1

MODUL PERKULIAHAN

English
For Business
Modul 12
Intermediate English Business
Universitas Mercu Buana

Abstract
This lesson is talking Lobbies about
finding a voice and grammar about
modals and auxiliary.
Career skills: Making a case
Dilemma: selling up or selling out
Kompetensi
Students are able to read and answer
the questions about lobbies and able
to answer the questions about the
finding a voice, grammar is about
Modals and auxiliary, Career skills
about Making a case and Dilemma
about Selling up and selling out.

Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Kode MK Disusun Oleh

01
Disini diisi Fakultas Program MK10230 Diisi nama dosen/ Tim
penerbit Modul Studi
Modul Standardize
Background

Standardize Meeting 12 English for Accounting

1. All students are able to read and write properly
2. All students are able to answer the questions
3. All students should do all the exercises given,
4. Ask the lecturer if you don’t understand

Study Systems

In Modul 12 English for Accounting we divide the lesson into:

1. Warm-up, students should follow the warm-up before going through the lesson, and
after all you can be able to read and answer properly.
2. You ONLY do what the lecturer asks you to do.
3. If you don’t understand, please ask me the questions and I am happy to answer all the
questions you ask.

1. Warm-up
• Warm-up is used to get you into the lesson. Just follow the instruction.
• The content is the lesson. And it is about reading and writing, together with the
grammar and the discussion.
• Discussion will be discussed between you and the lecturer.
• Bibliography:
✓ Jones, Leo, Alexander, Richard. New International Business English
Teacher's Book. Cambridge University Press, 1996.
✓ Betty Schrampfer Azar, Basic English Grammar, 2nd edition, Longman &
Pearson, 2001.
✓ Tappe, Tonya and Tullis, Graham. Intermmediate Business English, 5th
edition, Longman & Pearson, 2009
✓ Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding And Using English Grammar, 2nd
edition, 1993, Binarupa Aksara.
✓ Lin, Lougheed, Business Essentials B1, 2013, Oxford University Press.

2. Content
The content of the modul 12 is about Lobbies. In modul 12, students will learn how to
read and write well about Lobbies. How the company is selling up or selling out.
The competency of modul 12 is to get all the students understand better and
students are able to read and write everything about How to deal or lobby. All of the
grammar is about modals and auxiliary and vocabulary are talking about Lobbies.

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 3. Closing
Since the purpose of module 12 English for Accounting is about Lobbies so at the
end, student will have the competency in vocabulary, reading and grammar about
Modals and Auxiliary in English for Accounting by getting them to have test and exam
at the mid test and final test.

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Bagian Sampul

Perlu diketahui bahwa tidak diperbolehkan untuk mengganti Jenis Huruf, Format dan
Ukuran dari template pada bagian sampul ini. Huruf diperbolehkan untuk diperkecil
khusus pada area Judul Mata Kuliah dan Pokok Bahasan Modul apabila terlalu panjang dan
melebihi ruang yang telah disediakan.

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Content
Unit 12 LOBBIES
Language Focus: Modals and Auxiliary
Vocabulary: Celebrity, Charity and Trade.
Skills:
Reading: Finding a voice
Career Skills: Making a case
Dilemma and Discussion: Selling up or selling out.

Keynote:
Organizations such as charities, pressure groups and industry groups campaign or
lobby governments of companies in an effort to persuade them to introduce or change
policies. They can use any of the following methods to influence opinion: demonstrations –
such as marches and sit-ins, petitions – collecting names and signatures on a letter of
protest, litigation – taking legal action against companies or institutions, boycotts –
refusing to buy products and services from a targeted company or celebrities to raise public
awareness of a cause.

Preview: Acts of protest

Which of the following acts of protest would you be willing to take a part in? Why or
why not?
- Demonstration against plans for nuclear power plant near your home.
- Boycotting of clothes made by children in poor working conditions signing a petition
against the killing of whales.

Reading: Fair Trade

Read the following sentences taken from the text. Then read text and complete it with
the sentences.
a. Similar tactics helped to persuade the Bush administration to take a fresh look at
foreign aid.
b. Africa’s share of world trade is a tiny two per cent, but the continent’s exports are still
ten times what it receives in aid
c. Europeans pay twice as much for a basket of groceries as do more liberal New
Zealanders.
d. Oxfam has just released a fat report on trade, in which it denounces rich countries’
tariff barriers against imports from poor countries, and their subsidies for farmers.
e. Bono spent two weeks touring Africa with Paul O’Neill, the US Treasury Secretary.

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 In the energy-sapping heat of
Uganda, women bend double to grow
flowers for export to Europe. According to
Bono, singer of Irish rock band U2, this
scene represents “globalization at its
best”
He is right, of course. Growing flowers is hard work, but no more so than subsistence
farming, which is the alternative; and it pays better. Everyone benefits; Europeans get roses
in winter and Ugandan rose-growers eat better and put their children through school. A
number of organizations now recognize that trade between developed and less developed
economies allows poorer countries to improve their economies. A number of charities have
also noticed that north-south trade is not always exploitative. 1_______________. Another
leading charity has condemned northern protectionism.
2
_________________ It was an odd spectacle: US finance ministers do not often
spend time in African slums and rock stars rarely take part in high-level discussions about
development economics. But the trip revealed a few things about the changing relationships
between governments, charities and celebrities. Even if politicians in democracies don’t have
to do what voters want, they generally do take their opinion seriously. So, if charities want
them to be nice to Africa, they must persuade voters to demand this. And to attract voters’
attention, it helps to have a few celebrities.
This tactic succeeded spectacularly during the “Jubilee 2000” campaign for debt
relief. By using Bono and other famous people to draw attention to the problem,
campaigners persuaded a record 25m people to sign their petition, which then pushed rich-
country governments into cancelling a large part of poor-country debt. 3_____________
Mr. O’Neill used to argue that aid was wasteful and created dependence; now he says that
rich countries should give grants, not loans.
4
_____________ A small increase in trade would make far more difference than a
proportionately similar rise in aid. Bono is ot very clear about how this could be done, but
DATA, the lobbying group he fronts, insists the rich world must lift quotas and duties on
African exports, and cut subsidies that harm Africa growers.
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 That would be helpful. But there is also a selfish case for ending protection: that it
would save taxpayers a fortune and make their food cheaper. 5_______________ the farm
bill that George Bush signed is expected to cost the average US household $4,377 over the
next decade. Poor Americans will suffer most, because they spend the largest share of their
incomes on food. This continues partly because voters are unaware of it. “Fair trade”
charities and their celebrities could surely stir a lot of people to angry protest over farm
subsidies if they tried. But being charitable people they prefer to make liberalization sound
like the sacrifice it is not.

Vocabulary 1: Trade and Lobbies

1. Put the words in the correct group. Use a dictionary to help you.

Fair trade subsidies celebrities aid tariff barriers campaigners

Duties petition exports debt relief protectionism
Charities quotas

International trade Lobbies

Exports Petition

2. Now use some of the words to complete the text.

The new networked lobbies

The Internet has proved an essential tool I organizing various groups of 1 campaigners. It
has given them, once organized, a powerful and very effective new weapon. Email makes it
easy to gather activists and bombard the target with singed 2____________ from around the
world. The internet has also played an important role in highlighting issues such as labour
and environmental conditions in trade, and 3____________ for the poorest countries. It has
also helped to increase the influence of 4____________ like Oxfam who criticize
5
_________, which restricts north-south trade. Many economists and governments agree
that it would be beneficial to the north to do business with the south rather than just giving
6
____________. They would also like to see the tearing down of some of the high 7_______
designed to make the 8_______________ from poor countries more expensive.
Governments and economists are willing to listen to te so-called ‘respectable’ face of protest,
like Oxfam, rather than to large groups of protesters who have sometimes used aggressive
and even violent tactics to draw attention to their cause.

Language Check: Modal verbs of obligation

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1. Look at the following sentences from the text. Which express:
a. Obligation, necessity or prohibition
b. Lack of obligation or prohibition
c. Advice or recommendation

1. Even if politicians in democracies don’t have to do what voters want, they generally
do take their opinion seriously.
2. …. Be nice to Africa, they must persuade voters to demand this.
3. …. He says ‘rich countries should give grants’.

Practice Look at the statements from a UK charity, which donates computers to

children in poor communities throughout the world and choose the best option
to compete the sentences.
1. There are many UK charities which provide computers to poor children in this country, so
we feel we ____________ worry about those children.
a. ought to b. need to c. don’t have to

2. We feel that we _______ concentrate our efforts in Africa.

a. must b. needn’t c. mustn’t

3. We realize that we _____________ just send computers to countries where there are no
technology teachers.
a. should b. shouldn’t c. needn’t

4. The children ____________ learn how to use them as well.

a. shouldn’t b. need to c. mustn’t

5. Therefore we ___________ send teachers to some developing countries.

a. have to b. don’t need to c. shouldn’t

6. If people wish to learn more about us they _________ visit our website.
a. must b. ought to c. have to

Career skills Making a case

A good way to influence people’s opinions is to find points they agree with
and then build on these to make your case. Look at the following phrases for
introducing ideas that you expect your friends to agree with.
It’s obvious that…… You have to remember that….
We all know that… don’t you think…?
Have you considered…..? Wouldn’t you agree that….?
I’m sure you must agree that…. Surely you can see…

Speaking: work in pairs. Choose one of the topic below. Prepare arguments either for
or against the topic chosen and present them to the class. Begin your
argument with points you think the class will agree with.
- Demonstrations are a waste of time
- Corruption is inevitable in politics
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 - Money is the only measure of success

Culture at work Attitudes to silence during discussions

In some cultures, when one person stops speaking another will start
straight away. In others it is a mark of respect to wait for silence until you
start to speak. Whereas in other cultures, several people can all speak at
the same time. How about in your country? What difficulties might these
differences cause in multicultural meetings?

Dilemma: Selling up or selling out?

Brief
Milton S Hershey founded Hershey foods, the USA’s biggest chocolate maker, in
1903. Mr. Hershey was a model employer who built a town for his employees with
comfortable homes, inexpensive public transport and good schools. In 1909 he established a
school for disadvantaged children. Many of company’s managers, including a former chief
executive, are graduates from the school. In 1918 he gave the school his entire fortune of
Hershey company shares. He put a board of trustees I charge of the school and its finances.
In July 2002 the school’s trustees announced their plan to sell the chocolate factory
to one of its competitors. Campaigners from the school, the company and former trust
members joined residents of the Hershey town, to protest against the sale. They were also
supported by the Pennsylvania state legal department. The board, who had never expected
such a reaction, were faced with a serious dilemma. To sell or not to sell.
Task 1
Work in pairs. Student A you are a member of the trust. You are convinced of the sound
financial reasons for selling. Student B, you are a resident of Hershey. You want to persuade
a trustee member that they should not sell the company.

Task 2
Discuss the case with your partner and try to reach a decision on whether or not the
company should be sold.

Write it up
Write a formal letter to the local newspaper explaining what the board of trustees should do
and why?

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Bibliography
Jones, Leo, Alexander, Richard. New International Business English Teacher's Book.
Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Betty Schrampfer Azar, Basic English Grammar, 2nd edition, Longman & Pearson, 2001.

Tappe, Tonya and Tullis, Graham. Intermmediate Business English, 5th edition, Longman &
Pearson, 2009

Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding And Using English Grammar, 2nd edition, Binarupa
Aksara, 1993,

Lin, Lougheed, Business Essentials B1, Oxford University Press, 2013.

2021 English for Business

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Biro Bahan Ajar eLearning dan MKCU
http://pbael.mercubuana.ac.id/