Psy 6
that is hypothalamus, whereas pituitary
Sep 6, 2021
Topic 1
Intro to Physiological Psychology
Physiological psychology is the oldest name for
Neuroscience, and now has several other terms
are now in general use such as biological,
biopsychology, and behavioral neuroscience.
DIVISION OF BIOPSYCHOLOGY
1. Physiological- studies neural
mechanisms of behavioral through
direct manipulation of the brain of
non-human subjects for experiment.
2. Psychopharmacology- effects of drugs
on the brain and behavior ( drug
researches- therapeutic)—animals.
3. Neuropsychology – psychological
effects of brain damage on human
patients. (case studies- experiments-
animals)
4. Psychophysiology – studies between
physiological activity and psychological
processes in human subjects. (EEG-
brain scan) to determine a deficit as to
a structure of human brain resulting to
abnormalities in terms of behaviors.
5. Comparative psychology- compare the
behavior of different species ( genes/
evolution and adaptiveness of behavior)
DICIPLINES OF NEUROSCIENCE
-BIOPSYCHOLOGY
1. Neuroanatomy- study of the structure
of the nervous system.
2. Neurochemistry- study of chemical
bases of neural activity.
3. Neuroendocrinology- study of the
interactions between the NS(nervous
system) and ES(endocrine system)
There is a particular structure of human
brain that is responsible in controlling
and regulating endocrine activities and
gland is the master of the gland of
body.
4. Neuropathology – this studies NS
disorders.
5. Neuropharmacology- effects of the
drugs on neural activity. (parkinson’s
disease, black cells of the human brain
accountably dying less dopamine will
produced and will penetrate in striatum
where it plays a human role to bodily
activities.)
6. Neurophysiology- functions and
activities of the NS. (cerebellum is
regarded as the brain structure that is
responsible for regulating the
movement of the body, losing balance
has something to do with this,)
TWO OTHER FIELDS OTHEN OVERLAP WITH
THAT OF PHYSIOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY:
a. Neurology- neurologist are physicians
involved in the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases of the nervous
system.
b. Experimental neuropsychology –
scientist with PH. D. in psychology and
specialized training in the principles and
procedures of neurology.
WHAT PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGIST DOES?
Physiology psychologists study behavior
phenomena that can be observed in non-
human animals.
-they attempt to understand the physiology of
behavior: role of the NS, interacting with the
rest of the body in controlling behavior.
-they also study topics as sensory processes
sleep, emotional, ingestive, aggressive, sexual
,parental behavior and learning and memory.
-study animal models of disorders that afflict
humans such as anxiety, depression and more.
A psychiatrist(patients) is a medical doctor and
prescribes medical drugs. Psychologists (client)
are the MA in Psychology that passes the
licensure exam, we only deal on psychotherapy
and never administer psychiatric drug.
THE NATURE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. Physiological psychologists believe that
the mind is a function performed by
the brain.
2. Study of human brain functions has
helped them gain some insight into the
nature of human consciousness which
appears to be related to the language
of functions of the brain.
3. Scinetits attempt to explain natural
phenomena by means of
generalization and reduction. Because
physiological psychologists use the
methods of psychology and physiology,
they employ both types of explanations
4. Descartes developed the first model to
explain how the brain controls
movement. Subsequently, investigators
tested their ideas with scientific
experiments.
5. Darwin’s theory of evolution with its
emphasis in function, helps
physiological psychologists discover
the relations between, brain
mechanism , behaviors, and an
organism’s adaptation to its
environment.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH WITH ANIMALS.
i. Using animals made the discoveries
about the possible causes of
potential treatment of neurological
and mental disorders.
ii. Some suggest to use tissue cultures
or computers rather than animal
laboratory labs, unfortunately none
of it were substituted for living
organisms.
iii. The easiest way to justify research
with animals is to point the
potential benefits to human
health.
________END_____
Philosophical and physiological roots of human
behavior (under cognitive science)
Topic 2
Experimental psychologist, John Watson best
known of behaviorism. He experimented on
young albert and demonstrated that acquisition
of a phobia could be explained by classical
conditioning. (Claustrophobia- closed places
agora phobia- open places)
Acc to:
Give him a dozen of children if he raise them,
regardless of race, ancestors and parents, he
can teach him and change their traits.
BF skinner’s early experiment produced pigeons
that could dance, do figure 8 and play tennis.
Now known as the father of behavioral science.
He eventually went to prove that human
behavior could be conditioned in much the
same way as animal.
- He proved that human condition can be
conditioned the same way as done to
the animals.
New scientist suggest that sense of humor is a
learned trait, influenced by family and cultural
environment and not genetically determined.
Meaning even if parents are humorous it is not
inherited thus developed.
Not all traits that you have are inherited to C. Animism- stems from man’s
your parents, parts are from grandparents and awareness of existence, all
ancestors things including inanimate
objects have indwelling souls.

FOUR CATEGORIES OF THE BIOLOGICAL

PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR
 1400-1700( CONFLICT)
1. Physiological
A. Cartesian Dualism- proposed by
Relates behavior to the activity of
Rene Descartes that gave one
the brain and other organs
part of the universe to science
2. Ontogenetic
and the other part of church.
This describes the development of
( self and body are two distinct
a structure or a behavior . ( genes,
personalities)
nutrition, experience[when you
2 elements of universe
imitate] and interactions)
 Physical matter- material(body) of
3. Evolutionary
animals/ humans were machines
Examines a behavior in terms of
Behaves according to law of nature
evolutionary history. ( when people
 Spiritual matter(mind/soul/spirit)
are scared we get goosebump)
Soul-controls human behavior and
4. Functional Explanation
has the power to move the body in
Explains the reason why structure
controlling the operations of the
or behavior evolved.
brain.
B. Monism -monism consists of
unified whole thus, the mind is
TOPIC 3
phenomenon produced by
RESEARCH METHOD USED IN
makings of body.
PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
 Mind is consequence of the
functioning to the body and its Types of research
interactions with the environment
 Pure research( describe existing
 Mind/soul are not part of the
phenomenon)
universe
 Applied research (utilization and
PRINCIPLES ON THE application to real life)
PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF HUMAN
THE GOAL OF RESEARCH
BEHAVIOR TO MONISM
 The goal of all scientist is to explain the
a. Materialism - everything that exist is
phenomena they study. Has two
material/physical
forms : generalization and reduction.
b. Mentalism - only mind exists, and
 Most psychologist deal with
physical matter exist because we only
generalization. They explain particular
think about it
instances of behavior as examples of
c. Identity position - mental process are
general law, which they deduce from
same with the brain processes but
their experiment. (inductive mode of
describe different terms.
thinking)
  Most physiologists Deal with reduction ________END_______ sep 13, 2021
they explain complex phenomenon in
Between subject design refers to how the IV is
terms of simpler ones.(deductive mode
manipulated and 2 groups will be exposed in
of thinking)
both condition and DV but different in IV

Within subject design refers to how one group

In logic, we often refer to the two broad
will be chosen and will be exposed to both IV
methods of reasoning as the deductive and
and DV.
inductive approaches. Deductive reasoning
works from the more general to the more
specific. ... Inductive reasoning works the
other way, moving from specific
observations to broader generalizations and
theories.

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

 A logical system to evaluate data

derived from systematic observation.
- Inductive First data then theory
- Deductive First theory then evaluation

RESEARCH METHOD USED:

a. Experiments
cause and effect relationship between
different variables
 REQUIRMENTS :
1. LABORATORY ROOM
2. EXPERIMENT ITSELF (2 OR MORE
CONDITIONS /SUBJECTS WILL BE
TESTED
- VARIABLE GROUPS
 DEPENDENT -experimental
 INDEPENDENT- controlled
3. Subjects
Between subject design( diff group)
or within subject design ( same
group)
b. Quasi-experimental studies
Subject themselves can decide or not
in which group they would be in.
c. Case study
In depth analysis of the single
individual.