Solid State

ABOUT EDUCATORS

DR. SHARAD KOTHARI

• MSc., PhD, NET, JRF
• 18 year experience of IIT JEE in Organic Chemistry
• Ex. Senior Faculty of Vibrant Academy, Kota and Bansal Classes, Kota

PIYUSH MAHESHWARI
• BE (Hons.)
• 11+ year experience of IIT JEE in InorganicChemistry
• Author of 'Super Problems in Inorganic Chemistry',
• Ex. HOD Bansal Classes, Kota
• Ex. Senior Faculty of Vibrant Academy, Kota and Allen Career Institute, Kota

BRIJESH JINDAL
• BTech Jaipur MNIT
• 11+ year experience of IIT JEE in Physical Chemistry
• Ex. Senior Faculty of Vibrant Academy, Kota, Allen Career Institute, Kota and Bansal
Classes, Kota
 SOLID STATE

EXERCISE-1 (Subjective Questions)

r ts
r ts
Edge length and radius calculation of elements
eface-centred cubic lattice and the edge yofEthexunit cell ispe
Q.1 Xenon crystallises in the
x p ratom?
620 pm. What is the E
y i s t
tr cubic lattice structure. The edge length of theem
nearest neighbour distance and what is the radius of xenon

i scentered h
Q.2

h e
What m
Iron has body
is the radius of an iron atom?
C
unit cell is found to be 286 pm.

Q.3 CA closed packed structure of uniform spheres has the edge length of 534 pm. Calculate the radius of
sphere, if it exist in
(a) simple cubic lattice
t
(b) BCC lattice
s calculation of elements
(c) FCC lattice
r t s
er p e
xp from the fact that it has face centered cubic structure xwith two atoms
Density
Q.4 Calculate the density of diamond
per lattice point andE
y r y E
r unit cell edge length of 3.569 Å.
t into a structure which may be described by am
scrystallizes is t
Q.5
m
An elementi e cubic type of unit cell having one
e
hcell is 24×10 cm and density of element is 7.2 g cm C
atom h
on each corner of the cube and two atoms on one of its body diagonals. If the volume of this unit
C 200 g of element. –24 3 –3
, calculate the number of atoms present in

Q.6 Gold crystallizes in a face centered cubic lattice. If the length of the edge of the unit cell is 407 pm,

r ts ts
calculate the density of gold as well as its atomic radius assuming it to be spherical. Atomic mass of
e r
xp pe
gold = 197 amu.

Q.7
r y E E x
An element crystallizes in a structure having FCC unit cell of an edge 200 pm. Calculate the density, if

i st
200 g of this element contains 24×1023 atoms.
t r y
e meffective radius of the iron atom is 1.42 Å. It has FCC m
is
Ch(Fe = 56 amu) e
Q.8 The structure. Calculate its density

C h
Q.9 Iron occurs as bcc as well as fcc unit cell. If the effective radius of an atom of iron is 124 pm. Compute
the density of iron in both these structures.

Q.10
r ts
An element A (Atomic weight = 100) having bcc structure has unit cell edge length 400 pm. Calculate the

p e
density of A and number of unit cells and number of atoms in 10 gm of A.

E x
radius of 144 pm and the density of silver is 10.6 g cm . To which typerofts
r y
Q.11 Silver has an atomic
crystal, silvertbelongs?
–3

p e cubic

i s E x
e m Formula of compound from unit cell description ry
t
Q.12 h s
A cubic solid is made up of two elements A and B. Atoms B are at the icorners
C body centre. What is the formula of compound. em
of the cube and A at the

h
Clattice in which gold occupy that lattice point
Q.13 A compound alloy of gold and copper crystallizes in a cubic
at corners of the cube and copper atom occupy the centres of each of the cube faces. What is the
formula of this compound. Page # 1
 SOLID STATE
Q.14 A cubic solid is made by atoms A forming close pack arrangement, B occupying one fourth of tetrahedral
void and C occupying half of the octahedral voids. What is the formula of compound.
r ts
r ts in rutile, a mineral that contain Titanium and oxygen, p e
e array of oxide ions, with titanium in one half ofx
Q.15 What is the percent by mass of titanium if structure

x
can be described as a closest p packed
r y E the octahedral

y E
holes. What is the oxidation number of titanium?
i s t
i s tr class of oxides consisting of two types of metal
Q.16 Spinel is an important
e m ions with the oxide ions arranged

e
in CCPm C
pattern. The normal spinel has one-eight of the tetrahedral hof metal
holes occupied by one type of metal
h
CZn , Al and O , with Zn in the tetrahedral holes. Give the formulae of spinel.
ion and
2+
one half
3+
of the octahedral
2–
hole
2+
occupied by another type ion. Such a spinel is formed by

Q.17 In a cubic closed packed structure of mixed oxides the lattice is made up of oxide ions, one eighth of

s ts
tetrahedral voids are occupied by divalent ions (A2+) while one half of the octahedral voids occupied
t r
r pe
trivalent ions (B3+). What is the formula of the oxide?
p e x
x y E
Crystal structure of ionic compound [Radius ratio, Edge length & density calculations]
E
Q.18
r y t r
KF crystallizes in the NaCl type structure. If the radius of K+ ions 132 pm and that of F– ion is 135 pm,
s
i st i
what is the shortest K–F distance? What is the edge length of the unit cell? What is the closet K–K
m
Q.19 h
e m
distance?
h e
C Unit cell edge length of CsCl arrangement is 400 pm. CalculateCthe interionic distance in CsCl.
Q.20 A crystal of lead(II) sulphide has NaCl structure. In this crystal the shortest distance between Pb+2 ion
and S2– ion is 297 pm. What is the length of the edge of the unit cell in lead sulphide? Also calculate the
unit cell volume.
r ts ts
corners and Cs ions atx
p e
Q.21 If the length of the body diagonal –
e
for CsCl which crystallises into a cubic structure with Cl ions rat the

y E + +
x p
the centre of the unit cells is 7 Å and the radius of the Cs ion is 1.69 Å, what is

t r
the radii of Cl ion? –

r y E
m ischloride structure Cesium and chloride ions are in contact alongithestbody diagonal of the unit
e Theof length
Q.22 In Cesium
of the side of the unit cell is 412 pm and Cl ion hasm
hcell. –
e a radius of 181 pm. Calculate the
C Ch
radius Cs +
ion.

Q.23 A solid A+ and B– had NaCl type closed packed structure. If the anion has a radius of 250 pm, what
should be the ideal radius of the cation? Can a cation C+ having a radius of 180 pm be slipped into the
tetrahedral site of the crystal of A+B– ? Give reasons for your answer.

r ts
pe
Q.24 If the radius of Mg2+ ion, Cs+ ion, O2– ion, S2– ion and Cl– ion are 0.65 Å , 1.69 Å, 1.40 Å, 1.84 Å, and

and CsCl.
E x r ts
1.81 Å respectively. Calculate the co-ordination numbers of the cations in the crystals of MgS, MgO

t r y p e
m is
Q.25 Prove that the void space percentage in zinc blende structure is 25%.

y E x
h e :
[Assume
rZn 2
]  0.225
i s tr
C rS2 
e m
cm . 3
C h
Q.26 KF has NaCl type structure. What is the distance between K and + –
F in KF if density of KF is 2.48 gm/

Q.27 Rbl crystallizes in cubic structure in which each Rb+ is surrounded by eight iodide ions each of radius
2.17 Å. Find the length of one side of RbI unit cell. Page # 2
 SOLID STATE
Q.28 + –
The two ions A and B have radii 88 and 200 pm respectively. In the closed packed crystal of compound
AB, predict the co-ordination number of A+.
r ts
Q.29 The density of KBr is 2.75 g cm r. The t s length of the edge of the unit cell is 654 pm. ShowxpthateKBr has
p e –3

y E
x
face centered cubic structure.
E t r
y i s
str
(N = 6.023 ×10 mol 23 –1
, At. mass : K = 39, Br = 80)

i h e m
Q.30 KCle
h m
crystallizes
C
in the same type of lattice as does NaCl. Given that
r 
Na 0.5
and
r 
Na 0.7
Calculate:
C(a) The ratio of the sides of unit cell for KCl to that for NaCl and
rCl  rK 

(b) The ratio of densities of NaCl to that for KCl.

Q.31
ts r t
A unit cell of sodium chloride has four formula units. The edge of length of the unit cell is 0.564 nm.s
er
What is the density of sodium chloride.

x p x pe
y E r yE
In a cubic crystal of CsCl (density = 3.97 gm/cm3) the eight corners are occupied by Cl– ions with Cs+
t
Q.32

st r i s
ions at the centre. Calculate the distance between the neighbouring Cs+ and Cl– ions.
i
e m AB crystallizes in rock salt structure. The ionic e
h m +

Ch100 pm respectively and if atomic masses of A and B areC200 & 120 respectively then calculate the
Q.33 A compound radius of A and B¯ are 60 pm and

x
value of x if density of the crystal = gm/cm3.
3. 2

r ts ts
Q.34
e
Calculate the value of Avogadro’s number from the following data:
r
E xp
Density of NaCl = 2.165 gm cm–3
Distance between Na+ and Cl– in NaCl = 281 pm.
x pe
try y E
Q.35 The m
i s Defect in solid crystals
i tr
siron is present in the form of
h e e
0.93 1.0
m
composition of a sample of iron oxide is Fe O . What percentage of

C Chof cation vacancies?

Fe(III)?

–3
Q.36 If NaCl is doped with 10 mol % SrCl , what is the numbers
2

Q.37 A metal 'M' having atomic mass 31.25 crystallizes in cubic close packing and it shows "Schottky defects".

s
If the edge length of the cubic lattice is 500 pm and density of the metal is 1.6075 gm/ml then calculate

r t
number of moles of metal atom 'M' missing per litre of the crystal.
Given : 1amu = 1.67 × 10–24 gm
x pe t s
r y E e r
p
Q.38 Calculate the average total number of ions in sphalerite structure per unit cell if there is a Shottky defect

is
of (1) anion per t unit cell.
x
e m r E
ydensity if
h
Q.39 Calcium
s t
crystallises in face-centred cubic unit cell with a = 0.556 nm. Calculate
C (i)(ii)ititcontained i
em
0.1 % Frenkel defect.
contained 0.1 % Schottky defect.
C h
Q.40 AgCl has the same structure as that of NaCl. The edge length of unit cell of AgCl is found to be 555 pm
and the density of AgCl is 5.561 g cm–3. Find the percentage of sites that are unoccupied.
Page # 3
 SOLID STATE

EXERCISE-2 (Objective Questions)

r ts
Q.1
er ts
[SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]
x pe
A solid has a structure in which W atoms are located at the corners of a cubic lattice, O atom at the
p E
x try
centre of the edges and Na atom at centre of the cubic. The formula for the compound is
E s
try i
(A) NaWO2 (B) NaWO3 (C) Na2WO3 (D) NaWO4

i sof CaF (fluorite structure) is 3.18 g/cm . The lengthhofethemside of the unit cell is
m
Q.2 The density 3

e C
2

h
(A) 253 pm (B) 344 pm (C) 546 pm (D) 273 pm

Q.3 CWhich of the following statements is correct in the rock-salt structure of an ionic compounds?
(A) coordination number of cation is four whereas that of anion is six.
(B) coordination number of cation is six whereas that of anion is four.
ts r ts
r pe
(C) coordination number of each cation and anion is four.

p e
(D) coordination number of each cation and anion is six.
x
x E
Q.4
y E try
The coordination number of cation and anion in Fluorite CaF2 and CsCl are respectively

str i s
i
(A) 8:4 and 6:3 (B) 6:3 and 4:4 (C) 8:4 and 8:8 (D) 4:2 and 2:4

Q.5
he
The m
interstitial hole is called tetrahedral because
hem
C (A) It is formed by four spheres.
(B) Partly same and partly different.
C
(C) It is formed by four spheres the centres of which form a regular tetrahedron.
(D) None of the above three.

r ts ts
e r
xp pe
Q.6 The tetrahedral voids formed by ccp arrangement of Cl– ions in rock salt structure are
(A) Occupied by Na+ ions (B) Occupied by Cl– ions

r y E
(C) Occupied by either Na+ or Cl– ions (D) Vacant
E x
i stof nearest neighbours around each particle in a face-centredicubic
tr y is
Q.7
4m
The number
e s lattice

h
(A) (B) 6 (C) 8
e m (D) 12
C If the anions (A) form hexagonal closest packing and cationsC(C)hoccupy only 2/3 octahedral voids in it,
Q.8
then the general formula of the compound is
(A) CA (B) CA2 (C) C2A3 (D) C3A2

Q.9
ts
A solid is formed and it has three types of atoms X, Y, Z. X forms a FCC lattice with Y atoms occupying
r
pe
all the tetrahedral voids and Z atoms occupying half the octahedral voids. The formula of the solid is:
(A) X2Y4Z
E x (B) XY2Z4 (C) X4Y2Z (D) X4YZ2
r ts
tr ycompound LiAg crystallizes in cubic lattice in which both lithium andpesilver have
s number of eight. The crystal class is
Q.10 The intermetallic
i E x
h m
coordination
e
(A) Simple cubic (B) End centred cubic
tr y
C (C) Face centred cubic
i s
(D) Hexagonal closed pack
m
celleedge length of 480 pm. If the radius of
Q.11 A compound XY crystallizes in simple cubic lattice with unith
–
Y is 225 pm, then the radius of X is
(A) 127.5 pm
+

(B) 190.68 pm
C
(C) 225 pm (D) 255 pm
Page # 4
 SOLID STATE
Q.12 The mass of a unit cell of CsCl corresponds to
(A) 1 Cs+ and 1 Cl– (B) 1 Cs+ and 6 Cl– (C) 4 Cs+ and 4 Cl– (D) 8 Cs+ and 1 Cl–
r ts
er ts x pe
Q.13
p E
In the closest packing of atoms A (radius : ra), the radius of atom B that can be fitted
x try
into tetrahedral voids is
E s
try i
(A) 0.155 ra (B) 0.225 ra (C) 0.414 ra (D) 0.732 ra

Q.14 Which oneiof mof equal sized spheres do not

sthe following schemes of ordering closed packedhesheets
h e m
generate close packed lattice. C (D) ABCBCABCBC
C (A) ABCABC (B) ABACABAC (C) ABBAABBA

Q.15 An ionic compound AB has ZnS type structure. If the radius A+ is 22.5 pm, then the ideal radius of B–
would be
ts r ts
r pe
(A) 54.35 pm (B) 100 pm (C) 145.16 pm (D) none of these

p e x
Q.16
x y E
NH4Cl crystallizes in a simple cubic type lattice with a unit cell edge length of 387 pm. The distance
E
r y
between the oppositively charged ions in the lattice is
t i s tr
i s
(A) 335.1 pm (B) 83.77 pm (C) 274.46 pm (D) 137.23 pm
mtetrahedral voids. If edge length
e m
Q.17 In diamond,
h h e
carbon atom occupy FCC lattice points as well as alternate

C (A) 77.07 pm
of the unit cell is 356 pm, then radius of carbon atom is
(B) 154.14 pm
C (D) 89 pm
(C) 251.7 pm

Q.18 Which of the following will show schottky defect

(A) CaF2 (B) ZnS
r t s (C) AgCl (D) CsCl
t s
e
ofpcopper lattice without disturbing it.
Q.19 Copper metal crystallizes in FCC
e r
x
lattice. Edge length of unit cell is 362 pm. The radius of largest atom

E (B) 45 pm
that can fit into the voids
y (D) 60 pm x
p
(A) 53 pm
tr (C) 93 pm
r y E
m iscell, what fraction of edge is not covered by atoms? ist
h e0.134
Q.20 In FCC unit
(A) (B) 0.24 (C) 0.293
e m (D) None of these
C Ch then the number of atoms of Na and
Q.21 Na and Mg crystallize in BCC and FCC type crystals respectively.
Mg present in the unit cell of their respective crystal is
(A) 4 and 2 (B) 9 and 14 (C) 14 and 9 (D) 2 and 4

r ts
pe
Q.22 How many unit cells are present in a cube- shaped ideal crystal of NaCl of mass 1.00 g

E x
[Atomic masses: Na = 23. Cl = 35.5]
r ts
tr y
(A) 2.57 × 1021 unit cells (B) 5.14 × 1021 unit cells
pe
is x
(C) 1.28 × 1021 unit cells (D) 1.71 × 1021 unit cells
Q.23
em ryE
In a solid “AB” having NaCl structure “A” atoms occupy the corners of the cubic unit cell. If all the

C h i s t
face-centred atoms along one of the axes are removed, then the resultant stoichiometry of the solid is
(A) AB2 (B) A2B (C) A4B3

h e m (D) A3B4

Q.24
(A) 12 (B) 4 (C) 8 C
The coordination number of a metal crystallising in a hcp structure is
(D) 6

Page # 5
 SOLID STATE
Q.25 A substance AxBy crystallises in a FCC lattice in which atoms “A” occupy each corner of the cube and atoms

r ts
“B” occupy the centres of each face of the cube. Identify the correct composition of the substance AxBy.
(A) AB3
(C) A3B
e r t s (B) A4B3
x
(D) composition cannot be specified pe
p
x[REASONING TYPE] try E
Q.26 Statement-1 : r
E
yis more likely to show schottky defect, while LiImis more
i s likely to show Frenkel
i t
s defect.
KCl
e
m : Schottky defect is more likely in ionic solids inh
h e
Statement-2
Clikely is which cations and anions have
which cations and anions are of

C comparable size while Frenkel defect is more

large differences in their ionic sizes.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1

ts r ts
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.

r pe
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.

p e x
x
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

E temperature increases the density of point defectstry E

y
Q.27 Statement-1 :rIncreasing
is and has S > 0.
i st: The process of formation of point defects in solids inmendothermic
h(A) m
Statement-2
e Statement-1
h e
is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1
C (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 isC
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.

(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

r ts ts
e
Q.28 Statement-1 : Distance between nearest lattice points in BCC is greater than the same in FCC having
r
E xp
same edge length .
x pe
y
Statement-2 : FCC has greater packing efficiency than BCC.
r yE
i st tr
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1

i s
em
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
m
Ch e
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Ch
[MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE]

Q.29
s
Which of the following statements is/are correct :
r t
pe
(A) The coordination number of each type of ion in CsCl is 8.
(B)A metal that crystallises in BCC structure has a coordination number 12.

E x
(C) A unit cell of an ionic crystal shares some of its ions with other unit cells
r ts
tr y
(D) The length of the unit cell in NaCl is 552 pm.
pe
m is
[ rNa = 95 pm ; rCl  = 181 pm ]
y E x
h e
Q.30 Which
In an anti-fluorite structure anions form FCC lattice and cationsis
of the following statements is/are correct : tr
C (A) e m occupy all tetrahedral voids.
(B)
crystal is 4.
C h
If the radius of cations and anions are 0.2 Å and 0.95 Å then coordinate number of cation in the
s
(C) An atom/ion is transferred from a lattice site to an interstitial position in Frenkel defect.
(D) Density of crystal always increases due to substitutional impurity defect.
Page # 6
 SOLID STATE
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.31 Match the column:
r ts
Column I
er ts Column II
x pe
p E
x try
(A) Rock salt structure (P) Co-ordination number of cation is 4

E s
i s try 3a
emi
m Ch
(B) Zinc Blend structure (Q) = r+ + r–
e 4

Ch (C) Flourite structure (R) Co-ordination number of cation and anion

are same

s ats
er t (S) r
pe 2
Distance between two nearest anion is
x p E x
stryE
i s try
mi em
e h
Ch C

r ts ts
e r
E xp x pe
ry yE
i st i s tr
em m
Ch Ch
e

r ts
xpe ts
yE r
is tr x pe
em ryE
C h i s t
hem
C
Page # 7
 SOLID STATE

r ts
er ts EXERCISE-1
x pe
438.5 pm, 219.25 pm xp yE
Q.1
E
y188.8 pm
Q.2 123.84 pm
i s tr
Q.3
tr
267 pm, 231.2 pm,
3.472 × 10isatoms
Q.4 3.5 g cm
19.4g/cme,m
–3

m gh
Q.5 24 Q.6 3
143.9 pm
Q.7
h e
41.67 g cm –3

Q.9 C7.887 g/cc , 8.59 gm/cm

3
Q.8 C
5.74 cm –3

3 22 22
Q.10 5.188 gm/cm , 6.023×10 atoms of A, 3.0115×10 unit cells
Q.11 FCC

ts
Q.12 A-B
r ts
r pe
Q.13 AuCu3 Q.14 A4B2C2

p e x
x
Q.15 59.95%, +4 Q.16 ZnAl2O4
E
yE try
Q.17 AB2O4 Q.18 267 pm, 534 pm, 378 pm
Q.19
str
346.4 pm
i
Q.20
i s
a =5.94×10–8cm, V=2.096×10–22 cm3
Q.21

hem1.81Å Q.22
em
175.8 pm
h
Q.23
C
Q.27
103.4 pm, No
4.34 Å
Q.24
Q.28
4, 6, 8
6
C
Q.26 2.685 Å
Q.30 (a) 1.143, (b) 1.172
Q.31 2.16 gm/cm3 Q.32 3.57 Å Q.33 200

s
Q.34 6.05×1023 Q.35 15.053 Q.36 6.02 × 1018 mol–1
Q.37 2
er t
Q.38 6
ts
Q.39 (i) 1.5455 g/cm3 (ii) 1.5440 g/cm3
Q.40 0.24%
xp EXERCISE-2 per
ryE E x
i s t try
B m
e i s C
Q.1
Q.5 h
Q.2 C Q.3 D

hemQ.4

C
Q.9
C
A
Q.6
Q.10
D
A
Q.7
Q.11
D
BC
Q.8
Q.12 A
C

Q.13 B Q.14 C Q.15 B Q.16 A

Q.17 A Q.18 D Q.19 A Q.20 C
Q.21 D
r ts
Q.22 A Q.23 D Q.24 A

pe
Q.25 A Q.26 A Q.27 A Q.28 A
Q.29 ACD
E x Q.30 A, C Q.31 (A) R,S (B) P,Q,R,S (C) Q
r ts
tr y pe
mis yE x
he i s tr
C em
C h
Page # 8