NON FINITE VERB FORMS

INFINITIVE GERUND PARTICIPLE

(Present -> V-ing)
(Past -> V3)
Infinitive: Short infinitive: to
Long infinitive: to

Infinitive Forms: Simple: to write

Continuous: to be writing
Perfect: to have written
Passive Voice: TO BE+V3: to be written

Short Infinitive:
After: 1) Modal Verbs
e.g: He can dance well

2) MAKE, LET, HELP (both forms)

e.g: He made me laugh.
Let me go!
I helped carry/to carry the leggage.

3) sensitive: SEE, HEAR, FEEL

e.g: I saw her cry.
He heard me laugh.
I felt her tramble.

4) after the expressions:

HAD BETTER (warning)
WOULD RATHER (preferance)
WOULD SOONER
 e.g: You had better go than stay.
I would rather go than stay. (one subject)
I prefer going TO stay.

WOULD RATHER + short inf. (1 subject)

WOULD RATHER + subjunctive (2 subjects)
-> V2 (present)
-> HAD + V3 (past)
e.g: I’d rather you went home.

Gerund (V-ing):
1) has a substantival or adjectival form
e.g: Reading is fun.
Washing machine.

2) it is used after all prepositions

e.g: I am afraid of walking in the darkness.

3) after verbs of preference: love, like, hate, enjoy, dislike

e.g: I love dancing. (general meaning)
Obs! When preceded by the verb would + Infinitive
Difference in meaning: e.g: I would love to dance with you (particular)

4) after verbs: ADMIT, AVOID, CONTINUE, START, DENY, INVOLVE, MEAN,

MISS, POSTPONE, RISK, RESIST, RECOLLECT, SAVE, SUGEST,
UNDERSTAND

5) after some expresions: DON’T MIND, CAN’T HELP, IT’S WORTH/NOT, IT’S
NO USE
Gerund Forms: Simple: writing
Perfect: having written
Passive Voice: being written

- Verbs with -ing and infinitive –

REMEMBER: I remembered to lock the door.
I remembered locking the door.

FORGET: I forgot to lock the door.

I forgot locking the door.

REGRET: We regret to tell you…

I regret telling you…

GO ON: I went on to be the Prime Minister. (with different thing)

(continue) I went on being the Prime Minister. (with the same thing)

TRY: I tried to play chess. (to see if you can or not)

Try playing chess. (to see if you like it)

STOP: I stopped to look in the mirror. (with this purpose)

I stopped looking in the mirror. (to cease an action)

MEAN: I meant to write to you, but I didn’t had time

mean = want/wish/intend + Infinitive
involve/imply + Gerund
This task means working harder.
 S1=S2 S1≠S2
Infinitive I want to go home. (N) I want you to go home. (Akk)

Gerund I preffer going home earlier. I preffer your going home earlier.

Participle Going to school, I met her. I met her going to school.