Ngày dạy:

Buổi
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: ĐẢO NGỮ
(Thời lượng: 2 buổi)

I. Mục tiêu
Giúp HS nắm vững cách dùng của các dạng đảo ngữ. Ha vận dụng lý thuyết làm bài tập
Đặc biệt chú ý một số dạng đặc biệt.
II. Ngữ pháp
INVERSION
1. Đảo cụm trạng từ (chỉ nơi chốn, địa điểm hoặc phương hướng) lên đầu câu.
- On the stairs was sitting a small girl.
- Round the corner stood a girl.
   - From the rafters hung strings of onions. (xà nhà – xâu hành)
    - In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
    - On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot. (cành – con vẹt)
    - Over the wall came a shower of stones.
    - In front of the museum is a statue.
    - First came the ambulance, then came the police.
    - Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
    - Directly in front of them stood a great castle.
    - On the grass sat an enormous frog.
    - Along the road came a strange procession. Đoàn diễu hành
- Suddenly down came the rain!
- Up in the air went the balloon. (khí cầu) /bəˈluːn/
2. Đảo tính từ để nhấn mạnh.
Trong TA có thể đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm bổ ngữ của “to be” ra trước để nhấn
mạnh,
đồng thời đảo “to be” lên trước chủ ngữ.
- The problem is difficult.
Difficult is the problem.
- The flies are on the book.
On the book are the flies.
3. Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh cũng có thể đảo lên đầu câu:
        Not a single word did he say.
4. Here/there
Here/there hoặc một số các phó từ đi kết hợp với động từ đứng đầu câu cũng phải đảo
động từ lên trên chủ ngữ là một danh từ, nhưng nếu chủ ngữ là một đại từ thì không được
đảo động từ:
        - Here comes Freddy. (Here comes he - sai)
        - Off we go (Off go we - sai)
- There goes your brother
- I stopped the car, and up walked a policeman.
5. Not only...but also: Không những…mà còn…
- Not only is she intelligent but she also kind.
- Not only does he love me but he also loves two others.

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 She not only apologized but also sent me a card.
Not only did she apologize but (also) sent me a card.
Not only do I enjoy spending time with him, but I also feel safe with him.
Note:
We can use “as well” instead of “also”, however, we use it at the end of the sentence.
This place not only depressed me but made me want to go home as well. 
6. Never. Không bao giờ (thường sử dụng trong hùng biện)
- Never had I enjoyed myself more!
- Never have I heard such a romantic song like that.
- Never in my life have I seen such extraordinary behavior. /ɪkˈstrɔːdɪn.ə r.i/
- Never have so many people been unemployed as today.
    (So many people have never been unemployed as today)
7. Rarely/Seldom. Hiếm khi
Rarely/Seldom + Present perfect + So sánh…
Past perfect…
Can/ could

-Rarely can I have been faced with such a problem.

-Seldom has the team given a worse performance.
-Rarely had I had so much responsibility.
-Seldom does class let out early.
    (Class seldom lets out early.)
8. Hardly/ barely/ scarcely (+ when/before…) Hiếm khi…
Những trạng từ này thường miêu tả 1 hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá
khứ. (quá khứ hoàn thành - quá khứ đơn)
-Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
-Scarcely had I enter the room when the phone rang.
-Barely had he gone out of the house when his boss telephoned.
-Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands.
    (He had hardly fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands.)
Chúng cũng có thể dùng ở hiện tại
-Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.
    (We have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.)
- Hardly does the council allow appeal against its decisions. /əˈlaʊ/ - /əˈpiːl/
9. No sooner...than… Không lâu sau……thì… (Qk hoàn thành – QK đơn)
Diễn tả sự việc này xảy ra trước sự việc khác trong quá khứ.
- No sooner had I reached the door than I realized it was locked.
- No sooner had the thief broken into the room than the alarm rang.
10. Only:
Only if (chỉ khi nào), only when, only then, only after, only later, only by, only once…
(Only if/when…+ quá khứ đơn/động từ khuyết thiếu…)…
-Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
    (We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.)
-Only by/when/once studying harder can you pass the exam.
Only by/when/once you study harder can you pass the exam. (dạng đầy đủ)
(=You can pass the exam once you study harder)
-Only after posting the letter did I remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.

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 -Only by operating immediately can we save your eyes.
Note: Only + N: Chỉ (không dùng đảo ngữ)
-Only Mai knows the answer.
11. Under no circumstances: Trong truờng hợp nào…. cũng không. /ˈsɜː.kəm.stɑːns/
- Under no circumstances can we accept cheques.
You shouldn’t go out late under any circumstances.
- Under no circumstances should you go out late.
12. On no account/ not on any account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì…cũng không/ không vì bất kỳ
lí do nào…
On any account = for any purpose; for any reason; no matter what.:
On no account = for no reason; absolutely not
- On no account are visitors allowed to smoke in the museum.
- Not on any account will I visit her.
    On no account must this switch be touched.
12b. By no means: Hoàn toàn không
    By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
13. At no time: không bao giờ
- At no time was I aware of anything out of the ordinary. (ý thức về…)
14. In no way: không bao giờ, không trong trường hợp nào, không sao có thể …
- In no way can Kevin be held responsible for the accident.
- In no way could I agree with you.
15. On no condition: không bao giờ, không trong trường hợp nào.
- On no condition are they to open fire without a warning.
16. Not until: Chỉ đến khi, mãi đến (khi)……
not once, not for a moment, not a + N
- Not until I got home did I notice that I had a wrong umbrella.
- I didn’t wake up until 8 am today:
Not until 8 am today did I wake up.
- I didn’t know him until I started to study English:
Not until I started to study English did I know him.(4)

17. Nowhere: không nơi nào

- Nowhere can you find a more hard-working student than Tom.
18. Little. ít khi, hiếm khi
- Little does the government appreciate what results will be. (hiểu rõ) /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/
- Little did she think that I knew all about her.
19. So/ such
“So + adjective” được dùng khi động từ chính là “be” để nhấn mạnh tính từ.
“Such” (= so much, so great) được dùng ít hơn.
-So devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover.
-So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
-Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted
20. Câu điều kiện lược bỏ If.
-If they were to escape, there would be an outcry. (la hét, phản đối)
Were they to escape, there would be an outcry.
-If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble.
Were the police to have found out, I would have been in trouble?
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 -If you should hear anything, let me know.
Should you hear anything, let me know.
-If he has cheated, he will have to be punished.
Should he have cheated, he will have to be punished.
-If I had known, I would have protested strongly.
Had I known, I would have protested strongly?
-If anyone asks me, please tell them I will be away for a few days
Should anyone ask me, please tell them I will be away for a few days
- If it weren’t for him, I could fail.
Were it not for him I could fail.
-If I had known what was going to happen, I would never have left him alone.
-Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have left him alone.
21. As/nor/than: Mở đầu cho mệnh đề thứ 2 trong câu.
- We were short of money, as were most people in our neighborhood.
- I thought, as did my colleagues, that the recession would soon be over. /ˈkɒl.iːg/ suy
thoái
- She traveled a great deal, as did most of her friends.
  She was very religious, as were most of her friends.
 City dwellers have a higher death rate than do country people. (người dân)
 Negative ..., nor + auxiliary + S + V.
    He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow.

22. So, neither.

A - I am going home. B - So am I
A - I don’t like meat. B - Neither do I
A - She didn’t go to school B - Neither did Lan
A - They don’t like coffee B - Neither does she.

EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using “never”
1. She had never been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense.
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
4. Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been.
5. She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antique.
6. The firm had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
7. I have never come across such a horrifying film.
8. I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
9. I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far-reaching.
10. I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before.

Exercise 2: Use “rarely, seldom, little”

1. One rarely finds good service these days.
2. She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village.
3. It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been found with so little loss of life.
4. It is very unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists.
5. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.

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 6. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
7. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
8. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
9. She didn’t realize what would happen to her next.
10. I didn’t think that one day I would be appearing in films rather than just watching
them.
Exercise 3: Use “In, at, under, on”
1. Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident.
2. The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster.
3. The existence of extraterrestrial life is not confirmed by the report.
4. I was never shown how to operate the machinery.
5. He never suspected that she was a witch.
6. There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change.
7. Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances.
8. You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances.
9. We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances.
10. I won’t go all that way to visit him again on any account!
11. You must on no account lift heavy weights like that again.
12. This window must not be unlocked without prior permission.
Exercise 4: Use “not”
1. He is my friend as well as yours.
2. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well.
3. Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an
awful mess.
4. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
5. You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course.
6. It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment.
7. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy.
8. The manager not once offered us an apology.
9. She made no sound as she crept upstairs.
10. He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.

Exercise 5: Use “only”

1. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
2. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
3. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
4. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
5. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
6. I didn’t realize who he was until later.
7. The door couldn’t be opened without using force.
8. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
9. To get 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time.
10. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.

Exercise 6: Use “should”

1. If the government were forced into another election, it would be the favorite to win.

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 2. If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simon, she is available between
9:00 and 11:00.
3. If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
4. If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to stark work on 1st April.
5. If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
6. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.
7. If the film should be a box-success, they may be a sequel. (phần tiếp theo)
8. If you should change your mind, there always a job for you here.

Exercise 7: Use “were/had”

1. If the chemicals were to leak, a large area of sea would be contaminated.
2. If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.
3. If Mr. Morgan were still head teacher, he would not permit such bad behavior.
4. If you had given it in on time, you would have got a high mark.
5. If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earned a large
salary.
6. If anything had gone wrong with my plan, I would have been held responsible.
7. If it hadn’t been for Henry, I might not have met you.
8. The coast guards could have saved the vessels if they had been notified.
9. If only they had confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them.
10. If his solicitor hadn’t advised him, he would have made serious mistake.

Exercise 8: Use “no sooner, barely”

1. We stepped outside the front door, and it began to rain.
2. We’d only just started the performance when there was a loud explosion.
3. As soon as she closed her eyes, she fell asleep.
4. Just as he had recovered from gastric flu, he went down with bronchitis.
5. I had no sooner gone to bed than someone rang my doorbell.
6. When Trevor planed the tree, it died.
7. Judith started asking me questions as soon as I had stepped through the door.
8. She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents.
9. The telephone started ringing just after he had left the office.
10. He had only just walked into the house when the telephone rang.

Exercise 9: Use “scarcely, hardly”

1. Karen finished reading Bleak House, and started reading The Pickwick papers.
2. The plane had only just taken off when smoke began to appear in the cabin.
3. Just as she put the phone down, it rang again.
4. I had just begun my solo when there was a noise of breaking glass off-stage.
5. As soon as we had finished dinner, the thunderstorm broke.
6. He had just started driving his new car when he had an accident.
7. As soon as he arrived on the beach, it started to rain.
8. He had hardly entered the house when the police arrested him.
9. I had only just watered the garden when it began to rain.

Exercise 10: Use “so, such”

1. The child was so afraid that he hid behind the sofa.

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 2. It was such an appalling sight that we reeled back in horror.
3. He was so surprised to be addressed by the Queen that he didn’t answer at once.
4. Julia wanted so much to move away from Newtown that she sold her house for much
less than it was worth.
5. He was so disgusted at her behavior that he severed all contacts with her.
6. He was so furious that he threw the book across the room.
7. People were so ignorant of the disease at the time that sufferers were simply told to go
to bed and rest.
Exercise 11. Viết lại câu, dùng đảo ngữ để nhấn mạnh
1. A line of police officers was behind the protesters.
2. After 40 years the restaurant is still there and the man who first ran it is there, too.
3. A small stream ran at the end of the village.
4. The bus came around the corner of the street.
5. A white pillar was in front of the visitors.
6. She loved staying in the cottage and her friends loved it, too.
7. The Parthenon stands on top of the Acropolis.
8. The European Union is in economic difficulties, together with America and Japan.
Exercise 12. Hoàn thành câu với những từ thích hợp
1. Never…so many people working so hard.
2. In no way…such a discreet man betray our secrets
3. On no account…be revealed to our competitors.
4. Only in Britain…the notion of a gentleman’s agreement be understood.
5. Not only…the piano brilliantly but she also sings well.
6. Never in my life…so humiliated.
7. Under no circumstances…the fire doors be locked.
8. Not once during her entire life…..in trouble with the law.
9. Not only…rather naive but he also seems to be very sensitive.
10.Seldom…assistance or advice.
Exercise 13. Hoàn thành câu với những từ thích hợp
1. Little…that she should win the competition.
2. Rarely….about their bad working conditions.
3. Scarcely…..opened the letter when the phone started ringing.
4. No sooner…the phone than I heard a knock at the door.
5. At no time….about it outside this office.
6. So difficult…the work that I was unable to finish it.
7. Not until everyone finished….allowed to leave the room.
8. Not only….his job, but his son also ran away from home.
9. Only after….the police able to catch the thieves.
10.No sooner…our picnic than it started to rain.
Exercise 14: Complete each sentence by using the phrase from the box.
Rarely have, No sooner had, Under no circumstances are, Not only did, Under no
circumstances will, as did, Were you, Hardly had, Little did, Rarely have.
1. …we arrived at the hotel, when there was a power cut.
2. …members of staff to accept gratuities from clients.
3. …Detective Dawson realize what she was to discover.
4. …to pay the full amount now, there would be a ten percent discount.
5. I supposed, …most people, that I would be retiring at 60.

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 6. …the doctor seen a more difficult case.
7. …Jean won first prize, but she was also offered a promotion.
8. …late arrivals be admitted to the theater before the interval.
9. …one missing child been found, than another three disappeared.
10. …so many employees taken sick leave at the same time.
Exercise 15: Use and do not change the word given to rewrite the sentences.
1. It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting.
Not until…about the meeting. find
2. The facts were not all made public at the time.
Only…all made public. later
3. The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more staff.
Such… to our appeal that we had to take on more staff. response
4. Harry broke his leg, also injured his shoulder.
Not only… also injured his shoulder. but
5. The police didn’t suspect at all that the judge was the murderer.
Little…as being the murderer. did
6. The bus driver can’t be blamed for the accident in any way.
In…responsible for the accident. held
7. If the government raises interest rates, they would lose the election.
Were…interest rates, they would lose the election. raise
8. As soon as I got home, I realized I’d left my bag in the shops.
No sooner… I realized I’d left my bag in the shops. had
9. It was only when I asked a passer-by that I realized where I was.
Not until… where I was. did
10. The minister was interrupted just after starting his speech.
Hardly…he was interrupted. when

Exercise 16: Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase containing the verb in
blankets in an appropriate form.
1. Should… (need) anything, could you let me know.
2. Were the plane… (take off), everyone in it would have been killed.
3. Had… (study) harder, I would probably have passed all my exams.
4. Should…(be) in the neighborhood, drop in.
5. Had…(go) to the doctor immediately, your daughter wouldn’t be so ill.
6. Never before…(spend) so much money on her daughter’s birthday.
7. Should…(feel) hungry, just call room service, and order a meal.
8. Were…(offer) her the job, we couldn’t be sure that she would accept.
9. Had…(take) the necessary measures, this political crisis could have been avoided.
10. Scarcely…(get) home when the police called us with news of Geoffrey.
Exercise 17: Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
1. Jim promised that he would never/never would he tell anyone else.
2. Not until it was too late I remember/did I remember to call Susan.
3. Hardly had we settled down in our seats then/when the lights went out.
4. Only after checking three times I was/ was I certain of the answer.
5. At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of the ordinary.
6. Only Catherine and Sally passed/did they pass the final examination.
7. Only when Pete has arrived/ has Pete arrived can we begin the programme.

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 8. No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out.

Exercise 18: Use and do not change the word given to rewrite the sentences.
1. Please never ever interrupt me when I am in a meeting.
On no account…when I am in a meeting. am
2. Nobody from this school has ever written a better composition.
Never…written a better composition. anyone
3. Such was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night.
The demand for tickets… that people queued day and night. great
4. The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.
Under…to be paid. no
5. Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis.
Not until…the first oasis. had
6. Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for.
Brenda… what she was letting herself in for. no
7. It was only when I stopped that I realized something was wrong.
Only… that something was wrong. did
8. The accused never expressed regret for what he had done.
At… regret for what he had done. time
9. Exhaustion prevented any of the runners from finishing the race.
So…of them finished the race. were
10. It is not common for there to be so much rain in March.
Seldom… so much rain in March. see

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