Questions 32*12 are atrout the follow'ing passage.

Being able to land safely is a criticall,v imporlant skill fcr all flying animals. l&hereas
teJrestrial animals face no parlicular challenge when they need to stop running or crax,iing,
flying animals mol,e at much higher speeds. anii they must br ctreft¡l abcut h':t, thel' land.
Hitting tlre ground, or even watfr. at fuIl tlight speed q,ould tr* quite dangerous. Before
touching dorvn. they must decrease their speed in order to iand safely. Both trats and birds
have nrastered the skill of landing- but these sl.'o types trf ilyers go about it quite diil"erentlv.
ln lhe past. it was believed that. in ternr.s of il_ving mechanics, there .nvas little difference
between bats and birds. This Lrelief w-as based onl.v on assumption. horv*ver, because tbr
years nobody had actually studied in graphic det:ril how bats lnove their wings" In recent
years, though. r'esearchers har,e discovcred a numtrcr of iriteresting facts about bat flight.
Bais ¡re built diffcrently l-rorn birds. and their nin_ss incorporute both tht--ir front a¡rd
hind limhs. This m¿kes coordinating their limbs nrore dilicLrlt for bats and. as a result,
they are not very good at flying over longer distanc*s. Hor,vever" they are mu*h better at
lnaneuverabiliry: a hat can quickl,v change its direction ol flight or completelv reverse !¡.
;-t something a bird cannt;t easily do.
Ancther interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in rvhich Lrats land-upside
dorvn ! Llnlike birds. rvhich touch down on the ground or on tree branches. bats can tle
observed tlying ¿round and then suddenly hanging upside down t-rom an ohject overhead,
How do they do it? A group of researchers recently used r,ideo cameras to fiim bats landing
on nets suspended from the ceiling r:f their latri:ratory and srudied the recordings in slow
rurotion. They painted spots iln the Lrat.s' w"ings to sre in detail rn'hat liappens to the rvings
in flight and during touchdor*'n. It turns out thai the bats f-lew in a straight line up to the net
antl then quickly flipped orrer and attached themselves to it upside down. One dr-rwnside
tr: this landin-e routine is that the bats *i'ten slam i¡'¡to their landing spot with sr:rne force,
u'hich probabl.v- causes pain. Holvcvcr. not all bats hit their landing spcts rvith thc' same
speed and force: these will vary depending on the are¿r lvhere a trat species rnakes its horNe .

Fcr exarnple, a cave bat. whir--h regularly perches on a hard stone ceiling, is nor¿ crarefal
alrout its landin-e preparation than a bat more accustorned to landing in leafy trr'ctops.

50
3?. W'hat is the rnain topir of the pa-ssage? 36. Acc*ldüng t* ths l)&§srys, what is ax
*duaut*ge fhat bats haveover bird§?
(A.¡ Places where fl;,:ing aninrais choose
to land {A} Ba* car¡ lar¡d ür¡ e grsefer variefy *f
surlaces.
{B) Why scientists have difrrcult_v
r:bsen ing bats S) Bats seÉ ü¡rn irl the air mryn ry:ickly"
{Ci Differences in the eating habit,t of {Ci Bats can eat while fiy-rng"
hats anti birr-lr
$) Bats are lighrer-
(D) Ways in rvhich bats moue ditterentl-v fiom
birds
31, I* Iine 11, tk wad inc,erE¡orate is clwst in
rneaniñg tCI "
33. In line 2, the word terrestrial is closest
in meaning ta _.
(A) edd
{B} deliver
{A) high-flf ing
{C} include
{B) tast-moving
(Ci tree-clirnbing fi§ disccver

{D t trottnd-lir ing
3a fu lieel4"t&esorditrefersta .

34. According to the passage, what skill {A} bat

is crucial for fl-ving anirnals? {B} bird
(A) Diving under»'ater {C} dirstialr
(B) Slowing dow-n to land (D) maneuverability
(C) Fiying over greaf dista¡rces

{D) Balancing on hiqh branches 3§. The xmearchcr* rrsed all cf t&e flnflffiieg to
studyb*fsffiCtrT
35. lt'hich of the following is a false assumption {A} rlets
about bats that was recently corrected? {B} paint
(Ai They cannot hüar. {C} *ables
(Bl They. sleep upside down. {D} caarras
(C) They fly similarly to hirds.
(D) They hide in tree branches.

51
4t). In line 20, the word suspendgd is closest in 42. Arcording to the passage. what helps
meaning t0 _-=-. determine a bat!s landing speed?

{A) hanging {A) \Yi:at it eats

{BJ entering (B.r É{*u'old it is
(C) falling {Ci Horl'big it is
(D) living tDl \\here ir lirer

41. ln line 24, the word slam is closest

in rneaning to _.
{Aj crash

(B) trring
lC) break
(D) change

1)