Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
_______________________________circulation – delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste
_______________________________ circulation – eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lung pathway)
Coronary Arteries - supply blood to the heart itself, located on the surface of the heart.
Fibrous Pericardium encloses the heart (like a bag) and has 2 layers - visceral pericardium & parietal pericardium
2 Atria – upper chambers receive blood returning to the heart through ____________
2 Ventricles – thick, muscular lower chambers. Receive blood from the atria above
them, then pumps blood out of the heart through ___________________
Valves of the Heart – allow one-way flow of blood 4 total (2 Atrioventricular Valves (AV) & 2 Semilunar valves)
Heart Actions
Cardiac Cycle:
The contraction of a heart chamber is called _________________the relaxation of a chamber is called __________________
During ventricular systole, the aortic valve _________________ During diastole, the aortic valve __________________
Average (Normal) Blood Pressure = ___________ What tool is used to measure blood pressure? _________________________
What systolic pressure is considered dangerous and you should seek medical care? _____________________
Heart Sounds - the “lub dub” sound of the heart is actually the opening and closing of the ______________________
ECG – electrocardiogram – a recording of the __________________ events (changes) during a cardiac cycle (heartbeat).
Analyzing ECG’s
Cardiac Conduction System: Specialized cardiac muscle tissue which conducts impulses.
1. Sinoatrial (S-A) Node – “Pacemaker.” generates rhythmic impulses which spread through the myocardium.
2. Junctional Fibers – carries impulses into the A-V Node.
3. Atrioventricular Node (A-V) – conducts impulses from the atria through the septum, to the ventricles.
4. A-V Bundle – within the interventricular septum. A right and left branch transmits impulse to walls of the ventricles.
5. Perkinje Fibers – Branch throughout the walls of the ventricles and carry impulse rapidly, stimulating contraction
Veins: Thinner, less muscular vessels carrying blood toward the heart.
Veins → ___________________________ → capillaries
Capillaries: Penetrate nearly all tissues. Walls are composed of a single layer of squamous cells – very thin.
Critical function: ______________________________________________
Blood flow through veins – not very efficient. Important factors include:
1. Contraction of the diaphragm. 2. Pumping action of the skeletal muscles. 3. Valves in the veins.
Factors affecting blood pressure: Average is 120/80 (higher number is the systolic pressure)
Aorta - Ascending Aorta, Aortic Arch, Descending Aorta, Abdominal Aorta. The aorta is the largest artery.
Pulmonary Trunk – splits into left and right, both lead to the lungs (leaves left ventricle)
Pulmonary Veins – return blood from the lungs to the heart (connects to left atrium)
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava – return blood from the head and body to the heart (connects to right atrium)