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Absorption in Packed Bed Column: Experiment No:3
Absorption in Packed Bed Column: Experiment No:3
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Contents
Part-1
Aim …………………………………………………………………………3
Description ………………………………………………………………….3
Theory……………………………………………………………………….3
Experimental Procedure……………………………………………………..5
Standard Data………………………………………………………………...5
Formulae……………………………………………………………………..6
Trouble shooting…………………………………………………………….12
Part-2
Sample Calculations…………………………………………………………13
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ABSORPTION WITH CHEMICAL REACTION IN A PACKED
BED
AIM
UTILITIES REQUIRED
A CO2 cylinder with Pressure Regulator and Pressure gauges is supplied with the set up.
DESCRIPTION
The set up consists of a glass column packed with Rasching rings. Liquid is fed at the top of
the column through distributor. The gas and air are measured separately, mixed in a mixing
chamber and then passed through the packed column vertically upward and absorbed in liquid.
All the flow rates can be independently varied to simulate different conditions. Samples can be
taken out from the sampling point at the bottom of the column for analysis.
THEORY
In absorption, a gas mixture is contacted with a liquid for preferential dissolution of one or
more components of the gas in liquid. Such operation requires transfer of mass from gas stream
of the liquid. In many industrial applications the absorption process is accompanied by
chemical reaction usually, reaction in the liquid of the absorbed component with a reagent in
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the absorbing liquid takes place. The reagent and the product of reaction may be soluble e.g.
absorption of CO2 into an aqueous solution of ethanol amines or other alkaline solutions.
Reactions of the absorbed solute provides higher absorption rates due to:
Integration yields:
Ky ∫ Ky
= = ∫ 𝑑𝑦/(𝑦 − 𝑦 ∗).................... (2)
𝑍 = 𝐻 +𝑁 Vʹ-molar flow rate of gas. kgmol/h
y a = kgmol/m2-h
/
Hoy = ……………………………...……….(4)
In case of absorption with chemical reaction, (eg CO2 absorption in NaOH solution),
The equilibrium P.P.is zero (y*= 0) (if reaction is irreversible)
But
/
Hoy = =
4
/
Kya = = …………………………………………(7)
And KG a= Kya/P
(1) Estimate numbers of transfer unit ,(NTU) , Noy , using eq.5.
EXPERIMENATAL PROCEDURES:
1. Make 2N (aq.) NaOH solution by dissolving 1600 gms NaOH pellets in 20 ltrs
water.
2. Titrate the above solution with 1N HCl taking methyl orange indicator.
3. Fill the above solution into the respective tank and connect the CO2 &
compressed air supply to the equipment.
4. Record column diameter, Packed height and Packing type and size.
5. Start filling the column with any NaOH flow rate when it comes from the outlet
start passing (CO2 + compressed air) mixture into the column providing pr.
should be less then 1 Kg/cm2.
6. After twice the residence time or 10 min, which is greater take 20 ml, sample
& titrate 10 ml sample with 1N HCl taking indicator phenolphthalein + BaCl 2
& another 10 ml with methyl orange.
7. Take more than two samples for accuracy.
8. Drain the column and repeat the steps from 4 to 7 for another flow rate.
STANDARD DATA:
5
Pressure Regulator = 0-2 kg/cm2
FORMULAE:
𝜋 2
Total effective contact volume = Ve = 𝐷 ℎ
4 𝑐
TITARTIONS:
6
Conc of Na2CO3 = (T1-T2)/(2V) ,gmole/L.
= ….…, K mole/sec
=24.63 m3/kmole
=…..m3/sec
=….m3/sec
CO2 flow rate at outlet = CO2 flow rate at inlet – Vol of CO2 absorbed
Qo =…….m3/sec
pp of CO2 at outlet = 𝑃𝑡
po = ….. atm
pi =……..atm.
ΔPln =
7
= …….atm.
NA = KG.a.Ve.( ΔPln )
KG.a = KG.a × PT = Gas film coefficient, kmole CO2 transferred /m3/h
NA = moles of CO2 transferred per unit time = kmole/h = RCO2
KʹGaVe = NA/ ΔPln = RCO2/ ΔPln
PT = 1 atm =………kmole/s-atm =…….kmole/h-atm
Effective volume = Ve =…….m3
KGa = po × PT
=KʹG a/ Ve , kmol/h-m3
Atmospheric pressure = P
Column diameter = Dc
Total packed height = ZT
Type of packing = Rasching Ring
Packing dimensions =
Cross Sectional Area of Colum (S) =π/4 Dc2, (m2)
Surface area of one packing=
Total surface area per unit volume of packing =
Gas flow rate = Q, m3/h
Gas Av.mol wt.= Mg ,kg/kgmol
Gas density = ρg , kg/m3
(at Pr , PT, Temp T)
Gas mass velocity = V
= Q ρg / MS kg mol/h-m2
Liquid flow rate = l, m3/h
Liquid density = ρl
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Liquid molecular weight= Ml
So liquid mass velocity. L = l ρl/MlS kgmol/h-m3
Mole fraction of CO2 in inlet gas = ya
Mole fraction of CO2 in outlet gas = yb.
Using equation (5), calculate, Number of transfer unit , Noy.
Plot Kya vs. L on a log log plot for the given packing.
Repeat the experiment for 5 different gas rates changing the inlet conc. of CO2.
KGa = const. Va Lb
Using regressions techniques determine the values of constant and exponents a and b.
Sh = Cl Rea Scb
Or Plot Sh/Sc1/3 vs Re
Or Sh/Sc2/3 vs Re
Compare the observed values of Kya with that obtained from some empirical models.
Make an effort to determine the enhancement factor φ , for CO2 –H2O-NaOH system. It ranges
from 1 to 1000 or more.
The range of Kga for CO2 –H2O-NaOH system may be in the range of 1-4 mole/ft3-atm-h.
For CO2 –H2O system Kga may be in the range of 0.05 to 0.2 mole/ft3-atm-h.
CALCULATION:
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= 2 kgmole/m3
= …..kg/sec
%CO2 in feed:
CO2 =…..LPM
Air =……LPm
TITRATION:
Vol. of sample = V = 10 ml
(End point Orange colour change into light red colour for methyl orange & pink colour into
colourless solution for Phenolphthalein).
= RʹCO2=…..kmol/sec
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Rate of absorption of CO2 per unit vol. of packed tower = −s
.
Vol. of packed tower = (π/4 d2 ×Z) = π/4 (50×10 -3)2 ×82×10-2 =1.61×10-3 m3
Molar volume at 27°C = 24.63 L/gmole = 24.63 m3/kgmol (using the gas equation)
=…….m3/sec
ΔPln = =……………
[y] = pi/PT]
( )𝑃𝑇
ΔPln = =
KG.a = ……….kmole/h-m3
KʹG.a =……….lbml/h-ft3-atm
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Ya =………….
Yb =…………….
Hoy = ZT/Noy
But
Hoy = =…………..m4/kgmol
.
Noy =…………………kgmol/m3
TROUBLE SHOOTING:
1. If any type of suspended particles are come in the rotameter, remove the rotameter clean
the tube and fit that at its place.
2. If there is any leakage, tight that part or remove that and refix that again after wrapping
Teflon tape.
3. If Rotameter fluctuating more than average, tight control knob of that.
(Procedure: two nuts are there lose first nut and tight the second slightly, and then first also.
REFERENCES:
1. Unit Operations of Chemical Engg., W.L. Mc Cabe, J.C. Smith and P. Harriott, Mc
Graw Hill.
2. Mass transfer, T.K. Sherwood, R.L. Pigford and C.R. Wilke, Mc Graw Hill.
3. Gas- Liquid Reactions, P.V. Danckwerts, Mc Graw Hill.
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ABSORPTION WITH CHEMICAL REACTION IN A PACKED
BED
Density of NaOH sol. = 1.08 g/ml = 1080 kg/m3 (Measured by using Sp. Gravity bottle)
= 2.93213×10-6 m3 /sec
= 0.00149 m/s
%CO2 in feed:
Air = 30 LPM
TITRATION:
Vol. of sample = V = 10 ml
(End point Orange colour change into light red colour for methyl orange & pink colour into
colourless solution for Phenolphthalein).
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Conc of Na2CO3 = (T1-T2)/(2V)
= (18.9-10)/(2×10)
= 8.9/2.0 = 0.445
= R’CO2 =…..kmol/sec
. ×
R’CO2 = = 8.741 ×10-4 Kmole/m3-s.
. ×
Vol. of packed tower = (π/4 d2 ×Z) = π/4 (50×10 -3)2 × 82 ×10-2 = 1.61×10-3 m3
Molar volume at 27°C = 24.63 L/gmole = 24.63 m3/kgmol (using the gas equation)
= 3.4663×10-5 m3/sec
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p.p. of CO2 at outlet = × PT
. ×
p.p. of CO2 at outlet = × 1 atm = 0.08874 atm
. × ×
. ×
p.p. of CO2 at inlet = × 1 atm = 0.14285 atm
. × ×
. .
ΔPln = = . = 0.11365 atm
( )
.
[y] = pi/PT]
KʹGa = kmole/m3-h-atm
( )
ΔPln = =
Ya = 0.142857
Yb = 0.08874
Hoy = ZT/Noy
But
𝑉 . ×
Hoy =
𝐾𝐺 .a
= = 0.19372 m4/kgmol
.
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