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Home » Instrumentation Earthing

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Instrumentatio
n Earthing

Transfer of the immediate discharge of

the electrical energy directly to the earth
by means of the low resistance path is
known as the earthing.

Instrumentation Earthing

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 X X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
P L C TU T ORI AL S
PLC TUT O R I A L S
Drilling process is one the example Program in PLC
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
Conditions: Start PB is to start the process. At initi…
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…

Main objective of the earthing system in

plant is described as below:

It provides low impedance path to

ensure the proper function of
system under fault condition

It ensures that personnel are not

exposed to unsafe potential due to
uncleared fault

It ensures compliance to EMC

requirements

IS earth avoids ignition sources in

Hazardous Area.

Items or equipment which require

earthing, are but not limited to below,

field instruments,
control system cabinets,
analyzer shelters,
junction boxes,
enclosures,
ducts,
cable trays,
stanchions,
field local panels,
Consoles,
Motors,
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 X vessels, X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
pipes,
P L C TU T ORI AL S

Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions steel

Drillingstructure, etc.
process is one the example Program in PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
Conditions: Start PB is to start the process. At initi…
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
This article mainly focuses on earthing
requirements for instrumentation items
of any industrial plant.

Types
There are mainly 3 types of earthing
systems provided for instrumentation.

1. Safety Earth (SE) / Dirty Earth /

Protective Earth / Electrical Earth /
Power Earth
2. Instrument Earth (IE) / Electronic
Earth / Reference Earth / Clean Earth
/ Signal Earth
3. Intrinsic Safety (IS) Earth for IS circuit.
This is only required when you have
IS instruments.

Instrument Earth
The primary aim of the instrument
earth/signal earth is to provide a low
impedance path to the noise currents
induced by RFI/EMI, which may result in
the induction of faulty unwanted noise
signals into the analog signals.

Shields of Single pair /Multi pair analog

instrument signal cables are connected
to this earth (IE).

Safety Earth
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 Undetected
X earth faults pose safety risks X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
to personnel also
P L C TU T ORI AL S may lead to safety
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions hazards such
Drilling process is one theas
example equipment
Program in PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
malfunctions, fire,
Conditions: Start PB isand
to startelectric
the process.shock.
At initi…

That is why we need electrical earth /

Safety earth.

Earth Resistance
Allowable earth resistance as per codes
or control system vendor
recommendation should be considered
for Instrument Earthing system design.

Below is a reference table that can be

updated based on the project-specific
requirement.

There should be isolation between each

type of earthing mentioned above. If
there is no isolation which means that
the purpose of the above earthing
requirement will not be fulfilled.

There are mainly two areas in which

earthing system is envisaged.

1. Indoor (Building like control room,

Switch-gear rooms etc where
cabinets/panels/consoles etc are
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 X 2. Outdoor (Process area where X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
instruments
P L C TU T ORI AL S and related installation

Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions items

Drilling are installed)
process is one the example Program in PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
Conditions: Start PB is to start the process. At initi…
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
Control panels inside the control room
fall under the Indoor type. Depending
upon the cabinet’s functions each type of
earthing bars are provided.

Control room equipment including

system cabinet & marshaling cabinets,
power distribution panels, Packaged
control system cabinets, Workstations,
Auxiliary consoles, printers, etc. should
be considered for earthing requirement.

e.g. System and marshaling cabinets

should have – SE, IE and IS Earth bars.

Network cabinets / server cabinets /

Power distribution panel should have –
SE only.

Within the Cabinet, the Instrument

Earth bar shall be isolated from the
Safety Earth bar by mounting the
Instrument Earth bar on insulating
buses.

All the instrument earth bars in the

cabinets should be connected to a
common instrument earth bar provided
in the false floor / Cable cellar using an
insulated redundant copper conductor
cables.

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 This
X common Instrument Earth bar shall X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
be further connected
P L C TU T ORI AL S to the nearest
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions Instrument earth
Drilling process is onegrid using
the example copper
Program in PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
cables.
Conditions: Start PB is to start the process. At initi…

It should be agreed with the Control

system supplier for earthing philosophy
of Cabinet’s earth bar connection with
the building earth bar network. E.g. Star
connection or series connection.

Earthing philosophy should cover Scope

of supply, grounding wire/strip sizes,
earth stud size, wire color as a minimum.

Series Earth Connectivity

Start / point to point Earth

connectivity

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 All
X the safety earth bars in the cabinets X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
shouldP Lbe
C TUconnected
T ORI AL S to a common safety
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions earthDrilling
bar process
provided
is one in the false
the example floor
Program /
in PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
CableConditions:
cellar using
Start PB isinsulated redundant
to start the process. At initi…

copper conductor cables.

This common Safety Earth bar shall be

further connected to the nearest safety
earth grid using copper cables. The Main
Earth grid conductor size can be
calculated based on the desired fault
current within the required time to be
earthed.

Ultimately, this network/grid is

connected to earth pits. The surrounding
soil of the earth pit must be kept moist.
The effect of the soil temperature on soil
resistivity is more influencing near and
below the freezing point, which will result
in the installation of the earth electrode
at the depth to which frost will not
penetrate.

Good Practices
Cable shield shall be insulated and
floated at the field instrument side
(Cut and Tape). Cable Shield is the
drain wire attached with Aluminum
Mylar or metal braid cover on the
instrument signal cables i.e. 4-20 mA
analog signal, low voltage digital
signals, etc

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 X Main cable (i.e. from Junction box X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
and control
P L C TU T ORI AL S room) shields shall be

Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions grounded atis one

Drilling process onetheplace
examplei.e. control
Program in PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
system
Conditions:end Instrument
Start PB earthAt bar
is to start the process. initi…

Isolated type. All the connections to

the Instrument Earth bar within the
cabinet shall be of screw type of
non-corrosive metal.

Similarly, for IS cable, individual and

overall shield shall be connected to the IS
earth bar inside the cabinet.

Ensure continuity of all earth cables up

to earth bar & up to earth pits.

Cable armors shall be earthed at

both ends for lightning protection i.e.
at the junction box and at the control
system end. Since the Junction box
body and Control system cabinet
body is connected to the Safety earth
bar, cable armors are ultimately
connected to the safety earth.

All instruments (24V DC or 110 V

/220V AC operated) body should be
earthed to the nearest field safety
earth bar located on the Steel
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 X Earth continuity should be ensured X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
PLC TUT O R I A L S
between
P L C TU T ORItray,
AL S tray fittings, and tray
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions sections. This
Drilling process is onewill be ensured
the example Program in by
PLC
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…
Earth cable/strips
Conditions: Start PB is toat every
start 25 meters
the process. At initi…

of tray length.

Earth bar connection should be such

that painting should not act as bad
contact between earth bar and
Structure. Continuity shall be
ensured.

Junction Box Earthing (Safety Earth)

Transmitter Earthing (Safety Earth)

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 X X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
P L C TU T ORI AL S
PLC TUT O R I A L S
Drilling process is one the example Program in PLC
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
Conditions: Start PB is to start the process. At initi…
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…

Junction Box shield Termination on

Isolated Instrument Earth terminals

Instrument Cable Tray Earthing (Safety

Earth)

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 X X
PLC Practice Questions Drilling Process using PLC Program
P L C TU T ORI AL S
PLC TUT O R I A L S
Drilling process is one the example Program in PLC
Explain what the following PLC Practice Questions
using RSLOGIX 500. PLC Drilling Machine Step
on “ladder-logic” circuit does, and identify the
Conditions: Start PB is to start the process. At initi…
meaning of each symbol in the diagram: PLC Pr…

Instrument Earth inside the Control

System cabinet (Isolated from Safety
Earth)

Safety Earth inside the Control system

cabinet (Non Isolated)

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