ABSTRACT

Subject: Political Science.

Project Topic: Policy of non alignment and its relevance.

INTRODOUCTION:

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an international organization (group of countries)

who do not want to be officially aligned(friends) with or against any major power bloc (group
of countries). In 2017, the movement had 125 members and 25 observercountries.

The group was started in Belgrade in 1961. It was created by Yugoslavia’s President, Josip

Broz Tito, India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, Egypt’s second President, Gamal
Abdel Nasser, Ghana’s first president Kwame Nkrumah, and Indonesia’s first
President, Sukarno. All five leaders believed that developing countries should not help either
the Western or Eastern blocs in the Cold War. They also believed that developing countries
should not be capitalist or communist, but should try to find a different way to help their
people.

The Havana Declaration of 1979 said that the purpose of the organization is to help countries
keep their “the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-
aligned countries” in their “struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-
colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference
or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics.” This means that they wanted
to govern their countries without the capitalist or communist countries telling them how.

The countries of the non-aligned movement are nearly two-thirds of the United Nations’s
members and 55% of the world population.

The movement stems from a desire not to be aligned within a geopolitical/military structure
and therefore itself does not have a very strict organizational structure. Some organizational
basics were defined at the 1996 Cartagena Document on Methodology .The Summit
Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned States is “the highest decision
making authority”. The chairmanship rotates between countries and changes at every summit
of heads of state or government to the country organizing the summit.
Requirements for membership of the Non-Aligned Movement coincide with the key beliefs
of the United Nations. The current requirements are that the candidate country has displayed
practices in accordance with the ten “Bandung principles” of 1955:

 Respect for fundamental human rights and for the purposes and principles of
the Charter of the United Nations.
 Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.
 Recognition of the movements for national independence.
 Recognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all nations, large and
small.
 Abstention from intervention or interference in the internal affairs of another country.
 Respect for the right of each nation to defend itself singly or collectively, in
conformity with the Charter of the United Nations.
 Refraining from acts or threats of aggression or the use of force against the territorial
integrity or political independence of any country.
 Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means, in conformity with the
Charter of the United Nations.
 Promotion of mutual interests and co-operation.
 Respect for justice and international obligations.
Submitted by

Shaik Javvad Ur Rahaman

2017083

2nd Semister