Differential Calculus

MINI RESEARCH
WORKING UNDERWATER PROBLEM

By :
Az – Zahra Shakila Salsabila (4171141009)
Desita Yolanda (4173141011)
Monica Lumbantobing (4173141043)
Novianti Panjaitan (4172141028)

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY
MEDAN
2018
 PREFACE

Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to the writer to finish this
mini research timely, which is the assignment of integral calculus course.

This mini research contains of working underwater problem. The author

realized that assignment are not perfect, but the author hope it can be useful for us.
Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment be better.

Medan, 16th May 2018

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE.................................................................................................. i

TABLE OF CONTENT............................................................................. ii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background............................................................................. 1

I.2 Formulation of Problem........................................................... 1

I.3 Objectives................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER II : THEORETICAL REVIEW

II.1 Theoretical Review................................................................ 2

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD

III.1 Data Collection Method...................................................... 3

III.2 Data Analysis Method........................................................... 3

CHAPTER IV : DISCUSSION

IV.1 Discussion............................................................................... 4

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION

V.1 Conclusion............................................................................... 6

REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 7

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background

Mathematics is one of the basic science that determines the mastery of

technology owned by a nation. The progress of a nation depends on the advance
of science and technology. Skilled and skilled manpower in the field of
mathematics is needed to support the development of science and technology
oriented to the needs of the wider community. Science and technology can be
fostered in mathematics mathematics frameworks, so mastery of math lessons
plays an important role in technological advancement. Mathematics is needed to
solve problems in various human life.

For the skill in solving the problem required various abilities that exist in
us, as a result of learning, that is as from knowledge, attitude and psychomotor.
Such knowledge is: memory, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and
evaluation. Thus it is not easy to solve a problem, because it involves the ability
of our reasoning or thinking from low to high levels. Low levels are memory,
understanding and application, while high levels are analysis, synthesis, and
evaluation. In this paper we are going to solve on of the calculus problem which is
an integral

I.2 Formulation of Problem

Based on the background of making this paper then, "How to solve

mathematical problems of implicit differentiation with our own way?”

I.3 Objective

 To fulfill the task of Calculus Differential course

 To find a solving of calculus problem

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 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

Integration is a problem of adding up infinitely many things, each of

which is infini- tesimally small. Doing the addition is not recommended. The
whole point of calculus is to offer a better way. The problem of integration is to
find a limit of sums. The key is to work backward from a limit of differences
(which is the derivative). We can integrate v(x) ifit turns up as the derivative of
another function f(x). The integral of v = cos x is f = sin x. The integral of v = x is
f = $x2. Basically, f(x) is an "antiderivative". The list of f's will grow much
longer.

A selection is inside the cover of this book. If we don't find a suitable f(x),
numerical integration can still give an excellent answer. I could go directly to the
formulas for integrals, which allow you to compute areas under the most amazing
curves. (Area is the clearest example of adding up infinitely many infinitely thin
rectangles, so it always comes first. It is certainly not the only problem that
integral calculus can solve.) But I am really unwilling just to write down
formulas, and skip over all the ideas. Newton and Leibniz had an absolutely
brilliant intuition, and there is no reason why we can't share it. They started with
something simple. We will do the same.

Integrals and derivatives can be mostly explained by working (very

briefly) with sums and differences. Instead of functions, we have n ordinary
numbers. The key idea is nothing more than a basic fact of algebra. In the limit as
n + co,it becomes the basic fact of calculus. The step of "going to the limit" is the
essential difference between algebra and calculus! It has to be taken, in order to
add up infinitely many infinitesimals-but we start out this side of it.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

III.1 Data Collection Method

The data collection of this research with search the rule in book or internet
and do the discussion with our group.

III.2 Data Analysis Method

The research method used in this research is qualitative method.

Qualitative research is research on descriptive research and tends to use analysis.
Process and meaning (subject perspective) are more highlighted in qualitative
research. Theoretical basis is used as a guide to focus the research in accordance
with the facts in the field. In addition the theoretical basis is also useful to provide
an overview of the background research and as a material discussion of research
results.

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 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

Problem:

The intensity L(x) of light x feet beneath the surface of the ocean satisfies the

differential equation:

dL
=−kl
dx

As a diver, you know from experience that diving to 18 ft in the Caribbean Sea
cuts the intensity in half. You cannot work without artificial light when the
intensity falls below one-tenth of the surface value. About how deep can you
expect to work without artificial light?

Solution:

L(x) = intensity of the light at x feet beneath the surface

dL
=−kl
dx

Find a general solution of given differential equation.

dx = −kL ⇒ L(x) = L0℮ −kx, L0 = intensity of the light on the surface.

Find the constant k, from the information given in the problem

L0 L0 −18 k 1 18 k
L (18 )= → L0 e
−18 k = →e = →e = 2
2 2 2

ln 2
ln 2=ln e18 k =18 k → k =
18
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Find the value of x that makes the intensity as one-tenth of the surface value

−ln 2
L(x) = L e 18
0

−ln 2
−ln 2 L0 −ln 2 1 x
L0 e 18 = → e 18
x
= → e 18
=10
10 10

ln 2
x ln 2 18 ln10
→ ln 10=ln e 18 = x → x= ≈ 59,8
18 ln 2
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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

From our discussion, then we find the solution of problem by using

integral formula. The answer from the solution is 59,8.
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REFERENCES

Thomas, George, et al. 1998. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. USA :

Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
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