Job: To verify the principle of moments.

1. Use

To prove that for a body to be in equilibrium, sum of clockwise moment equals to the sum of
the counter clockwise moment.

Σ𝑐. 𝑤. 𝑚 = Σ𝑐. 𝑐. 𝑤. 𝑚

2. Apparatus

2.1 Circular disk with pullies.

2.2 Hangers
2.3 Weights
2.4 Graph Paper
2.5 Steel Tape

3. Theory

[3.1] Coplanar System of forces

If all the forces are in one plane, then these forces are said to be coplanar.

[3.2] Concurrent Forces

If all the forces are passing through the single point, then these forces are called as
the concurrent forces.

[3.3] Non-Concurrent Forces

If all the forces are not passing through the single point, then these forces are
called as the non- concurrent forces.

[3.4] Moment

When we apply load then there is turning effect produced in that body on which load is
applied. This turning effect is called as the moment. Mathematically, it is equal to the product of the
applied load and that of moment arm which is the perpendicular distance of the force from the origin or
from the axis of rotation.

𝑀 =𝑭𝑥 𝒓

[3.5] Couple

When two or more than two forces act on a body at different points then turning effect
is known as the couple. In couple, there is no linear moment only rotational effect.This effect is along the
longitudinal axis.

[3.6] Virginian Theorem

 The total moment (resultant moment) of the resulting force is equal to the sum of
moments of its components. It is valid for the concurrent system of forces.

𝑀=𝐹𝑥𝑟= 𝐹𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐹𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥 F

𝑟 𝑑𝑦

[3.7] Laws of moment

According to this:

For a body to be in equilibrium, sum of clockwise moment equals to the sum of the counter
clockwise moment.

Σ𝑐. 𝑤. 𝑚 = Σ𝑐. 𝑐. 𝑤. 𝑚

4. Procedure

Apply different loads to the threads that are directly connected to the pullies that tends
to rotate the plate about the origin O . Using the steel tape the moment arm is measured for each load and
the data is booked in the tabular form as follow and laws of moments are verified.

5. Observation and Calculations:

Sr. Clockwise moment Conuter clockwise moment

# Σc. w. m Σ𝑐. 𝑐. 𝑤. 𝑚 %𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓

F(N) d(mm) M=Fxd F(N) d(mm) M=Fxd

(Nmm) (Nmm)

𝑊1 3.2928 20 65.856 882.6664 902.7772 2.2

𝑊2 6.2328 27 168.2856

𝑊3 3.2928 127 418.1856

𝑊4 3.2928 127 418.1856

𝑊5 5.2528 136 714.3808