Hotel Planning

pre-production
Topic 4
Points to consider while
designing a hotel
1. Good location and site
2. Architectural features
3. Analysis of raw material available
4. Structural regulations laid by town and country planning
department
5. Construction Technology
6. Sound financing
7. Efficient plan schedule
Points to consider while
designing a hotel
2. Architectural Features & Building Plans
2. Architectural Features
Architectural styles of various civilizations
a. Greek architecture – exterior & interior columns (David & Ricardo)
b. Roman architecture – domes & vaults – cylindrical & spherical spaces (Somin
& Nazura)
c. Christian architecture – longitudinal hall (Alice & Hui Ee)
d. Romanesque architecture – circular & polygonal domed structure (Shin &
Andrew)
e. Islamic architecture – arches & domes (Dana & Afiqah)
f. Neo-Renaissance architecture – files of columns in static compositions (Shi
Yeng & Ilyana)
g. Gothic architecture – ribbed vault, thin arches of stone (Jia Wei & Christine)
h. Art Nouveau – large expanses of glass provided a strong visual connection
between the interior spaces & the outside world (Joong & Zhi Yan)
i. Modern architecture – concrete, steel & iron (Sook Peng & Shakila)
j. Innovative architecture – construction of molding spaces with utmost
sophistication, great care in distribution of light & the use of materials
(Minsu & Azlan)
k. International architecture – geometric & asymmetrical; modern materials
such as concrete, steel, & glass
Source: Tarun Bansal (2010). Hotel Facility Planning. Oxford University Press
E.g. of architecture styles

a.Greek architecture – exterior & interior columns

[Greek architecture]

[ Amanzoe Luxury Resort ]

E.g. of architecture styles

b. Roman architecture – domes & vaults – cylindrical

& spherical spaces
[Roman Architecture]

St. Regis Rome

E.g. of architecture styles

c. Christian architecture – longitudinal hall

Christian Architecture

Hotel Jules Cesar

E.g. of architecture styles

d. Romanesque architecture – circular & polygonal

domed structure
E.g. of architecture styles

e. Islamic architecture – arches & domes

[Islamic architecture]

[Atlantis The Palm, Dubai, UAE]

 E.g. of architecture styles

f. Neo-Renaissance architecture – files of columns in static

compositions
 E.g. of architecture styles

f. Neo-Renaissance architecture – files of columns in static

compositions
 E.g. of architecture styles

f. Neo-Renaissance architecture – files of columns in static

compositions
 E.g. of architecture styles

f. Neo-Renaissance architecture – files of columns in static

compositions
[Neo-Renaissance Style]

The Hotel Gaillard, Paris

E.g. of architecture styles

g. Gothic architecture – ribbed vault, thin arches of stone

E.g. of architecture styles

g. Gothic architecture – ribbed vault, thin arches of stone

E.g. of architecture styles

g. Gothic architecture – ribbed vault, thin arches of stone

E.g. of architecture styles

g. Gothic architecture – ribbed vault, thin arches of stone

E.g. of architecture styles

h. Art Nouveau – large expanses of glass provided a strong

visual connection between the interior spaces & the outside
world
Art Nouveau

Grand Hotel Ciudad De Mexico

E.g. of architecture styles

i. Modern architecture – concrete, steel & iron

(i.e. industrial architecture)
[Modern Architectural]

[Burj Khalifa Hotel, Dubai]

E.g. of architecture styles

j. Innovative architecture – construction of molding

spaces with utmost sophistication, great care in distribution
of light & the use of materials
Innovative Architecture

Rose Tower, Dubai

E.g. of architecture styles

k. International architecture – geometric &

asymmetrical; modern materials such as concrete, steel, &
glass
Points to consider while
designing a hotel
3. Analysis of raw material available
3. Analysis of raw material
available
a. Brick
b. Concrete
c. Polymer concrete
d. Steel
e. Glass
f. Fibreglass
 Brick

The colour varies according to the clay used and in

proportions according to architectural tradition. Some bricks
are made of fireclays for use in fireplaces or ovens. Others
may be made of glass, or they may be textured, or glazed.
 Concrete

Most widely used construction material. Qualities of concrete

as a building material are its strength, economy, and
durability.
Polymer Concrete

Polymer concrete is composite/combined material that simulates

stone
 Steel

Steel not only acts as frame but also provides flexible

strength to the building.
 Glass

It is widely used for construction purpose nowadays. Frames

can be of wood or steel to support them.
Fibreglass
Fibreglass can be
moulded into a
number of different
finishes to mimic
wood, stone,
terracotta, concrete,
steel or other
materials
e.g. Fibreglass roofing
Points to consider while
designing a hotel
4. Construction Technology (Good Workmanship)
Building Innovations

The contemporary or modern day constructions of hotel

properties, by and large fall in the innovative and
international architectural styles
Some of the popular types of modern day building plans are
as follows:
a. Modular construction
b. Curtain wall
c. Slip form
Slip form

 First used in the 1930s in building and construction.

 Method of vertically extruding (force out shape) a
reinforced concrete section and is suitable for construction
of core walls in high-rise structures –towers.
 Allows for the continuous pouring of concrete into walls
of a structure and only stops when the full required
height of the structure has been reached.
 It enables continuous, non-interrupted, cast-in-place
joint-less concrete structures which have superior
performance characteristics.
 The height of the framework is designed in such a way that
while the top of the formwork is being filled by concrete
the lowest layer of concrete poured earlier has already
gained an initial set. When the formwork is moved
upwards the concrete that is then exposed remains firm.
Slip form

Jeddah Tower Shanghai Tower

 Modular Construction

Prefabricated rooms are pulled into place with the help of cranes
Modular Construction

 In this method, room units are constructed separately and

hoisted into place with the help of cranes.
 This technique has cut down construction time and costs by
as much as 40% as compared to traditional construction
methods.
 The procedure entails putting in place all the necessary
MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) conduits or
channels with reinforcing steel, and then pouring concrete
to form the room module.
 Buildings constructed with this technique are relatively low
cost, time-saving in construction, fire resistant & virtually
sound proof.
 Example of this type of construction: Travelodge, Hotel
Formule 1, Lookotels
Modular Construction

Modules lowered & chained

Pre-fabricated roof modules
into place

Upper circulation module pre-

fabricated with lifts ready to
Stairs prefixed in circulation “drop” upon completion of
modules vertical core

Modular cladding (exterior walls)

system as single component (where
required) can be attached before Exterior features
module is chained into place.

Option A:
Ground floor structure: on-site construction

Complete modular units chained into

position

Option B
Ground floor structure provided with
pre-fabricated units
Ground floor podium
Modular cladding (exterior walls) system as separate structure
component can be attached after module is chained
into place.
E.g. of modular hotels
E.g. of modular hotels
E.g. of modular hotels:
Accor Formule 1 Hotel
 Formule 1 is an example of a low-budget hotel. Popular in
Europe, the plans show the first development in Great
Britain in 1992.
 Design concept: Standard rooms plus several rooms for the
disabled are provided in a two-storey prefabricated
building.
 Rooms are 9m2, attractive comfortable and easy to clean.
 Designed for 1 to 3 persons each has a vanity washbasin,
double and bunk beds, a writing desk and TV and closet
hanging space.
 WC and shower rooms combined (disabled use) which are
installed as complete units and provide automatic
sanitizing after use.
 The compact reception area is adjacent to a breakfast bar
and has a small service pantry for trayed continental
breakfast with self-service of coffee.
E.g. of modular hotels

Pre-fabricated capsule hotel in Spain

E.g. of modular hotels: Lookotels
E.g. of modular hotels: Lookotels

 Lookotels consist of a series of prefabricated modular capsules

that are connected together to form the entire hotel.
 Since they would be constructed off-site in a factory, overall build
times and costs would be minimized and the quality and efficiency
of construction would be maximized.
 The designers expect that a 100 room hotel could be built in less
than 6 months.
 Modular rooms would vary in size from 9.7 sq meters for a single
up to 12.1 sq meters for a premium room.
 Each unit would be self-sufficient and include a sofa bed, TV, a
desk, a chair, a WIFI connection, a telephone, air conditioning, a
bathroom, and automated controls.
 The entire hotel is automated with self check-in and out kiosks, a
built-in safety system, and a 24-hour customer service telephone
line will keep guests comfortable.
 Staff requirements would be low, thus further reducing operational
costs.
 Energy-efficient sustainable design also plays a huge role in the
hotel — it has an expected energy savings of 40% compared to
average hotels.
Curtain Walls

What are curtain walls?

 Lightweight wall systems installed outside of building
structure.
 The name “curtain wall” derives from the idea that the
wall is thin and “hangs” like a curtain on the structural
frame.
 Designed to resist wind and rain.
 Must also accommodate building structural (horizontal &
lateral) movements.
 This method of construction reduces the overall weight
of a building, which allows it to be built higher, and
permits the extensive use of glass on the façade.
Curtain Walls

(vertical
structure beam)

(horizontal
structure beam)
Curtain Walls
Points to consider while
designing a hotel
7. Structural regulations laid by Municipal Authorities
5. Structural regulations laid by
Municipal Authorities
Every town and city planning authority generally lays down
structural regulations & guidelines to be followed strictly in
the event of any mishap such as a fire, or an emergency such
as bomb scare.
It is obligatory for hotel managements to incorporate such
structural regulations while designing their properties. The
following aspects are part of the standard structural
regulations guidelines:
a. Alarms
b. Drills
c. Signs & Plans
i. Signs at lift landings
ii. Floor numbering signs
iii. Staircase & elevator identification signs
iv. Staircase re-entry signs
v. Eco-friendly practices
5. Structural regulations laid
by Municipal Authorities
a. Alarms
 Any person discovering fire, heat, or smoke should
immediately report such condition to the fire
brigade.
 No person shall make, issue, post, or maintain any
regulation or order, written or verbal, that would
require any person to take any unnecessary delaying
action prior to reporting such condition to the fire
brigade.
5. Structural regulations laid
by Municipal Authorities
b. Drills
New Building
 Fire drills must be conducted, in accordance with
the fire safety plan, at least once every 3 months
during the first 2 years after the issuance of the
certificate of occupancy.
 Thereafter, fire drills must be conducted at least
once in 6 months.
 All occupants of the building must participate in the
fire drill.
 A written record of such drill has to be kept on the
premises for a 3-year period and produced readily
for fire brigade inspection.
Points to consider while
designing a hotel
3. Efficient plan schedule – Programme Evaluation
and Review Technique (PERT)
3. Efficient Plan Schedule –
GANTT Chart & PERT Chart
 Establishing a schedule of project implementation ensures
that the project is completed within the planned time
and commences operations on schedule.
 Delays in the implementation quite often create cost over-
runs and may effect the profitability of the hotel property.
 In the case of large and complex projects, advanced
scheduling techniques like Programme Evaluation and
Review Technique (PERT) & Gantt Chart are utilized.
 Gantt chart is a chart in which a series of horizontal lines
shows the amount of work done or production completed in
certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned
for those periods.
 E.g. of GANTT Chart

Hotel design & construction timeline

E.g. of PERT Chart

Task
(Duration)

Task
(Duration)

Task
(Duration)
E.g. of PERT Chart
Plan View
 It is the most common view and is used very frequently.
 A plan view is akin to seeing a room from the top.
 If you were looking down from above a room or area
with no ceiling or room, the view you would get is a
plan view.
 The primary use of such a view is to show room layouts.
 More importantly, the plan view serves as a basis for
various calculations, such as, electrical outlets, security
alarm system requirements, sizes and number of
furnishings, and determination of HVAC systems.
Plan View
Elevation View
 If you were to stand outside a building and look at it
and drew a picture of the building, you would get an
elevation view.
 Elevation view helps in deciding how the exterior wall
would be done up.
 It also helps to determine what percentage of glass
would be used for windows, the types of windows, the
kind of material to be used on the wall, orientation of
wall, balcony areas.
 This view is very important for architects, who prepare
a number of alternative elevation views to let the
owner or client take a final decision.
Elevation View
Elevation View
Detail View

 Detail view serves as a vital communication link

between the architect and the builder.
 It can be a plan view or an interior elevation drawing of
an item that cannot be depicted in sufficient detail in
other views.
 Detailed views of interior walls, location of equipment
or position of permanent assets and their utility can be
of special importance for future renovation of the hotel
property.
Detail View
Perspective View and Model

 This is an impressive technique for selling ideas.

 It is basically a three dimensional view of a proposed
building generally showed to the owners.
 It may be dressed up further by showing of trees,
parking zones, side walks, etc.
 The purpose of the model is to help the onlookers
visualize and place themselves in the proposed settings.
Perspective View
Model
Section View

 A section view may be a vertical or sometimes

horizontal cutaway view of a wall, roof, or foundation
of a building.
 This view is critical from the point of view of the
project manager(s) because it indicates the type of
construction material to be used, where insulation is
planned in roofs or near foundation walls.
 A section view is very important for energy conservation
planning because the thickness of insulation is very
important in reducing energy costs.
 It is important to have exterior structural walls and
roofs with low heat-transmission measurements.
Section View
Mechanical View

 This is the most frequently used blueprint, which gives

the idea of all MEP (mechanical/electrical/plumbing)
systems in the building separately.
 Each mechanical view may use a special set of symbols.
 System of air-conditioning, plumbing, closed circuit
television (CCTV), fire safety, security system, etc. may
be shown on separate mechanical views.
Mechanical & Electrical View