,,i,, loge AHHsmenl lnlemetlonal Educ.Uon IOWard• e, ,d,:,1-t of 1h11 lllle,
1.2 The DoorlcNper

> 1.2 The Doorkeeper

l,1nqu,1qP f oc.i-:.

Punctuation can be used for rhetorical purposes. This means that

punctuation marks such as question marks, exclamation marks and ellipses
can shape an argument or suggest something about a character or
situation.
A question mark can be used to signal a rhetorical question. It can
also create a variety of tones, such as making a speake r sound slighdy
threatening or surprised (Why on earth did you make that choice ?1.
Exclamation marks can also create d ifferent effects, such III excitement
(Welcome to your new life!') or anger ('I insist you leave nowt').
Ellipses may suggest a variety of emotions or moods, tUch as nMVOUsneu/
hesitation ('Please ... can I leave now?1 or a s«\Se of drama ('And now . ..
here it is!').

Focus
1 R,,ad lhc follo\\~ng ron,·crsatioo ~tween the dlanctrrs Louis and R,,lic from
Durk{Hlrl.r. Explain bow dliplcs, queation 11111rks 1111d exclamation marks help
to suggest things about the cbarac1cn' attitudes and feelings.

Relic,· wt MSpered ldas 'I'm r111 not sure about lhls

Where are ~ 91!"197'
'I iaven\ I already eiij ' I -ed7' said Rellc
lhl!y w illked 1r Sil c:e. Then LoU1s asked how much furtht!r • was.
'You donl have to tr here. you know. In faa. go home!' Relic
dmftdMWJl'Y

•······· •·· •·······•·······•·······•··•···• •·····················•······· •··· ····•··········•·······

Original material C Camb<idge IJniWnity Preu 2021 . Thi• malerial ii not final and 11 tubjKt ID tu,,iw changes P"'I' I D ~-
ISBN_97811087~94.
1-- - - ---,mmrWlll'lm'llfWnrn::an,unll!lllr11Sln!1!fflll!llrl()l.,,..llonal EducaUon -..is e,m•menl of 1h11 litle.
1 Going underground

Practice
2 R=ri1c the following c~lrncl , allering lhe punctuation and :tdding ellipses
and e~lnmnlion marks 10 help ~uggc,1 lhc chamcten' personalities.

'stond bade ond wot.ch carefully; said Tht OOOl'kttper In hwhed IDna
"IOll'vr wait:td )Ollr whole life for t.ltls.'
Louis held his breath and wat.chtd OS Tht OOOriceeptr slowly tunled II
key In o door In the wall ond pushed It open. LOiiis stored In honor at
the c,wful thing thot appeared.
'What is that?' whispered Lollis, bardy bm>lhing.

···· ·· ·• ·· · ·• · · •··· ···· · ··· · · •·· •·· · · •· ······•········· · ·············· •·· · · •·· ····· •······ · ·· · •·· · ··

...... ' ... , .................................. , ·················· ... , ....... ' ... ····•······ .... ' .....
.. ' ....' .................................................... ' ... ' .. , .. , ' ... ' ........................

Challenge
3 Write lhc puruanph that follows on from the cxtmct ubovc. You cnn dc:cide
what hnppm., u..,
dialogue thut includes ellipses. question marks .and
excJam:nion marks 10 suggest the clu,mnc,rs' a11i1udes .and feelings..

······· ········ •················ .. ············································"····················

Original ~ C Cambridge lJnr,e<Sity Press 2021 . Thi• maleriel it noc llnel end 1, tubjea IO fur1het ehengea prior lo P<,t,llcellon.
1S8N_97811087466!M.
 We are WOl1<ing wl1h c...tMioge ""•essmenl lntet,alioi• Education !owwd• eudcnemenl of 1h11 lille.
1.2 The OooricMpw

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Original malerial O Ca..,116.- Unolinily nae • 1ur1tii1Gilllnge1 ~'°~lion-
ISBN_9 81 1087-46894,
 > 1.3 Reviewing Darkparis
When analysing two or more texts togetl~r. )'OUn<Cd first to locate information.
then trace and summarise, it. The next stage is 10 synthcsi~ it. which means
bringing details tog.ether to find links and make overall points.

Focus
1 Here arc t\\'O reviews of D11rkp11rlr. Using two different colours. highlight the
posit.ivc and negative points mudc in each review.

Floyd: The ending of this book is amazmg. It was the character of The r
Doorkeeper that grabbed my interest at first. because he - ed 10
mysterious, and that's what kept me reading because I want9d ID find
out who he was and why he needed t.ou- to help him. I did lose a bit
o f Interest in the middle of tho book- the bit where The Dootkffper
goes milSlng - but 1n the last faw chapters, ltlM9 are so many things
happening and WMn The Doo~■ apm- came back and said his last
words, it was brillianL
, J • J ,

Hyai: l.l~e rrr, friend,, I motlly ~ed D.•is. The endins

of the bookWlffl t • toOd ., I'cl hoped, but the character or
1

The DoMeeper wts the best in the stcwy. I lilced the W4'f he wts
mysterious, but .Ito wes wee~ too end nttdecl the help of other
people to sl#Yive. The middle cheptm of the book, ~ the seJlin,
chanscs ID the island, were my favoi.wite ptJt. Relic was interesting too
-1 thin~ the wrter should heve l~ d her more in the story.

Original~ C Camb<idge ~ P,.u 2021 . Tlit material It not final and l1 subjo<:I to fl.r1tw change1 prior ta p!.tiicrion.
ISBN_9781108746694.
 We""' -1<ing .,;e, Cambridge Asaeument lntemallonal E,.icolion loWards endol•me,~ al !his lille.
1 .3 Rwiewing Oarlrparlt

Practice
2 BrieOy summarise the positi\'c and negative points from the two reviews in Ille
Focus acth,j1y in one pa rngmph.

Challenge
3 The publi.shcrs of D11rkp<1r/., have said thiJ about the boot: 'E\-cryonc who
reads the book think it ·s the best thing they'w rcud :
Using the information from the previous activitlcl, c:xplaln whether you think
this is true and " 'hy. Use ex11mplcs Crom tbc rcvicwa above in your a nswer.

.................................. ...,1••·················· ...·,············.. ·············· ········

• • • • • • o O Oo O O o o • • • • • • • • • • 0 ♦ O o O o ♦ 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • o • • I o • I • 0 • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • I • • • •

• o • • • • • • I •• 0 • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ♦ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' • • •

···········....................... , .... , ............................. , ...

Original matenat C Cambc iclge Uniwrsily Press 2021 . This material is not final and is 1<1bject 10
ISBN_9781108746694.
changes """'lo~-
t-- - - - -""Vlrt!".!l'l!"Wl!l'lml!J,!ilfflrefflll:m!ligl!"ilSsi,i;sn-ll!ITNQtemabonal Education-• endorsement of this title.
1 Going underground

> 1.4 The second test

One key choice made by a playwright is bow much information to gi"e to the
a udience iu various points in the piny. Withholding information can be an
important device fo r creatin~ elTccts such as mystery or tension.

Focus
1 Read the following scene from a script. You should then complete the two
tables 10 identify what information Lolli, and tbe audience do or do not have.

l..buis is ill a large undagrmmd arro. He is ll'alki11g s luw/y altmg u po1/11.-u_1: I

His hunds are tied behind Iris buck w,d he has u blim((u/J ro1-eri11g his ,:,·es
LOUIS: Hello? Is anyone tbere?
Arowul 1ht1 ne.tt eurn;.•r. nrE DOORKEEPER and
RELIC m11 llt'ar LOl' IS opprood1i11g.

TIIE IX>OUID'DI: llu RELIC ! This will be a real test for him.
TI1en we'll know.
Ul\. lS
,:u1• thut lt'ml,f e1 long''"·' 1lm11, ,m,l,~r 1hr rarllt. _
U>L'IS N1111i11t1t! S walki11g s lo H' ~l' wo-wtls it.
_J
tunu· lht• con,c,r. Furth,•r dawn 1h,· path. lhc•rc• i.t ti

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Ongi{lal ~ 1' Cambridge University~ 2021 . Th(~ ~
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_ , l.f • ' , , JSB~71l10&7466!!4.

 We are won<Jng with c.nb,ldge Asseumenc tnlemallonal EducaUon towards e,oduc-1 of this tllle.
1.4 The second test

What Louis knows What Louis does not know

What the audience knows What the audlenC11 does not know t

. .
Practice
2 Whal effccu arr crrutcd by the d (fTcrcnt 11:\-cls or knowledge thilt the chamctcr
und the uudic,ncc hll\-c? Write II summary. explaining:
• how you reel toward, Louis
• how you r«-110\I ardJ The Doork~~r and !«lie
• whnt you still do not know by the end or the s«nc.

....................................... ....,.....................,.......,..........................
,

Original ma1enal Cl Cambtldge IJnlversily Press 2021 . This material ls not final and Is subject to ful1llet changes ~ t o ~ •·
ISBN_97811087~94.
r------mnmirwtmrll'l!f'M!rrt:mnmrgw-;e;s,5l!'Scsml!IIT'IQlemalional Education-• ei-aemenl of lhia - -
1 Going underground

Challenge
3 Write your own brieJ sa,ne like the one abo,'C. in which the characters and
the audience have different le,•els of knowledge. Structure your SttOC to crc111e
dilfercnl effccli. You could use the idea below or one of your own:

A boy Is proudly wolclng down a slreel Is his best dolhes. His mischievous
younger brolhers ore hidlng In a b\lsh with a hosepipe . ..

........................................................................... , ........................

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Original .....,, C Cambc idge UnNersily Preas 2021 . Thia malerial ia not final and la aubjed ID further changes pnor lo podcallon.
IS8N_9781108746694.
 We are WOl1<Jng with c;....,,idge Assessment lntetnrianal Educati0<1 - d • eodcnement of this tille.
1.5 Visiting Coober P.,fy

> 1.5 Visiting Coober Pedy

Language focus

Writers often make comparisons to help readers picture or understand

a topic. Literary techniques such as simile and metaphor are particularly
effective ways of making comparisons, and writers may repeat and dewlop
a comparison throughout a text as an extended metaphor. Look at this
example from a piece of travel writing. The writer uses water-based
comparisons to show the heat of a desert town:
n,e /10:e of heal distorted Ma11d11m. making the town look lik~ ii was 1111,kr
HYJter. /11 1/w 1k1::/i,1g light. the' Jhaf)<' of /1111111111 bo,.l/es sc•,•mC'd to llrift (IS .,..,,.,.s of
heal rip11l,•tl. l'i-1111/e s11'Ull1 sl<,11·6· 1t111vmls me. 1/1eir limhsj/uili1111 ttlfd theirJu.-...,
made wide lr.1· 1/,,. 11v1n .1· midday ,mrl,L
Notice how the references to water and swinvning conlribute to the overall
purpose of the description. The comparison thaws the reader d early how
hot it is in the desert, as well as how the power of nature can alter the way
we perceive our surroundings.

Focus
1 Read the following paragraph from a pm of tr.Ml writing. then briefly
explain wba1 the city of Dhaka ii being 00lllplU"Cd to. Tentacles a rc long a rms.

1M Tentacles of Dhaka
The glOwtng red eve- Cl lho two 1- , 1n Ille distance slored at me. Atx:Ne
tt,em. o huge head ol .-noke hung. This city was danQerous. I hOd to
GlCQPG, but eve,y\Nhe,e I tumed, the tenloc:lesol Dhoko reached out lorme,
The streets pounded Ike a hear1beal below my feel, md the threaMlng
growl or the cty was --,where. Dhaka had me In Its sl<)hts. I was Its prey.
• <

Origina malllrial C Camb<idge Um,nity Press 2021 . This material is nol final and is subjBd lo UU- changes ~ l o ~ ·
ISBN_9781108746694.
 1lonaJ Educdon 1u wads zwb•nenl ol lhls tile.

Practice
2 Exploin the dTeet ~nd overall impaa o r the extendeJ mernphor in the p.ui11ge.
Whul impression de><~ ii create of 1hc city and or the narru1or·, stale of mind'!

• •••••• I ••• ♦ I•• I •••••• • • • • • • ♦ o • • , • •. , O • • • , ••• I •. • • • • • •, •, • •. , o . , , • •, , , , , o,. , , • • , , • • o . , • • , •, , • • , , , • , •

.. , .............................. ········......................................................... ..

OrigNI ~..,, Cl Cambridge ~ Pten 2021 . This ma1eriel is noc final and Is subject lu lur1het changes p<iot IO publicallon.
ISBN_97811087'466!M.
 1 .0 u vmg unaer m e grouno

Challenge
3 Write a description of a place using an extended mttaphor. You could base
your writing on the picture opposi1.e. or use an idea of your own_

4 • • • • I • • I •• I •••• • • ••••• • •• • 0• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I • • • ••• •I • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • ••

> 1.6 Living under the ground

Townnh the end of a piece of travel writing. the writer usually sums up what their
tnl\'Cls have taught them about lhc places they visited. as well commem ing on
human life and culture.

Fo cus
1 Read t.h e last paragrapb of a learner's piece of travel writing about M atmata.
Tick th• .. , , - i ts ) tbat best describe whlll it shows.

Leaving Maba la
Climbing back In to the sunshine, I felt I'd changed. Having spent a Wffk underground,
I found out that these local people, who I thought were going to be very different to
me, were very much the same In lots of ways. They wanted their families to be happy,
and they wanted to be healthy. I looked bade at the person I was before I came here,
and felt slightly ashamed. As I drove away bade to my beautiful home and nice life, the
villagers waved me off with smiles and good wishes.

Original material C Cambridge IJMefSi1y Presa 2021 . This malerial II not !lnal and Is subject to lur1h« changes .,,.,10 ~ -
tSBN_ 9781108746694.
__________
1 b o1ng underground ____,/

• Then, arc many dilf,c,ttnt ,,,ays of living. and they arc all equal. D
b In the modern world. it is difficult to live without modem facilities. D
c Peopk who live p rivileged lives utt often patronising. D
d H umnns have the same feelings and ambitions whcrcvc.r they li,·e. D
e Modem lh•ing is destroying old ways of living. D
Practice
2 Write a paragraph explaining why you chose the statement(s) you did in the
Focus activity. Use details Crom the text in your e.~planation.

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Challenge
3 Now write the important final paragraph of u pie« of tra,'1'1 writing yours,c,l[
based on the descript ion below. Experiment with different ways of ordering
the p.iragmph 10 achieve the clTc-ct you want.
You utt !raving the busy city of Shnnghni by train and arc ttOccting on the
we,c,k you spent there. At first you found it difficult being in such a busy place.
but you have met mnny friendly. helpful peo ple in Shanghai.

Original ni.f•~ 0 Cambridge Univ8<1ity Prna 2021. This material II no1 final - Is IUbject lo further change■ prior to publicllllon.
IS8N~97811087<46694.
 1.6 living under the ground

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~--· .... ....... .....,., .. .. ... , ·•·· •·· .. ·············.... , .......................... , .............
, ,

············· .. ····························· ···················· ·················· ........ , .........

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OriglNI malorl&I Cl Cilfflbridge Unl\lffliily Preu 2021 . Thi~ malarial Is not final and Is subject to funhe< ch■ngl>S l'riff;+bla llon
ISBN 97811 087~~