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Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation
QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation combines
amplitude & phase changes to give additional capacity & is
widely used for data communications.
MODULATION ηB EB / NO FOR
6
BER = 1 IN 10
16QAM 2 10.5
64QAM 3 18.5
256QAM 4 24
1024QAM 5 28
QAM Modulator & Demodulator
The modulation and demodulation of quadrature amplitude
modulation, QAM utilises circuits that are able to accommodate
both I and Q components.
In any system that uses quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM,
there will be modulators and demodulators.
These QAM modulators and demodulators are required to provide
the capability to modulate both the in-phase and quadrature
components of the modulating signal onto the carrier.
QAM modulator basics
The QAM modulator essentially follows the idea that can be seen
from the basic QAM theory where there are two carrier signals with
a phase shift of 90° between them. These are then amplitude
modulated with the two data streams known as the I or In-phase
and the Q or quadrature data streams. These are generated in the
baseband processing area.
The two resultant signals are summed
and then processed as required in the RF
signal chain, typically converting them in
frequency to the required final frequency
and amplifying them as required.
https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/quadrature-amplitude-
modulation-what-is-qam-basics.php
https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/quadrature-amplitude-
modulation-qam-theory-formulas-equations.php
https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/quadrature-amplitude-
modulation-types-8qam-16qam-32qam-64qam-128qam-256qam.php
https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/quadrature-amplitude-
modulation-qam-modulator-demodulator.php