77524tailieu24h.vn Mind Map English Grammar Phuong Phap Moi Hoc Va Nho Tieng Anh Hieu Qua Nguyen Dac Tam

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Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com
Original title: Mind Map English Grammar

By: N G U Y E N D A C T A M , P h . D .
Tac pham: N G U P H A P T I E N G A N H H I E N D A I
Tac gia: Tien si N G U Y E N D A C T A M
Ban quyen © 2013 Nguyen D i e Tarn

Cong ty First News - T r i Viet giu ban quyen xuat ban va phat hanh an
ban tieng Viet tren toan the gidi theo hop dong liy quyen xuat ban vdi
tac gia thang 12 nam 2013.
Giao trinh hoc va tham khao
Bat cii su sao chep nao khong duoc su dong y ciia First News deu la bat danh cho ngirofi hoc va giang vien tieng Anh
hop phap va vi pham Luat Xudt ban Vict Nam, Luat Ban quyen Quoc
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A SELF-STUDY R E F E R E N C E AND PRACTICE T E X T B O O K
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TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO

V E TAG GlA i
(About the author)
" H O W E N G L I S H W O R K S : A GRAMMAR P R A C T I C E B O O K
Tien si NGUYEN D A CTAM Michael Swan and Catherine Walter, Oxford University Press (1997)
TAM D A C NGUYEN, Ph.D. *• L I V I N G S T R U C T U R E E N G L I S H
WilUam Stannard Allen, Longman Press (1974)
BRIGHTER GRAMMAR
Q u e q u a n : Thira T h i e n ( H u e ) C.E. Eckersley & Margaret Macaulay, Longman I*ress (1982)
T n i quan : Blnh D i n h *' H E A T H H A N D B O O K O F E N G L I S H
Henry L Christ & Margaret M. Starkey &J.C Jressler, D.C. Heath
- 1989 - 1996 - 2011: G i a n g day va q u a n l y
and Company (1965) ,„.
- G i a m doc T m n g tarn Ngoai n g u Lfng d u n g k h u che xuat Sai G o n
M I N D MAP G R A M M A R (Thai)
(Director o f SepZone Foreign Language Center)
M.Eng. Sc., The University of New South Wales, Australia
- H i e u t r u o n g T r u o n g Ngoai n g u N G U Y E N D U SAl G O N
*• P R A C T I C A L E N G L I S H U S A G E ( 2 n d E d i t i o n )
(Principal o f N G U Y E N D U SAI G O N Foreign Language School)
Michael Swan, Oxford University Press (1997)
- G i a m doc co so dao tao d a i hoc tai chiic t h u o c D a i hoc N g o a i • A UNIVERSITY C O U R S E IN E N G L I S H GRAMMAR
n g u H a N o i tai T P H C M ( D i r e c t o r o f JOINT IN-SERVICE Angela Downing and Philip Locke, Phoenix ELT (1995)
T r a i n i n g College o f H a N o i University f o r Foreign Studies)
U N D E R S T A N D I N G A N D U S I N G E N G L I S H GRAMMAR
- 1995 - nay: G i a n g day va q u a n ly (3rd E d i t i o n )

Betty Schrampfer Azar, Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1981)
- Pho C h i i tich H o i d o n g Q u a n t r i D a i hoc V a n Lang
M O D E R N ENGLISH: A PRACTICAL REFERENCE G U I D E
( D e p u t y C h a i r m a n o f The Board o f Trustees)
(2nd Edition)
- Pho H i e u t r u o n g T r u o n g D a i hoc V a n Lang Marcella Frank, Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1993)
(Vice Rector o f Van Lang University) T H E L O N G M A N STUDENT'S GRAMMAR O F S P O K E N

AND WRITTEN ENGLISH
- Khoa t r u o n g Khoa N g o a i n g i i
Prof Douglas Biber, Dr. Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech -
( D e a n o f the Faculty o f Foreign Language) Longman (2002)
*" E N G L I S H G R A M M A R I N U S E (4th E d i t i o n )
- 2000: - Ph u ta giao su D a i h o c O R E G O N , H o a Ky
Raymond Murphy - Cambridge University Press (2012)
(Assistant Professor o f the University o f Oregon, USA)
- Nghien cuu va giang day tai Dai hoc Oregon State University.
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com LOI NOI D A U - 9
LOI NOI D A U
diing ngon ngu (not knovîng about the language, but knowing
the language). Dieu nay cho thay hgc ngu phap tieng Anh a Viet
Nam la diing vi tieng Anh la EFL (ngoai ngu), khong phai ESL
(ngon ngu thii hai), tuy nhien su yeu kem trong viec hgc va day
»- ngu phap la de lam bai tap, sau do la bai thi ma khong diing ngu
phap trong cac hoat dong ngon ngu (activities) va thuc hanh ngon
Truac day, khi tieng Anh chua la ngon ngii quoc te trong moi ngu (tasks).
tmong toan cau hoa, xu huong viec giang day va h Q C tap tieng Nham gop phan ho trg hgc ngu phap, M I N D MAP ENGLISH
Anh tai Viet Nam thien ve hai ky nang DOC HIEU va VIET. He GRAMMAR la cong cu de hieu biet tieng Anh duoi hinh thiic tom
qua la trong cac the he truoc, nhieu ngudi doc hieu va viet tieng luge theo t u duy logic. Do vay nguoi hgc can sii dung hieu biet
Anh thong thao khong kem nguoi ban x i i dugc hoc hanh t u te; ve ngu phap va quan trgng hon la ling dung vao nhieu hoat dgng
ngugc lai, gap kho khan khi giao tiep nghe-noi bang tieng Anh. thxfc hanh de phat huy cac chii de ngu phap trong cuon sach.
Tu thap nien 90 the ky truac day, giao tiep ngon ngu bao Cuon sach nay ciia chiing toi c6 nhiing dac diem sau day:
gom bon ky nang co ban: NGHE-NOI-DQC-VIET Do vay khi
- Giang vien c6 the huang dan cho nguoi hgc cac chii de va
noi den tieng Anh giao tiep c6 nghia la can phai giao tiep dugc
ca bon ky nang tren. Phucmg phap giao tiep dua tren su phat chii diem ngii phap theo t u duy logic qua cac so do t u duy tom t^t
trien ky nang ngon ngu cua tre em: giai doan dau tap trung vao de nho va de hieu.
phat trien NGHE-NOI; giai doan phat trien tap trung DQC VIET - Ngugi hgc de dang t u hgc va tham khao truac khi lam cAc
Noi n h u vay khong c6 nghia la khi day ky nang nghe noi thi bai tap ngu phap hoac sii dung tieng Anh.
khong CO yeu cau phat trien ky nang doc viet va ngugc lai. Doi
- He thong bai hgc dugc trinh bay dang "mind map" each tan
vai moi truong giao luu ngon ngu va kinh te toan cau va phat
tir thap len cao nen ngugi hgc yeu thich ngii phap tieng Anh hon.
trien khoa hoc ngay nay, ky nang dich thuat va phien dich cung
nkm trong giao tiep ngon ngu bac cao trong m o i truong toan - Sau khi hgc, hieu, nam viing cac chu de, chii diem ngii phap,
cau hoa. nguoi hgc c6 the t u ve lay "mind map" ciia rieng minh.
Vai tro ciia ngu phap trong phat trien ngon ngu luon la nen Nguoi soan sach rat mong quy dong nghiep, ban dgc va hgc
tang de hoc va phat trien mpt ngon ngu. De phat trien mot ngon vien gop y xay dung cho cuon sach nay de c6 the hoan thi^n dan
ngu, d i i do la ngoai ngu nhu tieng Anh, nen tang cua ngon ngu trong cac Ian tai ban toi.
la ngu phap, tir vung va phat am. Do vay, vai tro ngu phap la Xin chan thanh don nhan y kien ciia quy vi.
de phat trien ngon ngu diing va du de phat trien ky nang giao
, TP. H C M , ngay3 thangS nam2014
tiep; ngu phap khong chi de hieu ve ngon ngu ma de su dung
Tien si NGUYEN DAC TAM
LOI G i a i T H I E U
MUG LUC
M i n d Map hay so do t u duy la mot phuong phap hoc tap c6 Ve Tac Gia 6
hieu qua cao va dang dugc ap dung cho kha nhieu mon hoc. Tuy Tai Lieu Tham Khao 7
nhien, tai Viet Nam, khi nhac den so do tu duy thi thuong it ai
Loi N o i Dau 8
nghi den mon ngu phap, vi day la mot mon hoc kho khan, chi
can theo dung quy luat va khong doi hoi (tham chi khong cho Lai GioiThieu 10
phep) su sang tao. Vi vay, tai lieu " M i n d Map Enghsh Grammar" Muc Luc 11
CO the se lam cho doc gia c6 mot chut ngac nhien, va khong loai
Chuong Dan Nhap 20
trir kha nang c6 the c6 ngudi con c6 chiit nghi ngai nua.
Thuc ra, viec su dung Mind Map de giang day ngu phap tieng
PHAN 1 (PART 1) ^_
Anh khong he la mot dieu gi qua mdi me ma da duac ap dung 6
nhieu noi tren the gioi vol cac miic do hieu qua khac nhau. Vi vay, • CHUONG 1 - VAI D I N H NGHIA T U KHO
viec ap dung phuong phap hoc nay vao viec hoc ngu phap tieng Anh
(Chapter 1 - Some definitions of difficult terms) 25
tai Viet Nam ciia TS. Nguyen Dac Tam la mot sang kien dang khich le.
1. Sentence (Cau) 26
Ve npi dung ciia tai lieu, toi cho rang tac gia da c6 nhung
dong gop quan trong khi sii dung so do t u duy de dua ra nhung 2. Subject (Chu ngu) 28
tom tat vira ngan gon vtia day du cho nhiJrng van de ngu phap 3. Object (Tan ngu) 28
dugc xem la kho khan va roi ram ciia tieng Anh. Toi dac biet
4. Complement (Bo ngu) 29
thich cac so do atrang29 (Complement), trang54 (Interrogative
Pronouns), trang 110 (Adjectives), hoac cac hinh anh, so do giiip 5. Antecedent (Tir diing truoc/Tien ngu) 30
nguoi hgc hieu mot each true tiep ve gioi tii chi noi chon/khong 6. Appositive ( D o n g v i ngu) 30
gian (trang 125 va 126). Toi cho rang cuon sach nay xiing dang
7. Person (Ngoi) 31
dugc Truong Dai hoc Van Lang dau t u them de c6 the dugc xuat
ban va pho bien rpng rai. 8. Number (So) 31
TP.HCM, ngay 11/4/2013 9. Gender (Giong) 32
Tien si VU T H I PHUONG A N H 10. Verbal (Thugc dgng tu) 32

Director, Research and International Relations 11. Ellipsis (Phep tinh luge) 34
Director, Educational Testing and Quality Assurance
12. Idiom (Thanh ngCr) 34
University of Economics and Finance
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com Muc Luc-13
12 • M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR
• CHUONG 4 - DONG TU
P H A N 2 (PART 2)
(Chapter 4 - Verbs) 56
8 H I L O A I ( 8 PARTS OF SPEECH)
Cac l o a i d p n g t u ( K i n d s o f verbs) 58
• C H U O N G 2 - D A N H Tir
1 . D o n g t u b i e n v i / D p n g t u g i o i h a n (Finite verbs/Finites) 60
(Chapter 2 - N o u n s ) ?: 37
1.1 Ngoai d o n g tit (Transitive verbs) 60
1 . Cac l o a i d a n h t u ( K i n d s o f n o u n s ) 39 1.2 N o i d o n g tir (Intransitive verbs) 60
2. Cac chiic nang cua d a n h tir (Grammatical functions o f n o u n s ) . . 40 1.3 D o n g t u lien ket ( L i n k i n g verbs) 62
3. D a n h tir d e m duoc va d a n h t i t k h o n g d e m d u o c 2. D o n g t u k h o n g b i e n v i / D p n g t u k h o n g g i o i h a n
( C o u n t nouns/Countable n o u n s & Mass nouns/ ( N o n - f i n i t e verbs/Non-finites) 64
Uncountable nouns) 41 2.1 D o n g tir nguyen the hoac nguyen mau (Infinitives) 64
2.1.1 Nguyen the c6 "To" (Infinitive with "To") 65
• CHUONG 3 - DAI TU
2.1.2 Nguyen the khong "To" (Infinitive without "To") 67
(Chapter 3 - P r o n o u n s ) 42
2.2 D a n h t u dong (Gerund) 68
Cac l o a i d a i tir (Kinds o f p r o n o u n s ) 43 2.3 Phan t u (Participles) 70
2.3.1 Phan t u hien tai (Present Participle) 70
1 . D a i tir N h a n x u n g (Personal P r o n o u n s ) 44
2.3.2 Phan t u qua k h i i (Past Participle) 72
1.1 Dai tir nhan xung lam chu ngu (Subjective Personal Pronouns)... 44
2.3.3 N o i them ve phan t u (Participle) 74
1.2 Dai tir nhan xung lam tan ngu (Objective Personal Pronouns).. 45
3. T r p d p n g t u / D p n g tir k h i e m k h u y e t
2. D a i t i t So h u u (Possessive P r o n o u n s ) 46 ( A u x i l i a r y verbs/Defective verbs) 76
3. D a i tir Phan t h a n & D a i t i i N h a n m a n h 3.1 Trp d o n g t u (Auxiliary verbs) 76
3.2 D p n g t u k h i e m khuyet (Defective verbs) 77
(Reflexive a n d E m p h a s i z i n g P r o n o u n s ) 47
3.2.1 N o i them ve Defective verbs 77
4. D a i tir C h i d i n h ( D e m o n s t r a t i v e P r o n o u n s ) 49 3.2.2 Cach diing khac nhau giua dong t u khiem khuyet
5. D a i tir Bat d i n h ( I n d e f i n i t e P r o n o u n s ) 50 va dong t i i thuong 78
6. D a i tir Q u a n he (Relative P r o n o u n s ) 51 • C H U O N G 5 - CAC P H A N C H I N H CUA D O N G T U
(Chapter 5 - The p r i n c i p a l parts o f a verb) 79

7. D a i tir N g h i v a n (Interrogative P r o n o u n s ) 54
l . T h e (Form) 82
8. D a i t i i H o t u o n g (Reciprocal P r o n o u n s ) 55
1.1 The tiep dien (Progressive f o r m or Continuous f o r m ) 82
9. D a i tir Phan p h o i ( D i s t r i b u t i v e P r o n o u n s ) 55

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com MUC LUC-15
1 4 - MiND M A P E N G L I S H GRAMMAR
1.2 The nhan m a n h (Emphatic f o r m ) 83 • C H U O N G 6 - TINH T U

1.3 The truyen khien (Causative f o r m ) 85 (Chapter 6 - Adjectives) 109
2. T h i (Tense) 86 1. T i n h t u (Adjectives) 110

2.1 T h i hien tai (Present Tenses^ 87 1.1 T i n h tir Rieng (Proper Adjective) I l l
2.1.1 Thl hien tai don (Simple Present Tense) 87 1.2 T i n h ttt M i e u ta (Descriptive Adjective) I l l
2.1.2 Thl hien tai tiep dien (Present Continuous Tense) 89
1.3 T i n h t u So l u g n g (Adjective o f Quantity) I l l
2.1.3 Thl hien tai hoan thanh (Present Perfect Tense) 90
1.4 T i n h tir So dem (Numeral Adjective) 112
2.1.4 Thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien
1.5 T i n h tir C h i d i n h (Demonstrative Adjective) 112
(Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 91
2.2 T h i qua k h i i (Past Tenses) 92 1.6 T i n h ttt Phan biet (Distributive Adjective) 113
2.2.1 Thi qua khii don (Simple Past Tense) 92 1.7 T i n h tir Nghi van (Interrogative Adjective) 114
2.2.2 Thi qua k h i i tiep dien (Past Continuous Tense) 93 1.8 T i n h ttr So h u u (Possessive Adjective) 114
2.2.3 Thi qua khii hoan thanh (Past Perfect Tense) 94 1.9 T i n h tir Quan he (Relative Adjective) 114
2.2.4 Thi qua khii hoan thanh tiep dien
2. Cach d i i n g ciia t i n h ttr (The usage o f Adjectives) 115
(Past Perfect Continuous Tense) 95
2.3 Thi tuang lai (Future Tenses) 96 • C H U O N G 7 - TRANG T U / PHO T U
2.3.1 Thi tuang lai don (Simple Future Tense) 96 (Chapter 7 - Adverbs) 117
2.3.2 Thi tuang lai tiep dien (Future Continuous Tense) 99
1. Trang ttr (Adverbs) 118
2.3.3 Thi tuang lai hoan thanh (Future Perfect Tense) 100
1.1 Trang tir N o i ket (Conjunctive Adverb) 119
2.3.4 Thi tuong lai hoan thanh tiep dien
1.2 Trang tir Nghi van (Interrogative Adverb) 119
(Future Perfect Continuous Tense) 101
1.3 Trang tir Quan he (Relative Adverb) 119
3. C a c h ( M o o d ) 102 1.4 Trang tir T h a i gian (Adverb o f Time) 120
3.1 Chi d i n h each (Indicative m o o d ) 102
1.5 Trang tir N o i chon (Adverb o f Place) 120
3.2 M e n h lenh each (Imperative m o o d ) 102
1.6 Trang tir Cach thiic (Adverb o f Manner) 120
3.3 Dieu kien each (Conditional m o o d ) 102
1.7 Trang tir So l u g n g (Adverb o f Quantity) 121
3.4 Gia d i n h each (Subjunctive m o o d ) 103
1.8 Trang ttr Xac d i n h va Phil d i n h
4. L o i (Vbice) 105 (Adverb o f Affirmation & Negation) 121
4.1 Lam the nao d o i tir l o i chii d o n g sang l o i t h u d o n g 105
1.9 Trang ttr Tan suat/So dem
4.2 Gian do t o m tat cac t h i 6 l o i chii d o n g sang thti d o n g 106
(Adverb of Frequency or N u m b e r ) 121
4.3 Chii y d o i sang l o i t h u d o n g k h i cau chii d o n g
a dang dae biet iS^ 2. Cach d t i n g ciia trang ttr (The usage o f adverbs) 122

16 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Muc Luc 17
• C H U O N G 8 - GIOI T U • C H U O N G 1 1 - M E N H DE
( C h a p t e r s - Prepositions) 123 (Chapter 1 1 - Clauses) 144
1 . G i o i ttr (Prepositions) 124 1 . M e n h de c h i n h ( M a i n / Independent clause) 145
2 . Phan biet cac l o a i g i o i t u ? 125 2 . M e n h de p h u (Subordinate / D e p e n d e n t clause) 145

2 . 1 Menh de danh t u ( N o u n clause) 147
3 . Vai h i n h a n h de p h a n biet g i o i tir 126 2 . 2 M e n h de t i n h t u (Adjective clause) 148
4 . Cach d t i n g cua g i o i t u 127 2 . 3 M e n h de trang tir (Adverb clause) 149
• C H U O N G 9 - LIEN T U VA THAN T U • CHUONG 1 2 - CAU
(Chapter 9 - C o n j u n c t i o n s a n d Interjections) 129 (Chapter 1 2 - Sentences) 152
1 . Lien t u ( C o n j u n c t i o n s ) 130 1 . Cau d o n gian ( S i m p l e sentences) 152
1 . 1 Lien tir ket hop (Co-ordinating conj.) 131 2 . Cau kep ( C o m p o u n d sentences) 152
1.2 Lien tir p h u thuoc (Subordinating conj.) 132 3 . Cau p h i i c ( C o m p l e x sentences) 152
2 . T h a n ttr (Interjections) 134 4 . Cau h o n h o p ( C o m p o u n d - C o m p l e x sentences) 152

2 . 1 Q u y tac ngu phap 1 134
2 . 2 Q u y tac ngu phap 2 135 P H A N 4 ( PART 4 )
• C H U O N G 1 3 - C A C H DUNG
P H A N 3 ( PART 3 ) (Chapter 1 3 - Usage) 153
• C H U O N G 10 - C U M T U / N H O M T U A. T r u o n g h o p (case) 154
(Chapter 1 0 - C r o u p o f w o r d s ) 136 1 . T r u o n g h g p c h i i each ( N o m i n a t i v e case) 154
C u m t u (Phrase) 137 2 . T r u o n g h g p t a n each (Accusative case) 155
1 . C u m g i o i ttr (Prepositional phrase) 138 3 . T r u o n g h g p d u each (Dative case) 157
2 . C u m t h u o c d o n g ttr (Verbal phrase) 140 4 . T r u o n g h g p so h u u each (Possessive case) 157

2 . 1 C u m phan t u (Participle phrase) 141
2 . 2 C u m danh d o n g ttr (Gerundial phrase) 142 5 . T r u o n g h g p h o each (Vocative case) 160
2 . 3 C u m d o n g t u nguyen the (Infinitive phrase) 143 B. Sir h o a j i g p dai tir ( P r o n o u n agreement) 160

^ ^ c , « < ^ ....
18 M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR Muc Luc - 1 9
C. Su hoa hop giua chu ngu va dong t u Phu luc 5 - Phep so sanh cua tinh tu va trang tCr
(Subject - Verb Agreement) 163 (Appendix 5 - The comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs) 200
• C H U O N G 14 - P H A N T I C H T U L O A I Phu luc 6 - So sanh kep
(Chapter 14 - Parsing) 166 (Appendix 6 - Double Comparison) 207
1. D a n h t u ( N o u n ) 167 Phu luc 7 - Cau noi true tiep va cau noi gian tiep
(Appendix 7 - Direct speech and indirect speech/
2. Dai t u (Pronoun) 169
Reported speech) 212
3. T i n h t u (Adjective) 170
Phu luc 8 - Dang rtit ngan ciia dong t u
4. Trang t u (Adverb) 171 (Appendix 8 - Shortened form of verbs) 221
5. Dong t u bien vi/gidi han (Finite verb) 172 Phu luc 9 - Bang dong t u bat quy tac
6. Danh dong tit (Gerund) 173 (Appendix 9 - List of irregular verbs) 223
7. Phan t u (Participle or Verbal adjective) 173 Phu luc 10 - Huc^ng dan each ve Ban Do Tu Duy
(Appendix 10 - How to draw M i n d Maps) 231
8. Dong t u nguyen the/ Dong t u khong bien vi
(Infinitive or Non-finite verb) 174
P H A N 6 ( PART 6) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• P H U L U C (APPENDIX)
Phu luc 1 - Dau nhan am/Dau trong am

(Appendix 1 - Accent mark/stress mark) 177
Phu luc 2 - Cau dieu kien

(Appendix 2 - Conditional sentences-If clause) 182
-Phu luc 3 - Ung dung dac biet cua dong tu - Cau tra loi ngan
(Appendix 3 - Short responses) 182
Phu luc 4 - Cau hoi duoi '

(Appendix 4 - Tag questions) 191

De cuon sach "Mind Map Enghsh Grammar" giiip nguoi hoc

dat hieu qua, tac gia thiet nghi can neu ra mot so vuong mac neu
C O , de duoc su dong thuan va thong hieu ciia nguoi hoc truoc khi
bat tay vao viec hoc tap.
f " M I N D MAPS" LA GI? ) i

C H a O N G DAN N H A ? Theo tieng Viet, " m i n d maps" duoc dich la "ban do t u duy".
No la mot cong cu hoan hao de giiip ta thiet lap thong t i n chi
tren mot to giay. N h a no nguoi ta c6 the tom tat toan bo mot
cuon sach theo each la nguoi do chi can nha lai nhung dieu ca
ban. Dieu chinh a day la khong duoc chii y den chi tiet vi bo
6c cua chiing ta chi thich nha nhung y tuang hay tir ngu chu
yeu ma thoi.
T U D A U C O " M I N D MAPS"? )
Cha de ciia "mind maps" la Tony Buzan. Ong sinh nam 1942
tai Luan Don va tot nghiep tai truang Dai hoc British Columbia
nam 1964 vai hoc vi danh du kep ve Tarn ly hoc, Tieng Anh,
Toan va Khoa hoc thuang thiic.
Tony Buzan va cong su cua ong da giiip cho hang trieu nguai tren
the giai sii dung tri 6c ciia ho mot each c6 hieu qua. Viec ve ban
do t u duy nay la mot ky thuat cua nghe thuat tao hinh giiip lam
phong phii tiem nang ciia nao bo. Nguai ta c6 the ting dung ky
thuat phac hpa nay trong mpi khia canh ciia dai song de cai tien
viec hpc hoac vach r6 nhung muc tieu dang thach thiic chiing ta.
LAM T H E NAO D E BIET VE " M I N D MAPS"?

V .
Tham khao phan phu luc a cuoi sach: "Huong dan each ve Ban
doTuduy".

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com C H U O N G D A N N H A P - 23
22 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
D I E M G I O N G VA K H A C N H A U GILTA " E N G L I S H GRAMMAR

M I N D MAPS" VA " M I N D MAP E N G L I S H GRAMMAR" LA GI ?
G i o n g n h a u : cting m u c di'ch hoc tap

Khac n h a u : p h u a n g phap hoc jtap ( t h u d o n g va c h i i d o n g )
* "ENGLISH GRAMMAR MIND MAPS": hup://www.

usingmindmaps.com/enghsh-grammar-mind-map-tutor.html
Tac gia t r l n h bay tat ca cac n p i d u n g b a i hoc b a n g b a n d o t u duy.

( V o i each hoc nay n g u o i hoc se b i t h u d o n g . )
* " M I N D MAP E N G L I S H GRAMMAR'": N o i d u n g b a i hoc dupe

tac gia t r l n h bay t o r n tat, de h i e u , de n h o , v u i mat theo b a n d o t r i
thuc, m o t dang each t a n ciia b a n d o t u duy. Tuy n h i e n , yeu eau
n g u o i h p c sau k h i hpc, h i e u , thupe n p i d u n g bai hpc. H p p h a i t u
ve b a n d o t u d u y bai h p c d o de n h a lau h o n . C u o i quyen sach c6
h u a n g d a n n g u o i hpc each ve. ( V o i each h p c nay n g u o i hpc se chu
dong hon.)
V i d u : N p i d u n g bai h p c dupe the h i e n theo 2 each sau:
English G r a m m a r Mind Maps Mind Maps English G r a m m a r

CHAPTER 1
V A I D I N H NGHiA
•
T i r KHO
SOME DEFINITIONS OF
DIFFICULT TERMS

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com C H U O N G 1 - VA! DINH NGHiA TU KHO - 2 7
2 6 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
1. SENTENCE (Cau)
SENTENCE
Cau la m o t n h o m t u d i e n dat t r p n ven m o t y nghia.
M o t cau g o m c6 m o t c h i i l i g i i (a subject) va m o t v i n g u
(a predicate).
Subject Predicate
Auxiliary Predication
as
Operator
; a sentence ',
.We would search the room carefully,
Vd: - He walks. .We didn't do so.
(S) (V)
-We love h i m .
(S) (V) (D.O.)
-I send a letter (to) him.

(S) (V) (D.O.) (I.e.) SENTENCE
J
Y
Subject
Predicate
Leader Told Story

Viet tat:
• S: Subject (Chu ngu) • D.O.; Direct object (Tan ngu true tiep)
•4 yCompai
ny
T \r \
^ Salary
• V;- Verb (Dpng tit) • I.O.: Indirect object (Tan ngugidn tiep) •4 Labor

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 1 VAieiNH NGHIATUKHO 29
2. S U B J E C T (Chu ngfl) 4. C O M P L E M E N T (Bo ngfl)

- Bo ngu la mot t u hay mot cum tir diing sau noi dong tir / tu
La mot tir hay mot nhom tir dat ten cho nguoi,
dong tir (Intransitive verb) cho biet them thong tin ve chii ngu
con vat hay do vat hoac khai niem ma no thuc
oiadpngtudo.
hien hanh dong dugc dien,^ta boi dong tu.
- Bo ngu thuong diing sau mot so dong t u n h u : to be (th'i,
la, 6), appear (c6 ve), feel (cam thay), look (c6 ve), seem (hinh
Vd: Bill goes to school. [ Bill la subject
(S) ^(V)
nhu), taste (c6 vi), smell (c6 m i i i ) , . . .
- Ngoai le: Doi voi cau noi dao ngu (Inversion):

3. O B J E C T (Tan ngir) ^
+ There is a book. [ "a book" la chu ngii ]
Tan ngu c6 the la mot danh tu hay mot cum danh tu diing + There are two books. [ "two books" la chu ngu ]
ngay sau ngoai dong tu / tha dong tir (Transitive Verb). - Bo ngu c6 the o l\rong 11 dang duoi day :
Vd: - Mr. Peter[scoldedj his son last night.

(Vt) (D.O.)
(Ong Peter mSng con trai ong ta toi qua.)
-He [boughtI a shirt yesterday.
(Vt) (D.O.)
(Anh ta da mua 1 cai ao so m i ngay hom qua.)
Naoai le: Mot so ngoai dong tu can c6 hai tan ngu (Distransitive Verbs):
nhu: to teach, to give, to buy, to send, to receive, ...
Vd: , - Mr. Brown gives his son a watch

Hay (Vt) (I.O.) (D.O.)
»• - Mr. Brown gives a watch to his son.
(Vt) (D.O.) (I.O.)
(Ong Brown dua cho con trai mot chiec dong ho.)
r - Mrs.Green |buys| her husband a shirt.

Hay (Vt) (I.O) (D.O.)
• - Mrs.Green |buys| a shirt | for | her husband.
(Vt) (D.O.) (I.O.)
(Ba Green dua cho chong mot cai ao.)
Viet tat:
• Vt: Transitive verb (Ngoai dong til)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 1 - VAI D|NH NGHiA TU KHO - 31
30 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
5. ANTECEDENT (Tu" diing trucfc/Tien ngU) 7. PERSON (Ngoi)
La m o t t u hay m o t n h o m tir d i i n g p h i a trudc, c6 hen he v a i La b i e n each ciia d a i tir va d o n g t u .

ttr d i i n g sau c6 the la t i n h t u , dai t u q u a n he.
Gom:
• D a i t u c h u each (dai t u l a m c h i i ngu):
Bill forgets his book Ngu&i dang not (I, we).
Nguoi nghe, ngu&i duoc noi vai (you).
[ B i l l la antecedent ciia his]
Ngu&i duQ!c noi ve (he, she, it, they).
Mr. B r o w n
who I k n o w s T o m is a doctor, /A • D a i t u t a n each (dai tir l a m tan n g u ) :
(S, j f (V2) {02)(V,)
- 1st Person (ngoi I): me, us (ngoi t h i i nhat so it, so nhieu)
Mr. B r o w n la antecedent ciia w h o ]
• - 2 n d Person ( n g o i I I ) : y o u ( n g o i t h i i hai so it, so n h i e u )
^ - 3rd Person (ngoi III): h i m , her, it, them (ngoi t h i i ba so i t so nhieu)

6. APPOSITIVE (Dong vi ngO)
La d a n h t u dat ke l i e n m o t d a n h t u khac (antecedent) c6 8. N U M B E R (So)

dau [phay] m a ca h a i cting chi c h u n g m o t n g u o i , m o t
La sv b i e n each ciia d p n g tir, dai tir hay d a n h tir.
vat the de t h o n g t i n r o ve n g u o i hay vat d o .
Gom:
- Mr. T a n , the teacher, is m y father. - So i t (singular): C h i tir " 1 " [There is one hag.]
- So n h i e u ( p l u r a l ) : C h i tir " 2 " t r a len [There are three bags.]

[the teacher la apposittve vai Mr. Tdn.j
singular plural
Last n i g h t , there was a b i g fire at Pattaya / a province o f T h a i l a n d .
[a province Id appositive voi Pattaya]

32 M I N D M A P ENGLISH G R A M M A R CHUONG 1 - VAl D|NH NGHIA TU KHO - 33
9. GENDER (Giong)
No ciing c6 the la nguyen the / nguyen mau:
Trong tieng Anh, giong khong tac dong, den chiic nang
trong ngu phap.
• Infinitive (Nguyen the) dupe dung nhu:
Gom: ^
- Due (mascuhne): (Boy, man ...)
- Mot trang tir: bo nghia cho mot tinh tir.
- Cai (feminine): (Girl, woman ...)
- Trung tinh (neuter): (Dog, cat...)
- Chung (common): (Parents ...) Vd: It was too expensive TO BUY that book
(adj) t
10. VERBAL (Thuoc dong tii)
(adv = infinitive)
(That qua dat khong the mua noi sach do.)

La hinh thiic dong t u phai bo "To", them "ING" vao sau
no. No CO the la:
- Mot danh tit: chir ngir cho mot dpng ttr.
• Gerund (Danh dpng tir): Diing nhu mot danh tii, nghia
la CO the lam chu each (nominative case) hay tan each Vd: TO SING is merry.
(objective case) cho mot dong tu. (S) A (verb)
(noun = infinitive)
Vd: SwimmlNG is good. I like swimmlNG.
I (S) (verb)^ (verb) I I CO)

(Ca hat la vui ve)
• Participle (Phan ttr): Diing n h u mot tinh tir bo nghia
cho mot danh ttr (modifying a noun).
- Mot tinh tir: bo nghia cho mot danh tir.
Vd: An amusING story
I (M) A (noun)
Vd: I have much monev TO SAVE
• (a present participle = adj.) (noun) f (adj = infinitive)
An interesting story
* I (M) I (noun) (Toi CO nhieu tien de danh dum.)
; •( a present participle = adj.)
hoae cau tren c6 the viet:
An boring play
I have a lot of money from saving up.
• I (M) I (noun)
• (a present participle = adj.)
Viet tdt:
• S: Subject (CM ngu) • O: Object (Tan ngii) • M: Modify (Bo nghia)
3 4 - M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR
11. ELLIPSIS (Phep tinh luoc)
La phep bo bat tir ma cau van van diing.

[Phan bo bat duac hieu ngam]
White " I was" working, saw her.
(ciingchu tit)
(Trong khi (toi) lam viec, toi trong thay c6 ta.)
•• While working, I saw her.
The boy ^X^^^)'^/' I'm looking for goes far away.
(Cau be ma toi dang t l m kiem di xa roi.)
# The boy I'm looking for goes far away.
12. I D I O M (Thanh nga)
Tir LOAI
La loai cau noi quen dting ciia ngirai ban xu, khong can
chii y den ngu phap va tu vung.
Vd:
- It rains cats and dogs (Trai mua tarn ta.) 8 PARTS OF SPEECH
- She kicked the bucket. (Ba ta da chau Trai roi.)

8 tir loai, gom c6: CHAPTER 2

NOUNS
(Danh tir)
ONOUNS
(Dai tu) A.TU' DUNG
VERBS DE DAT TEN
(Dong tu) •
(NAMING WORDS)
ADJECTIVES
(Tinh tu)
ADVERBS
(Trang tu hay Pho tu) DANH TU
J l PREPOSITIONS 9k
(Gioi tu)
(NOUNS)
CONJUNCTIONS
(Lien tu)
INTERJECTIONS
(Than tu)
A
w 111 11
38 - M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG2 DANHTU-39
I DANH TU 1. CAC LOAI DANH T t (Kinds of nouns):
(Novins) 7. Count nouns/

1. Common
Countable nouns
nouns (Danh tir
(Danh tti dem
chung): La danh
Danh tu la tu diing de dat ten nguoi, con vat, do vat, su duoc): La danh tit
tir chi mpt Idp
! 6. Mass nouns/ chi ten nhtmg gi c6
viec, khai niem hay trang thai. the dem duoc.
nguoi, con vat, do
Uncountable nouns vat cirng mpt loai.
(Danh tu khong Vd: a table, a chair,
Vd: man, cat,
I dem duoc): La danh a boy...
chair, teacher...
I ' tit chi so dong.
> Vd: wood, gold,
I iron, copper,
I water...
2. Proper nouns
(Danh tit rieng):
5. Abstract nouns La danh tir chi ten
(Danh tir triru rieng nen phai viet
tU0ng): La danh til hoa.
chi mpt y tudng, Vd: Mr.Tam,
pham chat ma ta Paris, Micheal
ichong nhan biet Jackson...
duoc bang giac quan.
Vd: peace, love,
success, friendship...
5. Collective nouns
4. Concrete nouns
(Danh tir tap hop):
(Danh tir cu the):
La danh tir chi mpt sd
La danh til chi
nguoi, cpn vat, do vat
nhang gi nhan bi6't
duoc coi nhu mOt don
duoc bSng cac giac
vi (a unit).
quan (tai, mSt,
Vd: army, team,
mui, tay...).
government, family,
Vd: house,
flock (dan) -» a flock
water, hospital,
of birds (dan chim),
restaurant...
herd (bay) -» a herd
of horses (bay ngya)
I
4 0 ' MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 2 - DANH TU - 4 1
2. C A CC H U C NANG CIJA D A N H T U 3. DANH T U D E M D U O C VA DANH T U K H O N G

(Grammatical functions of nouns) DEM DUOC
(Count nouns/Countable nouns & Mass nouns/
1. Chu ngu cho mot dong t u (Subject of a verb). Uncountable nouns)
Vd: Cats eat mice. (Meo an chupt.)
(S) JiV) (O)
2. Tan ngu true tiep (D.O.) cho mpt dpng tu. MASS NOUNS COUNT NOUNS
(Object of a verb). or UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS or COUNTABLE NOUNS
(Danh t u khong dem dupe) (Danh tir dem dupe)
Vd: I like apples. (Toi thich tao.)
(S) (V)t ^(O)
• MILK (Sua)
3. Tan ngu tryc tiep (D.O.) va gian tiep (I.O.) cho
much milk (nhieu sua) a glass of milk (1 ly sua)
mpt dpng t u CO hai tan ngu.
little milk (it sua) 2 glasses of milk (2 ly sua)
Vd: I give h i m a hat. (Toi cho anh ta mpt cai non.)
(S) (V) (I.O.) (D.O.)
• COFFEE (Ca phe)
4. Tan ngu cho mpt gidi t u (Object of a preposition). much coffee (nhieu ca phe) a cup of coffee (1 tach ca phe)
Vd: I wait for my friend. (Toi dpi ban toi.) little coffee (it ca phe) 3 cups of coffee (3 tach ca phe)
(S) (V) (prep) (O)
T • GASOLINE (Xang)
much gasoline (nhieu xSng) a gallon of gasoline (1 galong xang)
5. Bo ngu /Danh t u vi ngu (Complement or Predicative noun)
litde gasoline (it xang) 4 gallons of gasoline (4 galong xang)
Vd: This is my book.
\ (to be)
4_
(predicative noun) • BREAD (Banh m i )
much bread (nhieu banh mi) a loaf of bread (1 6 banh mi)
(Day la cuon sach ciia toi.)
\
6. D o n g v i ngu (Appositive)
litde bread (it banh mi) 3 loaves of bread (3 6 banh mi)
• CHALK (Phan Viet)

Vd: Mr. Robert, my teacher , taught me English yesterday.
much chalk (nhieu phan) a piece of chalk (1 vien phan)
I = — - I (appositive) [My teacher is an apposition to Mr. Robert.]
litde chalk (it phan) 3 pieces of chalk (3 vien phan)
(6ng Robert, thay toi, da day toi tieng Anh h o m qua.)

CHUONG 3 - BAI TU - 43
CHAPTER 3 DA] TV
(Pronovins)
C A C L O A I D A I T I J (Kinds of pronouns)
Dai t u la t u thay the cho m o t danh t u .
» TU* DUNG Co 9 loai dai t u sau day:
DE DAT TEN
•
(NAMING WORDS]
/j.. Possessive^\
( 9. D i s t r i b u t i v e s
n)ronouns my X^pronounsX
DAI Tir 8. Reciprocal

pronouns
C9
^ - ^ / 3. Reflexive &
L
(PRONOUNS)
PRONOUNS^. Emphasizing
pronouns
^ Interrogative
• M . DemonstrativeN.
pronouns
>s„pronouns
C 6!êlative^"'^\*'*N
pronouns/ v^^p^ronouns/

4 4 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 3-DAI T U - 4 5
1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS (Dai tii Nhan xung) 1.2 - Objective Personal Pronouns: Com 7 ttr
(Dai tCr nhan xung lam tan ngir)
1.1- Subjective Personal Pronouns: Gom 7 tii
(Dai tir nhan xung lam chii ngii)
•.I
YOU
YOU
Vd:
1-1 have a cat. It is a pet.
(S) (V) (S) (V)
3- We bought these books. They are new.

I I
(S) (V) (S) (V)
T f
4 6 - M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG3-DAI TU-47
^ 2. P O S S E S S I V E P R O N O U N S (Dai tu So huu)
G6m 7 tu:
Possessive Adj + N o u n (lap l a i ) = Possessive P r o n o u n

YOURS
HIS
MINE
My book # MINE
Your book * YOURS
(Danh tit lap lai)

7 Possessive
Pronouns
His chair # HIS
Their chair ^ THEIRS
OURS (Danh til lap hi)
{• THEIRS •
: 3. R E F L E X I V E AND EMPHASIZING PRONOUNS
(Dai tu Phan than va Dai tu Nhan manh) ^
G6m 8 tu:
Vd:
Ngoi 1 Ngoi 2 Ngoi 3
1- Here is m y book. YQiipfeoOlT is over there.
' * ' HIMSELF
YOURS is over there.
So it HERSELF
2- Mary's (house) is green. MyAcrtlse" is white. MYSELF YOURSELF
(Singular)
ITSELF
MINE is white.
ONESELF
3- Their m o t o r b i k e s are o l d . QuLN4etorfatkes~^ are new.
» ^ ' So nhieu
OURSELVES YOURSELVES THEMSELVES
OURS are new. (Plural)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG3-DAI TU 49
C A C H DONG (USAGE)
1. D a i tir p h a n t h a n c6 tac d u n g n h a n m a n h , goii la 4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Emphasizing p r o n o u n s
(Dai tir Chi dinh)
a. K h i n o nhan m a n h vao chu ngu (Subject) hay tan ngu
(Object) cua no. Ta dich la " C H I N H " . Com 6 tu:
V d : - [T] myself do this ecercise.

ONE
( C h i n h toi lam bai tap nay.)
- IHel walks to school himself. V d : There are t w o shirts o n the table.
( C h i n h anh ay d i t o i tarong.) The red O N E is m i n e . The b l u e O N E is yours.

- She looks for [the dog| itself.
(Co ay t i m c h i n h con cho do.)

ONES
b. Khi no diing lien ke sau chu "BY". Ta dich la " M O T M i N H " .
V d : There are m a n y ties i n the shop.
Vd: - T o m goes home |by | h i m s e l f
This b l u e one is yours.
(Tom d i ve nha m o t m i n h . ) (S) (V)
Those red ones are m i n e .
hay: Tom goes home alone.
(S) (V)
- She stands at the bus station [by] herself.
( C o ta d i i n g a t r a m xe b u y t m o t m m h . ) THIS
hay: She stands at the bus station alone. 6 Demonstrative V d : This is m y b o o k .
(S) (V)
Pronouns
2. D a i tir p h a n t h a n k h o n g c6 tac d u n g n h a n m a n h , g o i la THESE

Reflexive p r o n o u n s .
V d : These are m y bags.
Khi no dugc d i i n g de chi nguoi thuc hien viia la chii ngu (S) (V)
(Subject) cung vtra la tan ngu (Object) ciia hanh dong. Ta
dich la "Tir".
THAT
V d : -|)ane| watches herself i n the m i r r o r .
V d : That is her pen.
(Jane tir m i n h soi guang.) (S) (V)
THOSE
- T] b o u g h t myself a shirt last week.
V d : Those are y o u r cars.
( T o i t u m i n h m u a cai ao so m i t u a n r o i . ) (S) (V)

5 0 - M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR C H U O N G 3 - O A I TU 5 1
5. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS (Dai tu Bat dinh) 6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tu Quan he)
Gom 15 tir: Dai tu quan he diing thay the cho mot danh tu hay mot dai tir diing
truac va noi menh de phu voi mot menh de khac trong cau. Gom:
1 0 . E I T H E R (moi mot) 1. N O O N E (chang c6 ai)
> , Thay the NGl/CII Thay the VAT Chi sd hflu " M A . . . C U A "
Vd; Either of you can go out. ; Vd: No one goes home. Cliu nguf W H O (ma) WHICH (ma) WHOSE = OF W H I C H (ma ... cua)
Tanngfl W H O M (ma) W H I C H (ma) WHOSE (ma ... cua) dung cho NGl/Ol
2 . N O T H I N G (chang c6 gi)
\. E A C H (moi) D*cM«t THAT (mi), AS (mi), WHAT (dilu m i / c i i m i ) , BUT ( m i khdng)
Vd: Nothing is important.
; Vd: Each has his own lesson.
6.1 W H O (subject) dugc dich la " M A " thay the cho tu diing
/ /
1 2 . A L L (tat ca) 3 . N O B O D Y (chang c6 ai)

Vd: Nobody comes here. truoc (tien tri tu / antecedent) chi nguoi.
Vd: All study well.
4 . S O M E O N E (nguai nao do) Vd: Of
11 Vd: Someone sends me a letter. THE (s,)MAN W H O teaches
J(V,)
me(0,)(VJ
is Mr Brown.
1 , 1 /
(dieu/cai gi do)
5. S O M E T H I N G
(Ngu&i dan ong day toi la ong Brown.)
15 Indefinite Vd: I buy something to eat. ma
Pronouns (nguoi nao do)
6. S O M E B O D Y 6.2 W H O M (object) cung ducrc dich la " M A " , thay the cho tu
Vd: Somebody must know her. diing truoc chi nguoi. | W H O M | C 6 the bo va dugc hieu ngam.
Vd: v : , , , . ,
7 . A N Y O N E (bat cii ai) I H E B O Y ^ ^ ^ I teach is Tom.

Vd: Anyone helps her. (S2) (o (V2) ( " w h o m " lam
"object" CO t h e b 6 |
13. EVERYONE (mpi ngudi) 8 . A N Y T H I N G (bat cii cai gl) (Cau be ma toi day la Tom.)
Vd: Everyone is here. Vd: I don't know anything. 6.3 W H I C H (subject va object) cung dugc dich la " M A " , thay
\
the cho tir diing truoc chi con vat hoac do vat.
\
14. EVERYTHING (mpi thii) 9 . A N Y B O D Y (bat cii ai)

Vd: Everything is good. Vd: Anybody can sing a song.
THE DOG W H I C H is barking is Ki Ki. Z.^C
15. EVERYBODY (moi nguoi) (S2)
I /f. , /rTTI I 777 \ n /1
(V2)
«2r*tr
Vd: Everybody is friendly.

(Con cho [maj no dang sua Id Ki Ki.)
52 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 3-DAI TU - 53
N H U N G T R U O N G H O P S A U P H A I D U N G "THAT" T H A Y C H O
WHICH (object) c6 the bo de hieu ngdm. "WHO, W H O M , W H I C H " KHI:
Vd: The cat 'j^^Jwdif have is black. • a. Tu diing truoc gom nhieu tir hon hgp khac nhau chi nguoi,
(S2) (Oii^S,)] f(V,) (V2)
dgng vat, do vat.
(Con meo ma tot CO thi mau dm.) Vd: - He told me about the people and the cities THAT he had
seen on his tour.
6.4 W H O S E dugc dich la " M A C U A " , thay the cho tir diing tmac - I saw a lot of people, cattle and carts THAT went to the market.
chi nguoi va vat so huu diing a phia truac. • b. Tu dung tmoc di voi cac dai tu khong xac dinh nhu Anything,
Vd: The man, WHOSE son 1 know, is Dick. Something, Everything, Anybody, All, Some, Any, No, Every, Much...
(S2) Vd: - Answer all (the) questions THAT I asked you.
- You can ask anybody THAT you meet.
(Nguoi dan dug md con trai dm dug ta
-All THATI can say is this.
toi biet la Dick.)
- AH THAT glitters is not gold. (Tuc ngu)
dugc dich la " M A . . . CUA", chi vat va do vat sg huu
6.5 O F W H I C H (Dirng tin ve be ngoai/cho thay sang ma ngo la vang.)
diing a phia tmoc. • c. Tit diing truoc di voi tinh tir so sanh tuyet doi (cue cap), ke ca
Lull y: Ta c6 the diing "Whose" thay cho "of which"
FIRSTvaLAST
Vd: -He was the first person THAT broke the silence.
Vd: The cat | the eyes of which \e blue is old.
• d. Tir dung truoc di voi ONLY (duy nhat) - VERY (chinh)
fS,j (S2) (VJ (V,)
Vd: - This is the verv dictionary THAT I'm looking for.
hoac: The cat | whose eyes] are blue is old.
-1 bought the only book THAT they had.
(Con meo ma doi mat cua no mau xanh thi gid.)
6.6 T H A T (ma)
6.7 A S(ma)
"AS" thuong dugc dung dung sau SUCH, SAME, AS
"THAT" CO the thay the cho "WHO" va "WHICH" voi cac dieu
Vd: - SUCH things AS he sees are strange.
kien sau:
- This is the SAME lesson AS I have learnt.
Vd: I Dogs and cats | which I raise are my pets.
(S2) (O,) (S,) (V,) (V2)
(dieu ma, cai ma)
6.8 W H A T
"WHAl" (= the thing(s) WHICH)
[Nhung con cho vd meo md toi nuoi Id thu cung cua toi.) Vd: She can understand WHAT you mean.
^ Co the thay the bang THAT: (She can understand the things which you mean.)
6.9 B U T (ma khong)
Viet lai: Dogs and cats | THATi l raise are my pets. "BUT" (= Who not, which not)
(SJ (O,) (S,) (V,) ^ (V^
Vd: - There is no one BUT (who does not) knows her.
54 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 3-DAI TU - 55
7. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tu Nghi van) 8. R E C I P R O C A L PRONOUNS (Dai tir Ho tuong)

Dai t u nghi van la dai tu dung de dat cau hoi (Questions).
Gom c6: Trong tieng Viet, ca hai dai t u sau day deu dugc dich la
"LAN N H A U " , nhung trong tieng Anh ta nen phan biet ro
C h i ngudi WHO WHOM WHOSE W H I C H (OF) hai truong hop sau:
(ai) (ai) (cua ai) (ai trong so)
• Neu chi c6 2 nguai ta dung EACH OTHER.
C h i do vat WHAT W H I C H (OF) • Neu t u 2 nguai t r a len ta diing ONE ANOTHER.
(cai gi) (cai gi trong so)
• Ngay nay, ngudi ta dung pho bien "EACH OTHER".
Com 2 t u
EACH OTHER ONE A N O T H E R

(Ian nhau); (cung nhau) (Ian nhau); (cung nhau)
i
Vd: We ought to help Vd: Everyone should love
(S) (V) (S) (V)
EACH OTHER ONE A N O T H E R

(O)
fOj
[Chung ta (anh va toi) [Moi ngifdi hay thiiang
nen giiip d5 Ian nhau.] yeu nhau/ Ian nhau.]
9. DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tir Phan phoi)
Com c6: EACH, EITHER, NEITHER

Cach dung: Dugc dung voi mot dong tir 6 so it (singular)
Vd: - Each has a motorbike i n this family.

(Trong gia dlnh nay moi ngudi c6 1 xe may.)
- Either of you has to go.
(Moi nguai trong cac anh phai di.)
- Neither receives money.
(Chang ai nhan dugc tien.)
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 4 - DONG TU 57
CHAPTER 4 DONG TU
I (Verbs)
La t u dung de dien ta mot hanh dong hay mot trang thai.
Lm y:
- Dong tu chi hanh dong gom TRANSITIVE va INTRANSITIVE VERBS
B.Tir DUNG DE CHI - Dong tir chi trang thai la LINKING VERBS / COPULA hay
HANH DQNG COPULATIVE VERBS
(ASSERTING WORDS)
DONG T U
(VERBS)

5 8 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 4 - D O N G TU- 5 9
2.1 Infinitives
C A C LOAI D O N G T U
"WITH TO" "WITHOUT TO"
(Kinds of verbs) V d : She asks m e t o go n o w . V d : Thev make me cry.
VERBS 2.2 Gerunds

V d : Peter enjoyed l e a r n i n g w i t h his teacher.
SECTION 2 S<ldown,plo»se!
1. FINITE VERBS: 3. AUXILIARY Thank you!
• Form 2. N O N - F I N I T E VERBS A N D
• Tense VEBRS: DEFECTIVE
• Mood • Form VERBS
• Voice
• Tense
• Mood
• Voice
2.3 Participles
1) Present participle: V + i n g ^ A D J / N O U N
V d : - A sleeping c h i l d (as an adjective t o m o d i f y a n o u n )
(adj)\(M)J( (noun)
- 1 saw h i m s t u d y i n g here.
(pp)
2) Past participle: X^j, ^ ADJ
V d : - a b r o k e n chair
(3) \mJinoun)
- an educated person
(3) \jMl/ (noun)
3) Perfect participle: H a v i n g + V^^j (active voice)

H a v i n g + been + V ^ j (passive voice)
V d : - . . . H a v i n g eaten...
- . . . H a v i n g been eaten...

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 4 - D O N G TU - 6 1
r SECTION i ; Lam the nao de phan biet giua Transitive" va "Intransitive" Verbs?
1. FINITE VERBS/FINITES (DQNG T U BIEN V I / D O N G TIT Ta dat cau hoi "Ai?" hoac "Cai gi?" a sau dong t u do de hoi ma ta
GIOI HAN) > tra Icri duoc, thi dong t u do la Transitive va nguoc lai.
Noi khac di da la Transitive verbs thi phai c6 Object theo sau.

Com:
Vd: - We see him. [Chung toi thay ai?]
1.1 Transitive verbs (Ngoai/Tha dong t u ) : la dong t u can c6
(D.O.)
[Chung toi thay anh ta?]
tan ngu true tiep (Direct object), viet tat la "D.O."
Transitive
Mot vai dong t u nhu: to eat, to teach, to see, to tell, to love, -They buy two books. [Chung no mua cai gi?]
to bring, to play... ~T(Vt) (D.O.)
Vd:I like him. [Thich ai? ^ Thich han] Transitive [Chiiug uo mua hai cuon sach.]
Nhung: - They sit down. [Chiing no ngoi xuong cai gi?] (Sai)
(Vt) I I (P.O.)
We studv English. [Hoc cai gi? Hoc Anh van] \ [Chiing no ngoi xuong ai?] (Sai)
Mransitive [Chiing uo ugoi xuong.] ( D i i nghia)
(Vt){ \(D.O.)
CHI C l I U 2:
1.2 Intransitive verbs (Noi/Tu dong t u ) : la dong tu, diing
mot m i n h d i i nghia. Mot so dong tir kho phan biet giua Transitive" va "Intransitive" \feibs
Mot vai dong tu nhu: to go, to come, to walk, to laugh, to cry,
to die, to arrive...
Vd: - She always smiles. [Co ta luon luon m i m cuoi.] To lay To set To raise
(Vi)
Transitive (dat nam) (de) (gic)
- He sits down. [Anh ta ngoi xuong.]
Verbs
m (Ngoai dong tir)
Vd: I lay a Vd: You set a Vd: She raises
- My son cried last night. [Con trai toi khoc toi qua.] pen. pen to paper. her hand.
(Vi)
- He is sleeping now. [Hien gio anh ay dang ngii.] To lie To sit To rise
(Vi)
Intransitive (nam) (ngoi) (moc)
Verbs
Viet tdt: Vd: We lie i n Vd: They sit Vd: The sun
(NOi dong tir)
bed. down. rises i n the east.
• Vt: Transitive verb
• Vi: Intransitive verb
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 4 -OONG TU -6 3
GHI CHU 3:
Mot so l i n k i n g verbs Vi t r i diing Vidu
Mot so dong tCr c6 the vua la Transitive verbs vua la Intransitive verbs
To smell (c6 miii) Sau cac dong She is getting poor.
(v) (adj)
To taste (c6 vi) tit lien ket
Mot so dong tu nhu: to eat,«to stop, to open, to break, to move, to • This cake tastes sweet.
To become (tra thanh) la tinh tit M (adj)
ring, to burn, to begin, to close, to continue,...
To feel (cam thay) (adjectives),
To prove (chiing to) thay V I trang
Vd: - Mr. Brov^^n is eating a cake. - Mr. Brown is eating.
To look (c6 ve, tir (adverbs)
(Vt) (O) (Vi)
- He stopped the bus. - The bus stopped. trong CO ve)
(Vt) (O) (Vi) To grow (tra nen, - Garlic smells strong.
Hoac.theo (v) (adj)
- He broke a cup - The cup broke. tra thanh) - She looks pretty.
sau no la
(Vt) (0) (Vi) To sound (nghe) fvj (adj)
danh tir. No - The leaves turn yellow.
Vdthem: To appear = to l o o k
la bo ngu (v) (adj)
- 1 can't conceive what you say. (c6 ve) (La nga mau vang).
(complement)
(VtJ To keep (giu cho,
(Toi khong the hinh dung dieu anh noi.) va CO tinh - It turns cold.
lam cho) (v) (adj)
tir theo sau (Trai tro ret).
- She conceives at last. To seem (hinh nhu)
(Vi) gpi la tinh
To remain (van (con)) - The woolen rug keeps
(Cuoi Cling CO ta mang thai.) tir bo ngu
To turn (nga sang, the baby warm. '^^
- We grow rice here. (predicative (n)IC (adj)
tra nen,
(Vt) adjective).
(Chung toi trong liia a day.) tra thanh) (Chiec men len giu cho
To get (c6 duQfc) dua be am.).
- Rice grows well here.
(Vi)
(Liia mpc tot a day.)
1.3 Linkins verbs (Dong t u lien ket): diing de dien ta sg: lien
quan giua chu ngu (subject) va bo ngu (complement), chii
khong phai tan ngu (object).

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG4-B0NGTU 6 5
64 M I N D M A P ENGLISH G R A M M A R
^SECTION 2 2J.I Infinitive With "To" (Nguyen the c6 "To")
2. NON-FINITE VERBS/NON-FINITES (DONG T U KHONG

BIEN V I / D O N G T U KHONG GIOI HAN)
Com:
2.1 Infinitives ( D p n g tir nguyen the h o j c nguyen mau)
•. / " " - ; : ^ to arrange (sap xep),
H i N H THUG ; CHUG NANG 1 to ask (hoi) to choose
(chon), to care (quan
No dupe dung: tarn), to decide (quyet
N O la mot danh-dpng dinh), to dare (dam),
to forget (quen), to hope
tu (a verbal noun).
Nhu mot danh tit: (hy vong), to happen
Dieu do CO nghia la (xay ra), to intend (du
no Vila la mot danh - Co the la chii tir chp mpt dpng t u dinh), to learn (hoc,
S+ biet), to manage (quan
tCr va cung vira la mot Vd: TP see is to believe. (Thay la tin);
ly), to need (can),
dong tu. Hinh thiic
- Co the la bo ngu cho mpt dpng t i l > to plan (hoach dinh),
cua dpng tir c6 To". to prepare (chuan bi),
Vd: - TP see is to believe. to pretend (gia vd),
Vd: to go, to see, to 4. J
(V) (Q
to promise (hiia),
believe, to teach,... to prove (chiing to),
to seem (duong, hinh
nhu), to want (muon),
Nhu mpt dong tu: to wish (uoc ao, uoc
mong), to offer (de
• Co the dting de dien ta nhu mot hanh dpng
nghi)...
Vd: He teaches me tP speak aloud. (Ong ay day toi noi Ion tieng.)
• Co the CO mot tan ngii Vd: ,,

Vd: He teaches me |to speak [English. (Ong ay day toi noi tieng Anh.)
-They ask to response their questions.
(m I (o)
• Co the bo nghia boi mpt trang tit -She plans to go to Paris.
Vd:[To shoot[slowly is death. (Ban cham la chet.) - Jane decided to be a singer.
(S)\JM)y(ADV) (V)

66 M I N D M A P ENGLISH G R A M M A R CHUONG4 - BONGTU 67
2JJ, Infinitive Without "To" (Nguyen the khong "To") (con gpi la
plain Infinitive / Bare Infinitive)
• Diing vdi Defective Verbs: (Dong tit khuyem khuyet)
Defective Verbs
(Auxiliary Verbs)
to ask (hoi, yeu cau), to choose -To
(chon), to desire (ao uoc), s+ Can, may, must, shall, w i l l ,
to invite (moi), to intend (du could, might, should, would
dinh), to like (thich), to love
(yeu), to prefer (thich hon),
Vd: I I I
-They can speak English.
to wish (uoc), to prepare (chuan
- She might arrive here late.
bi), to promise (hiia), to want
S + Dung vdi mot so Linking Verbs:
(muon), to allow (cho phep).
To advise (Anh|/to advice [My|
Linking Verbs
(khuyen bao), to force (bat
To see (thay) -To
buoc), to expect (hy vong),
to order (ra lenh), to permit (xin To watch (xem) + Object +\/^
phep), to persuade (thuyet phuc), s+ To help (giiip)
to teach (day), to tell (noi ra, To make (lam)
bao), to warn (canh bao)... To notice (chii y)
To observe (quan sat),...
Vd: I I I ,, - They help her clean the r o o m .

- He asked me to go to Da Lat. - She makes me work harder.
- She prefers you to travel. - She watched him cross the road.
- The police observed the man enter the bank
* - We allow him to go out.
-1 saw him smoke a cigar.
- lohn invited me to join the party.
- She expects to arrive on time. • Diing ddng tit & menh lenh each (Imperative mood):
- They promise to answer me. Vd: - Close the door, please. {Yp*i close the door.)
- Switch on the light, please. (Yj>tf switch on the light.)
- Show me the way. [Y^ show me the way.)
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 4 - D O N G TU - 6 9
> Diing sau mot so giai tit:

2.2 G e r u n d ( D a n h d o n g t u )
• H i n h t h i i c : D o n g t u nguyen the, b o " t o " , t h e m " I N G " o n , at, by, + G e r u n d ( V-to + i n g )

about, of,
V d : To eat -> e a t i n g
for...
• Chiic nang: N o duoc d u n g : ? f
Vd: - 1 wait for playing tennis.
> Nhu mot danh tit (gerund)
- She t h i n k s o f d r i n k i n g a k i n d o f juice.
Co the lam chu ngu (subject) hay tan ngu (object) cho m o t dpng tu. (gerund)
- They study Spanish] by| w a t c h i n g television.
V d : - Learning is g o o d for everyone. (gerund)
(sTI ^ (V)
-1 don't like hunting. > Diing cd hai tntong hop (gerund hay infinitive) vdi mot so dong tit sau:
lv)\ (O)
To intend (du dinh)
To continue (tiep tuc)
> Diing de thdnh lap mot danh tit kep To love (yeu)
To begin (bat dau)
Cong thiic: NOUN - NOUN
+ G e r u n d (V-to + i n g )
To plan (hoach dinh)
V d : - A seeing - machine s+ To allow (cho phep) Hoac '
(n) *—^ (n)
(a machine [ W h i c h ] is used f o r sewing.) To advise (khuyen) + I n f i n i t i v e verb (V+to)
- A rea|ding - l a m p 4 To fear (lam so)

To like (thich)
(a l a m p [ W h i c h is] used f o r reading.)
To prefer (thich hon)
- A swimmjingl p o o l
(a p o o l [ W h i c h is] used f o r s w i m m i n g . )
Luu y: Vd:
-We love eating meat,
* - C o the CO hoac k h o n g can c6 d a u n o i o giua G e r u n d va N o u n .
-We love to eat meat
- K h i d o c hay n o i chi n h a n a m 6 t h a n h p h a n D A N H D O N G T U .
V d : - Let's go t o t h e ' s w i m m i n g (-) p o o l .

70 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG4 - B O N G T U 71
2.3 Participles ( P h a n t u ) p^c_biet: Present Participles e o n d u p e d i i n g de d i e n ta:
H i n h thirc: X n g u y e n n h a n ( a cause) c6 n g h i a " B O I V I " (Because

I dupe hieu ngam.)
a. Present participle z"^. Past participle c. Perfect Participle
(Phan tir hien tai) (Phan til qua khu) Phan tir hoan thanh V d : B ^ I N G I i l l , she d i d n ' t go to school yesterday.
Co nghia la:
[Because she was] [being|ill, she d i d n ' t go t o s h o o l yesterday.]
2.3.1 Present Participles ( P h a n t i r h i e n t a i )
11 t h o i g i a n fa t i m e ) c6 n g h i a " K H I " hoac " T R O N G K H I "
+ Present P a r t i c i p l e d u p e d i i n g v a i d o n g t u " To Be" de t h a n h ( W H E N va W H I L E d u p e h i e u n g a m )
l a p t h e t i e p d i e n ( t h e Progressive f o r m ) :
Vd: - Wa\|in^ his hand, he went away.
[ W h e n he was] wav|ing|his h a n d , he w e n t away.
TOBE + V + I N G V d : - Entei|ngjthe r o o m , I saw n o t h i n g .

(am, is, are)
[ W h e n I was] entering the r o o m , I saw n o t h i n g .
(was, were)
1 1 trang thai (a manner) eo nghia "vpi trgng thai", "v6i tam trgng"
+ D u a c d i i n g n h u m p t t i n h tix hay m p t m ^ n h de t i n h t i r de b o
nghia cho m p t d a n h t u : V d : - She sits near the w i n d o w , t h i n k i n g o f her m o t h e r
( C h i ay n g o i gan cua so ( v o i t a m trang) d a n g n g h i ve me.)
*- - The b o y r u n n i n g fast is Tom.
ho<ic " h a i h a n h d p n g s p n g h a n h " (xay ra c i i n g l i i c )
>• - The b o y | |wHO | is] r u n n i n g fast is Tom.
(S2) l _ = _ l (S,) ( V , / PP) (Vj) V d : - Peter sits at the table reading a newspaper. (ng6i//dpc)
+ D u p e d i i n g n h u m p t t i n h tir: - H e ran screaming for help, (vira chay vita keu c i i u )
- This is an a m u s i n g story. (Cau chuyen l y t h i i ) * N g u o i ta t h u a n g d t i n g Present Participle sau d p n g tir:
(adj) " v H ^ (n) stand, sit, lie, go, r u n , ...

- A n interesting f i l m . ( P h i m hay)
- A d y i n g m a n . ( N g u o i d a n g hap h o i ) •Thav the nguyen m a u k h i a sau cac d o n g tir c h i n h a n t h i i c
(adjrv3_-^ (n)
- A r o l l i n g stone. ( H o n da d a n g Ian) giac q u a n
(^djRlZ_^ (n)
V d : - 1 [hear] her singing.
+ Dupe diing n h u mpt phan tit hi?n tai:
- Welsawl h i m standing there.
- A r u n n i n g d o g (a d o g W H I C H is r u n n i n g )
- A w a i t i n g car (a car W H I C H is w a i t i n g )
72 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 4 - D O N G TU 73
_ Duoc diing lam tinh ttr de bo nghia cho danh tCr

2.3.2 Past Participles (Phan tu qua khu)
^
- Duoc diing dat sau "To have" de tao nen thl hi?n tai hoan thanh A faded flower [a flower which was faded]
(Present Perfect Tense), thl qua khii hoan thanh (Past Perfert Tense), (V3/adj)V A (n)
thl tuong lai hoan thanh (Future Perfert Tense), va thi tuong lai hoan A broken chair [a chair which was broken]
thanh trong qua khu (Future Perfert Tense in the Past) (V3/adj)V / (n)
- Duac dting dat sau nhung dong tu "To get", "To have" de tgo nen
the truyen khien (causative form)
S + + V(3) Past participle ^ ' ^ ^
Vd: (-To)
have
-You have lived here for 4 years. get + 0 + VED/(3)
-She has gone away.
- Because he had loved her, he got married to her. I have my hair cut. ( T o i n h a n g u d i ta cat toe)
-He will have lived in the house for 10
•They have their shoes polished. ( C h O n g n o n h d n g u a i t a d S n h g l a y . )
years by next December. (3)
11 get my clothes washed. ( T O I n h o nguol ta gijt q u a n ao.)
- DuQC diing dat sau "To be" de tô nen cau noi 6 loi thu dpng
(passive voice)
am
are + V(3) Past participle

was, were
- He is seen by Jane.
- Tom was punished by his teacher.
- These house were built last year.

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG4-DONGTU-75
having done
2.3.3 Noi them ve phan tu having opened
Active Having + V ( 3 ^ to do, did , done (3)
to open, opened, opened (3),...
Past Participle
Passive Having + been + V(5) having been gone
GhLchuJ:' - The singiifig boys come near me. > y ' having been closed
Past Participle to go, went, gone (3)
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE [The boys who are singing] come near me.
to close, closed, closed (3),...
(PP) - The shouting woman wants to help.

MRTICIPLB
Phan tu hi?n / [The woman who is shouting] wants to help.
tai diing nhu) Ghi chti 3:
mpt tinh tu i - They see us going home. (i>i>i PERFECT
- Being sleepy, John went to bed early. PARTICIPLE
Vi du:
Phan tit hoan
thanh diing Togo went gone
nhu mot tinh tir (cptl) (cot 2) (cot 3)
To open opened opened
•4£
PAST PARTICIPLE '
The opened door was ready
Ghi chu 2: « ^ for yop to come in.

(cot 1) (cot 2) (cot 3)
PAST Vd:
PARTICIPLE
(Past Part.) ^ - The opened door was ready for you to come in. Having worked|here for 4 years, |Tom|felt happy.
[Because Tom has worked here for 4 years, Tom
Phan tu qua UdiTVL-^ (n) felt happy.]
khii diing nhu/ [The door (which was) Pastopened]
Part. was ready for (Vi Tom da lam a day dupe 4 nam, anh ay cam
mOt tinh tu you to come in.] thay sung sudng.) ^
- She is fixing (= repairing) the broken iron.
]She is fixing the iron (which was) broken.] Having been worked] hard for a long time, |Tom
Past Part. felt unhappy.
[Because Tom had been worked hard for a long
time, Tom felt unhappy.]
(Vi Tom bi lam nang nhpc da lau nen anh ay cam
thay khong hanh phiic.)
7 6 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG4 -DONGTU 77
3 ^ Defective verbs ( D o n g tir k h i e m k h u y e t )
Defective verbs Co n h i e m v u t r g giiip 1 d o n g tir

3. AUXILIARY VERBS / DEFECTIVE VERBS (Trcr d o n g t u / DOng t u t h u a n g chia a cac t h i va the khac
CAN, MAY, M U S T
khiem khuyet) nhau, n h u n g each d i i n g ciia n o
O U G H T ( T O ) , SHALL, W I L L ,
3.1 A u x i h a r y Verbs ( T r g d o n g t u ) khac v a i t r g d o n g tir 6 tren.
DARE, N E E D , USED ( T O )
Vd: - Paul can s w i m . - Thev w i l l arrive soon.

A u x i l i a r y verbs G i i i p 1 Idong tu thuangldung phia sau no
T O BE, T O HAVE, chia d cac thl (tense) va the (form) khac Lm y: Dpng tit DARE vd NEED vita Id dpng tit khiem khuyet (noi dung
TO D O nhau. hon Id dong tic bien vi ddc biet) vita Id dpng tit thucmg.
Vi du: Vd: - D o n g tti' thuong:
have I M^ritten a letter before. (Present Perfect) 1 need a new hat. / Does she need any help?
- I
- D o n g til' khiem khuyet:
Need he w o r k so hard? / Need y o u go so s o o n ? /
He needn't w o r k so hard.
- Birds don't' sing . (Negative f o r m )
3.2.1 N O I T H E M VE DEFECTIVE VERBS
Present Past Equivalent Meaning

- Do y o u ' [go] ? (Interrogative f o r m )
( h i e n tai) (qua khii) (tuong duong) (nghia) •
•CAN COULD To be able t o Co the

- Does she ] cry ? (Interrogative f o r m )
Vd: - Can / help you? ( C h i ve kha nang)
•MAY MIGHT To be a l l o w e d t o Co the

- They are dancing . (Progressive f o r m ) Vd: - May / go out? (Chi ve sir x i n phep)
•MUST HAD TO To have t o Phai

Vd: - We must go ( C o y bat b u g c )
• SHALL SHOULD Ought to Nen, p h a i , se

Vd: - He should do his duty. (Co y k h u y e n ran)
•WILL WOULD To w i s h , t o w a n t Se, udc, m u o n

Vd: - We would like coffee. (Co y m o n g uoc)

78 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
CHUONG 5
3.2.2 C A C H D U N G KHAC NHAU GIUA D Q N G T U
K H I E M K H U Y E T VA D O N G T U T H U O N G
DONG TU KHIEM KHUYET DONG TU THUONG

(DEFECTIVE VERBS) ( O R D I N A R Y VERBS)
I I
1. K h o n g CO " T O " d i i n g t r u o c 1. Phai CO " T O " d i i n g t r u o c
V d : Can, M a y V d : T O go, T O w r i t e
2. K h o n g t h e m "S" hay ÊS" k h i 2. Phai t h e m "S" hay "ES" k h i
d u n g v o i n g o i 3: He, She, It d i j n g v o i n g o i 3: He, She, It
V d : H e c a i ^ she m u s ^ ^ . V d : He writes. She watches
CAC PHAN CHINH
3. K h o n g p h a i t h e m T O d a n g 3. D o n g t u d i i n g sau n o p h a i a
[ sau, k h i g i i i p 1 d o n g t i i khac nguyen the (c6 T O )
CUA DQNG T U
V d : He can \. V d : He wants | to go-
She m u s t | write. She likes
[ 4 . 6 phvi d i n h : dat " N O T "

to I stay.
4. 6 phii dinh: phai m u o n
(THE PRINCIPAL PARTS
d a n g sau D O N T , DOESN'T DIDN'T
t i i y t h e o n g o i va t h i (Tense)
OF A VERB)
V d : He can I
n o t go.
V d : I d o n ' t go.
She m u s t n o t play. He doesn't go.
She d i d n ' t go yesterday.
5. 6 n g h i v a n : D e m n o dat 5. 6 n g h i van: p h a i m u g n D O ,
_ tmoc chij ngii DOES, D I D tiiy theo n g o i va t h l
V d : Can he go? Vd:DOI go?

MustI she pjay? DOES he go?
^ D I D she go (yesterday) (wefit)?
L U U Y: Xac d i n h , n g h i van: - She w e n t to school. (Co ta da d i hoc).

- D I D she go to school ? ( C o ta da d i hoc chua?)
* D u n g l a m : D I D she W E N T t o s c h o o l ? {sai)
* Vay k h i m u o n D I D hoac D O E S t h l p h a i de d o n g tir c h i n h t r o ve
nguyen the ( k h o n g "TO").
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 5 - CAC PHAN CHlNH CUA D O N G TU 81
D O N G TU G O M 3 H I N H THITC C H I N H :
GhAchii:
. Vai dpng tij CO quy tac: cot (2) va cot (3) ta chi them "ED".
• H i e n tai
. Voi dpng tir bat quy tac: phai hoc thupc long trong bang dpng
(Present) / cot 1 tir bat quy tac (Irregular verb list).
Vd: - To live -> live / lives (Bang dpng til hat quy tdc b phan Appendix 9 - Trang 223 cm cudn
(1)
sdch nay.) .
- To go -> go / goes
(I)
Tvr nhiing phan tren: (Present, Past, Past Participle) ta suy ra
• Qua k h i i cac phan c6 lien quan den dpng tir nhu sau:
(Past) / cot 2
vd: - To live -> lived

(2) I DQNG TU C O QUY TAG DONG TU BAT QUY TAC
- To go -> wênt (Regular Verbs) (Irregular Verbs)
(2)
Vd: To live Vd: To go
• Phan t u qua k h i i
(Past Participle) / cot 3
Vd: - To live -> lived -> lived
(2) (3)
To go -> went -> gone 1 HIEN TAI : QUA K H U PHAN T U QUA KHir 1
(2) (3)
: (Present)/cQt 1 (Past)/cQt 2 (Past Participle)/cQt 3;
:Vd: - To live Vd: - lived Vd: - lived !
Hien tai Qua khii Phan m qua khuf
(Present)/ (Past)/cot 2 (Past Participle)/ : - To go - went - gone ;
cptl C9t3
I live here. I lived here yesterday. I have lived here

(1) (2) (3)
Regular Verbs
(I'o live) (lived) (lived)
(Dpng t i l CO quy tac)
for two years.
We go home. We went home yesterday. We have gone

Irregular Verbs (1) (2) (3) •l.The 2. Thi \ 3. Cach / 4. L6i
( l b gii) (went) (gone)
(Dpng tir bat quy tac) (Form) (Tense) (Mood) (Voice)/
home before.

8 2 - M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 5 ^ CAC PHAN CHlNH CUA B O N G TU 8 3
1.2 The nhan manh (Emphatic form):

ling de noi nhan manh y tuang.
1.1 The tiep dien (Progressive form or Continuous form): Con

goi la The dien tien/ the lien tien/ the tien hanh - Dien ta sir viec
dang xay ra. CAU N O I
NHAN MANH
aXAC DINH
S + TO BE +V + I N G
J
Present Tense Post Tense
am, is, are, - Them DO + Vy^^j Them DID + \%6i

,•' Present Participle ~ DOES ^ {I)
v\?as, were '\n tu hien tai)
(Toi thuc yeu ong aiy.) (Toi qua da yeu ong ay.)
1 DO love him. 1 D I D love him.
She DOES love him. She D I D love him.
CACH DUNG VI DU
(noi thuong : - I love him. (noi thudng : - I loved him.
Dien ta hanh dong - She loves him.) - She loved him.)
• BSv gicJ dang xay ra (6 hien tai)(NOW) • She is playing the piano |now.
(Clij ay dang chJi diiong cam bay gid.)
• Luc baiv gici dang xav ra (a quS khii) • They were playing the piano I then. |
(Hp liic hiy gi^ (dang) choi diJdng cim.) CAU N O I
PHUDINH
BEING
j ' • VdidOngtitTOBE[bi:]
""l [cha "E" c6 dpc, nen Ichi them "ING" vô, de nguyen] Hinh thiic nhan manh ciia dpng tir trong cau phii dinh:
Luu y: Bo D O , D O E S , D I D , them N O T
Tuy nhien, no chi diing trong thi ca ma thoi; khong diing

MAKING
;' • Vdi dOng tii T O MAKE [meik]
[chfl " E " cam, nen khi them "ING" vac, bo E]
trong dam thoai.
Vd: They saw me, but they needed not.

Vdl: A new house is being built. (Ng6i nh^ mcii dang duqc xdy.) (Ho thay toi, nhung hp thtrc sir khong can phai n h u vay.)
Vd2; Father is making a bed. (Cha dang dong mOt cai giucing.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 5 - C A C PHAN CHINH CUA D O N G TU 8 5
PACBI^T; 1.3 The truyen khien (Causative form)
• Cau n o i thuang: £)U0C dung vai 2 dong tir "TO HAVE" va "TO GET" khi c6 y sal,
Vd:
bao, nha ai do lam thay viec gi cho m m h . Co hai loai cau thuQC
" I" dung voi "SHALL" I shall go.
the nay:
" We " i» J We
We shall go-
" You " PASSIVE CAUSATIVE

" He " dung voi "WILL" He will come. Vto/ ED
Cong thii^c:
"She" She will come. .nujKr^r. T O HAVE ^ obiert . V (Cot 3)
"It" > It will come. TOGi:i' (something) . (done by ' I'ast participle
someone)
Vd: - H e has / gets his shoes : p o l i s h e d (V3)
^ Cau n o i c6 ve nhan manh: (Anh ay nhc( ngUcJi ta/ danh giay ;

Cau n o i aido giiip anh ay.) ;
( 1 ) Khi diing nguac lai each tren:
thuang - I have my hair | cut (V3)
get
Vd: LU I will I do. (Toi nhc( ngUcJi ta/ hdt toe cho toi.);
ai do
(Toi chac chan se lam ma.)
He shall ACTIVE CAUSATIVE
go.
Cong thiirc:
(Hdn chac chan se di ma.) „ TOIIAVi: Object X/
- T O GET '(something)- \^.f,.,-,..
(2) Nhan manh o cau sal khien:
- I have her carry : out this w o r k .
[ DO + Infinitive without " t o " Cau n o i (Toi bao CO ay thuc hi?n ; cong viec nay.)
thuang - 1 get him to sign : o n this c o n t r a c t .
(Toi bao anh ay ky vao ; hop dong nay)

Vd: - Sit down, please! - DO sit down, please!
(Ngoi xuong di!) Cong thiirc: NhU 2 cong thiic tren (Passive - Active Causative) nhilng bo SUBJECT
' i n a garage. ( A n h )
• HAVE/GET your car fixed
; i n a car service. (My)
Let's study! - DO let's study! tai. ga-ra
Cau noi (Hay dem xe sifa
(Nao hoc di!)
sai khien - HAVE/GET him open/to open ; the d o o r
(Hay bao anh ta I cv(a ra.)

86 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR C H U O N G 5 - C A C P H A N C H I N H C U A D O N G T U - 87
( ^ T T H I (TENSEp
2.1 Present Tenses (Thi hien tai)
2.1.1 Simple Present tense (Thl hien tai don)
40
Present Tenses
Simple Simple ^ Simple

Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
Simple
^ shall \
s+ V(i) s+ V(2) ^ + w i l l + V(i)
Present Tense
I play(l) •I played (2) -I shall play

•He goes(l) He went (2) -He will go ^ (1)
Present Past BQ
Continuous Tense Continuous Tense Future
Continuous Tense
s+ IS V+ING
S-f-
^ shall
will + be \y(mc.
To play, I played, played
cot(l) (2) (3)
To see, saw, seen
c6t(l) (2) (3)
I am playing • I was playing -1 shall be playing , •
•He is going He were going -He will be going
BET
Present Past Future
Perfect Tense Perfect Tense Perfect Tense
have V S+ had + \
^(3)
(; shall
^ + will
+ have\^j
I have played(3) I had played (3) -1 shall have played (3)

•He has gone(3) •He had gone (3) -He will have gone (3)
Present Perfect Past Perfect ™" Future Perfect

Continuous Tense Continuous Tense Continuous Tense
0 shall vto/
S + had + been 0 + ...
will
* have •^ been
-1 have been playing -1 had been playing - 1 shall have been playing
- He has been going - He had been going - He will have been going
• PERFECT <- HAVE + Ved
Cong thuc de nha: • CONTINUOUS <- BE + VING
• PERFECT CONTINUOUS <- HAVE BEEN + VINt'
88 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 5 - CAC PHAN CHINH CUA D O N G TU 89
CACH DUNG VI DU
2.1.2 Present Continuous Tense NOW
(Thi hien tai tiep dien)
- They have three children.
1 De dien ta viec xay ra d hien tai -1 feel happy.
- We are friends.
Thuang c6 trang tu chi tan - She goes to church once a
suat (Adverbs of Frequency). week.
De dien ta hanh dpng dupe - They usually work hard. ^ Future 1^
lap lai hay thoi quen, tap -1 often get up at 7 a.m.
2 quan, va kha nang ciia nguoi
nao hay may moc lam gi. - He speaks English fluendy. CACH DUNG VI DU
Thuongco: always, usually, often, - This photocopier makes De dien ta mot hanh dpng - She is riding a bicycle now.
sometimes « occasionally, fast copies. dang xay ra ngay bay gia,
rarely x seldom, never... ngay tai thai diem dang noi.
(NOW/AT THE MOMENT/ -1 am teaching in the class now.
De dien ta su that hien nhien - The sun rises in the east AT THE PRESENT)
liic nao cung diing: and sets in the west.
- chan ly pho bien -Water boils at 100°C and
- hien tupng thien nhien freezes at 0°C. At the moment
3 - hien tupng khoa hoc - The Earth is round. (Now)
- ca dao
- tuc ngii Luu y:
- phuong ngon 1/ Doi voi nhung dpng tu chuyen dpng nhu GO, COME, LEAVE,
- cham ngon START..., ngupi Anh rat thich dting thi hien tai tiep dien han la
thi tuang lai don de chi hanh dpng tuang lai.
Thi hien tai dting trong - There comes the bride! Vd: -1 am leaving for Paris tomorrow. - She is coming soon.
4 cau tan than bat dau bang = There the bride comes!
HERE/THERE 2/ Khi hoi ai se lam gi trong tuong lai bat dau bang tu WHAT :
- What are you doing this weekend? - I'm going fishing.

90 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR C H U O N G 5 - C A C P H A N C H I N H C U A D O N G T U - 91
2.1.3 Present Perfect Tense

(Thi hien tai hoan thanh)
CACH DUNG ViDU
Co 3 t r u o n g h o p : Dac biet: . EVER - Have vou ever been to Tokyo before?
4
T r u a n g h o p 1: cau n o i c o ^ N E V E R (Trudc day ban da den Tokyo bao gid chua?)
f)i xay ra - No, 1 have never been there.
khiingbiet rfi thfri gian
Da xay ra truoc (Chua, toi chua den do bao gid.)
day ma k h o n g Future
biet ro t h a i gian 2.1.4 Present Perfect C o n t i n u o u s Tense

Ive been dancing^
Present ballet since t v/as
( T h i h i e n tai h o a n t h a n h t i e p d i e n ) eight years old.
VCra xay ra
T r u o n g h o p 2: JUST hoac RECENTLY/LATELY Present Perfect

Vita m a i xay ra Future JHJI^ Continuous Tense
T r u o n g h o p 3:
Present has
have
+ been -XT- ^+ ING
D9 xay ra mi con keo dai den hi{'n tai\ii tirong lai.
Da xay ra ma con No nlian manli tinh lien luc ciia hanh dong.
keo dai den hien

•Future
tai va CO the tiep
G i o n g n h u t r u o n g h o p 3 ciia t h i h i e n t a i h o a n t h a n h :
tuc 6 tuong lai Present
" D a xay ra m a c o n keo d a i l i e n t i i c d e n h i e n t a i va t u o n g l a i . "
CACH DUNG ViDU Qua khu-
"—^
1 Da xay ra 0 qua khii - 1 have seen him before. (Trudc day toi da gap han.)
ma khong biet ro thdi - She has been to Paris 4 times. I
gian (Before, once, (Co ay da den Paris 4 Ian.) Present
many times) - We have worked there once.
(Chung toi da c6 Ian lam viec 6 do.)
2 Hanii dong xiia moi xay ra - lohn has just met her. (lohn viia gap c6 ta.)
^ d : - She has been s t u d y i n g for 3 years. ( C o ta da h o c d u a c 3 n a m . )
- Thev have just gone out. (Chung viia di ra ngoai.)
(Just iioac recently) [da hoc l i e n t u c 3 n a m va bay g i a v a n c o n d a n g hoc. |
- He has recently seen her. (Anh av vita thay co ta).
E>ac b i e t : 2 v i d u d u o i day c u n g m o t y nghia, c h i khac t h i .
3 Da xay ra 6 qua kiiir - We have studied English for 5 years. (Toi di hoc
ma con keo dai den tieng Anh duoc 5 nam va hien tai van con hoc.)
" We have l i v e d here for 10 years.
hien tai va tuone lai - 1 have lived here since last summer.
(Toi da song d day tit miia he nam ngoai.) ~ We have been l i v i n g here for 10 years.
- Tom has played tennis since he was young. ( C h u n g t o i da song o day d u o c 10 n a m . ) [...va c o n t i e p tiic song...]
(Tom da choi tennis tir khi anh ay con nho.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com C H U O N G 5 ^ C A C P H A N C H I N H C U A D O N G T U 93
92 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
2.2.2 Past C o n t i n u o u s Tense ( T h i qua k h u tiep d i e n )

2.2 Past Tenses (Thi qua khii)
2.2.1 S i m p l e Past tense ( T h i qua k h i i d a n )
Past Continuous
D a xay ra ma
Simple bik ro thai gian Tense

Future
Past Tense +
was
s+ Present were
She was bom in London

Suy dien tir \ at 10 p.m today,
^hen I was 5 years old. Vd: My baby |is cryingjôw).
at my house.
Vd: Simple Present —»
Continuous Tense/ Future fli^
- To open, opened , opened
(1) (2) (3) ! ^
- T o go, went gone Present
Truong hoD 1:
(1) (2) (3) w h a t was y o u r baby d o i n g at 10 a.m. yesterday?
- Cling hanh dong "at 10 a.m. yesterday,
Vd 1: He I was crying
- Cung thai gian at my house.
CACH DUNG VI DU - Ciing dia diem

Future
We lived here in 2012. (Mpt moc that gian cu
She taught English last year. the trong qua khii) Present
Da xay ra 6 qua khii ma biet ro (2)
thoi gian They came to HongKong three years ago. Truong h o p 2:
(2)
V d 2: We were watching a long film|the whole day yesterday]
(In 1990, last year, last week,
• I met him two days ago. - Mpt khodng thai gian heo • • • (Watching) \
2 days ago, yesterday...)
dai cu the trong qua khu. Future fll^
• She was born in London when I was • • • (Working)
five years old. - Hai hanh dpng da xay ra • • • (Playing)
• Trung Sisters were our female song hanh (While, When) Present
heroes / our heroines...
Dong til diing de ke chuyen (Hai Ba Trung la nu anh hiing ciia H a i h a n h d p n g da xay ra song h a n h ( w h i l e ) t r o n g qua k h i i .
hoac noi ve lich su. chiing toi.)...,
Vd: [ W h i l e I they were w o r k i n g , we were p l a y i n g tennis.
[Formerly (thud xua), once • Once upon a time, there was a king...
(Ngay xua, c6 mpt ong vua...) 19 M o t h a n h d p n g dang tiep d i e n t r o n g qua k h u t h i m o t h a n h
upon a time (ngay xiia ngay xua,
30 years ago , . . . ] d o n g khac xay ra. H a n h d p n g sau d i i n g t h i qua k h i i .
• Thirty years ago. I got married to her
in Viet Nam. (30 nam trudc, toi da ket ^ d : I was reading a b o o k [when | he came.
hon vdi c6 ta a Viet Nam.)
We were w a l k i n g across the park | w h e n | i t rained.
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 5 - CAC PHAN CHINH CUA D O N G TU - 9 5
2.2.3 Past Perfect Tense (Thi qua khii hoan thanh) 2 2.4 Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Thi qua khii hoan thanh
tiep dien)
Past
Perfect Tense Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
had (3)
had +
Vd: } Past Perfect
# Simple Past vd: - We had been working - She had been singing
- To play, played, played
(3) Future
- To eat, ate. eaten 9 Xay ra truoc (Past Perfect Continuous)
^ Xay ra sau (Simple Past)
(3) Present
/ ! / / / / ' A A A / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
CACH DUNG! VI DU
Present
- Yesterday, when 1 [came |, he had [gone away.|
Khi 2 hanh dong da xay ra
(sau) (trilcfc) - We |had been working] for 3 hours [before | they came
• Hanh dong xay ra truoc (Hom qua khi toi den, han da di khoi roi.) (trUdc) (sau)
[Chiing toi da (dang) lam viec dupe 3 gio truoc khi chiing den.]
--> Diing Past Perfect - Because he|had loved |her, he [got married
(trildc) (sau)
Hanh dong xay ra sau to her. - John I went] to school [after | his mother [had been going] to the market.
(sau) (trUdc)
--> Diing Simple Past (Vi anh ay da yeu c6 ta roi [John d i hpc khi me anh ay da (dang) di chp.j
nen anh ay cudi c6 ta.)
De dung dupe thi nay, nguoi ta yeu cau phai c6 2 menh de

(1 chinh, 1 phu).
• M?nh de nao c6 dpng t u xay ra truoc t h i diing 6 Past perfect
continuous tense..
Mqt hanh dpng xay ra truoc - We had talked to the man
hanh dpng khac hay truoc before the meeting. • Menh de nao c6 dpng tu xay ra sau thi dting 6 Simple past tense.
mot thoi diem hoac mpt sy (Chiing toi da noi vai ong ay • Menh de phy thuang bat dau bang gioi t u phti thupc; WHEN,
kien trong qua khii. truoc buoi hpp roi.) AFTER, BEFORE, ...

9 6 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 5 - CAC PHAN CHINH CUA DONG TU 9 7
• UnLXl:
2.3 Future Tenses (Thi tuang lai) YOU, THEY
I
2.3.1 Simple Future Tense (Thi tuang lai dan) HE, SHE, IT
WE
Simole Future Tense Y
1 SHALL
(SHOULD)
shall
will - Trong tieng Anh hi^n dai, nguai ta c6 the diing "WILL" cho tat
ca cac ngoi.
- Giai thich gian do tren:
"Se" Dime L WE vai SHALL -1 shall see him. (Toi se gap han.)
r-,. HE, SHE - He will see you. (Anh ay se tham chi.)
Present
"Chac ^Khi " " ^diing
YOU,
trai ITnguac
" ^ ' ^ -1 will do it. (Toi (chac chan") se
chan (chieu mui ten cheo): lam cai do ma.)
CACH DUNG VI DU se" dien ta su chac chan, su - He shall accept your application
De dien ta 1 hanh dong: - He will go to Paris tomorrow. luu y, su hua hen. form. (6ng ta (nhat dinh) se
Se xav ra trong tuang lai (Anh ay se di Paris ngay mai.) chap nhan dan xin viec cua anh.)
1 (Tomorrow, next week, - We shall buy that car next year. "Mong Khi dung 6 "nghi van"(?) - Shall you go? [Anh di chii?
next month, tonight. (Chiing toi se mua chiec 6 to do muon" thi dien ta su mong (mong muon / moi di)|
next year, ...) nam tai.) muon, mai moc. - Will you eat? (Anh an nhe?
(mong muon / mai an) )
- We shall wait for him. E>ac biet:
2 Van con a tuang lai. (Chiing toi yan cho han.)
SHOULD = OUGHT TO dung vdi - You should obey your parents.
moi ngoi, dien ta: "su bat buoc" ve (Anh nen vang Idi cha me.)
tinh than, thudng la 1 Idi khuyen: hay: You should listen to your parents.
tieng Viet diing tii "NEN" va khdng . -ê should help the poor.
bao ham y tuong lai (Chung ta nen giiip ke ngheo.)
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com C H U O N G 5 - CAC PHAN CHiNH CUA D O N G T U - 9 9
9 8 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
' Liru y 2: 2.3.2 Future C o n t i n u o u s Tense (Thi t u a n g lai tiep d i e n )
Cy t h \n t a i t i e p d i e n (Present C o n t i n u o u s ) : Rieng v a i
d p n g t i i T O LEAVE va 1 so d o n g t u khac k h i d u n g v a i trang t u
Future Continuous
chi " t h a i gian t u a n g l a i " cung c6 nghia la "se". N o d i e n ta m o t
Tense
hoat d p n g t u a n g lai n h u n g dupe sap dat truac.
-1 a m leaving H a n o i tomorrov^. (Toi se r a i Ha N p i ngay m a i . ) shall
+ be
- She is w o r k i n g t o m o r r o w . ( C h i ay se l a m viec vao ngay m a i . ) will
-We shall be working
- You will be meeting

• T h i t u a n g lai gan / T h i can lai (The Near Future Tense) (At 9 o'clock
tomorrow morning)
N g u a i ta d i i n g t h i nay k h i d i c h tir "SAP" t r o n g tieng Viet.
N g u a i ta d u n g t h i nay v a i 1 so t h a n h n g i l sau: Future
C o n g thuc:
i ['SAP'I J
Dien td mot moc then zian cu the trom turns lai
Ât 9 o'clock
Vd: .tomorrow momii
TO BE G O I N G T O •To - At 9 o'clock tomorrow morning, 1 shall fstilll be s l e e p i n g ^
s+
V infinitive
(9 gid sang ngay mai la liic toi se [van con] dang ngu.)
TO BE ABOUT T O
- Tomorrow | when | I arrive home, he will be having lunch.
TO BE O N T H E POINT O F
+ ING (Ngay mai, khi toi ve nha anh ay se dang an trua.)
l'»l!Tiyj| Simple Future (will+V) chuyen thanh Simple Present. Khi
Vd: diing sau cac lien tit chi thdi gian nhu: After, before, when, while...
- M y father is going to travel abroad next week.
• Dien td mot khodm thdi gian keo ddi cu the trong tuons lai
(Cha toi sa^ di du Ijch nuoc ngoai tuan toi.)
- She is about to move to a new house. Vd:
(Chi ay sap (sua) ddi sang nha moi.)
• I shall be writing a long report from 8 a.m. kuntil (Anh) 4 p.m. tomorrow.
- We are on the point of going to Australia. • through (My)...
(Chung toi sap di den Uc chau.)
(Toi se Viet mot bao cao dai tit 8 gid sang den 4 gid chieu ngay mai.)
- It is going to rain.
(Troi SIE mua.)
100 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR C H U O N G 5 - C A C P H A N CHiNH C U A D O N G T U -101
2.3.3 Future Perfect Tense (Th\g lai hoan thanh) 2.3.4 Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Ihi tuong lai hoan thanh tiep dien)
Future Perfect
Future Perfect
Tense
Continuous Tense
shall + have
shall + have + been
will
will ING
- They will have gone

(3) I shall have been working
- We shall have seen
(3) She will have been meeting
: Truong hop 1
; Tnromg ligp 2
Future
Vd: Truong hop 1:
When I you come here, I wîll have finished my task. By next summer |, he will have been studyiuR here | for 5 years.
(Khi anh den day, toi da (se) lam xong bai tap.) (Vao khoang mija he toi, anh ay (se) da hoc o day duoc 5 nam.)
- The house will have been sold |when| we come back from Paris. Truong hpp 2:
(Ngoi nha se duoc ban khi chiingtoi tir Paris trove.) By the time I he gets up, his mother will have been cookinglfor 2 hours.
• Co the thay "when" bang "by the time". (Vao khoang thoi gian anh ay thiic day, me anh ay (se) da nau an
duQc 2 gio roi.)

1 0 2 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 5 - CAC PHAN CHINH CUA D O N G TU 1 0 3
CACH (MOODp • 3 , 4 Subjunctive mood f Gia dinh each)

Dung each nay de dien ta mot uac muon (wish), mot hoi
La hlnh thiic aia mot dong tu ma nguai ta dung de dien ta mot tiec, doi khi la mot dieu kien trai thuc te.
trang thai hay mot boat dong.
Ve hinh thiic:
• 3 . 1 Indicative mood (Chi dinh each) ^
; Dung each nay de ke ve mot viec xac thue hay de hoi mot | a) Diing "DONG TU NGUYEN THE BO TO" vai mpi ngoi
; eau hoi thong thuong (a question). ; (I, We, He, She, It, They)
Vd: - He worked here yesterday. - Who are you? Vd: 1 work
• 3 . 2 Imperative mood (Menh lenh each)
i Diing each nay de dien ta mot loi khuyen hay mot su sai khien. ;
you work [Vwork]
Trong tieng Viet, ehiing ta thuong diing chii " hay" hay "dung". He, she, it v^/ork / ^
We, they work
Cach thanh lap b) Doi vai dong tit "TO BE", each chia nhu sau:
K H A N G DjNH/XAC D!NH PHIJ D!NH
Ngoi (Affirmation) (Negation) 1, VoxA BE
Dting vai Cong thiic: V\ l n f i n-i Tt iov e /^ V -To y He, She, It BE [ WSe ]
ngoi thii 2 , vnfinitivex We, Yovi, They BE
"YOU" - ^ G O home. (Anh hay ve di) - DON'T DON'T go home.+ (Anh\ ™ havdimgvc) Vd: -1 order that YOU BE killed today.
/ (Tao ra lenh hom nay giet may.)
-;R5 SPEAK Enghsh.
- DON'T speak English. - BE happy now and forever.
Diing vai Cong thiic:
cac ngoi
Cong thiic:
, n . e , u s , i h e m ^ W o / DON'T let , f m e , u s , t h e m ^ > , o /
•1^ (Chiic anh hanh phuc bay gia va cho den mai ve sau.)
' e) Dong ttr TO BE a qua khii, ta dung "WERE" voi mpi ngoi.
khac "I, (. him, her, it V (let) Ihim, her, it (NOI)V
WE, THEY I, you WERE
HE, SHE,
- Let me go. (Hay de toi di) - Don't let them go. He, She, It WERE
IT"
- Let us talk. (Let's talk.) f Hav dung de chiing di) We, you. They WERE
Viet tat: Let us Let's - hoac: Let them not go. Vd: He wishes (that) he were a king.
• 3 . 3 Conditional mood (Dieu kien cachl ^ (Anhtauaerangminhlavua.)
i Se duac noi ve " If clause" a phan Appendix 2 - Trang 1 8 2 ciia :
cuon sach nay. ;
104 M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR
C H U O N G 5 - C A C P H A N C H i N H CUA D O N G TU 105
d) DonR t u "TO BLESS" fBan an): D o n g t u nguyen the b o

4. L O I ( V O I C E T ^
"To" v o i m o i n g o i
1, You bless La sir b i e n the ciia m o t d o n g t u , k h i c h u t u d o n g v a i c h u m o t h a n h
I He, She, It
We, Vow, They

bless
bless
[ ^bleSS ] d o n g g o i la " l o i c h u d o n g " (Active voice), hay c h i u le t h u p c m o t
h a n h d o n g g o i la " l o i t h u d o n g " (Passive voice).
V d : G o d bless y o u ! ( Chtia b a n a n b a n ! )
Vd: - A cat eats a mouse. (Active voice)
e) T h u o n g d u n g Subjunctive M o o d sau d o n g t u " W I S H " ( C o n meo an con c h u o t . ) ,
Congthuc: - A mouse is eaten b y a cat. (Passive voice)

( C o n chuQt b i an b a i con m e o . )
WISH ( THAT) + NOUN CLAUSE
i
4.1 L A M T H E N A O D O I T L I L O I C H U D O N G S A N G L O I T H U DONG
i • Uac dieu khong c6 a hi^n tai:
i V d : I a m n o t an actress, b u t I certainly w i s h (that) I were.
(Toi k h o n g la n u d i e n v i e n n h u n g t o i m o n g dugc
C A C H T H A N H L A P C U A L O IT H U D O N G
n h u the!)
1/ Vi tri cua chu ngu va tan ngu:
• Uac dieu khong c6 a qua khii:
Theo quy tac " 2 mui ten cheo" 6 cong thiic ben dual, tiic la:
V d : I d i d n ' t meet her at the party, b u t I w i s h (that) I h a d m e t
• C h u ngu (Subject) xuong lam tan ngu (Object)
• Tan ngu (Object) len lam chu ngu (Subject)
2/ Ve phan dong tu chinh: Phai oi qua khii phan tit (past participle) (cpt 3)
3/ Ve phan dong tit " T O B E " : Dpng tit "TO B E " (6 Passive Voice) phai
Cling thi (The same tense) vai dpng tit chinh (6 Active Voice).
4 / J h e i n sau dong tit chinh tir "BY" (6 Passive Voice)
Cone thac:
• Loi chii dong
(Active Voice)
• LSLthiLdeng
V (Passive Voice)

1 0 6 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 5 - CAC PHAN CHiNH CUA DONG TU - 1 0 7
4.3 C H U Y D O I SANG LOI T H U DONG KHI CAU C H U

z tu
o DONG 6 DANG D A C BIET
3
5 o
z ' • Chi doi sang "Passive voice" duac khi dpng ttr chinh a "Active
o oa
u Voice" la NGOAI DONG T U (Transitive verb).
<u Vd: - Tom builds a house. -> A house is built by Tom.(diing)
O CO
Z p Intransitive verb ^ - Tom has a book. ^ A book is had by him. (sai)
o- H CO
o - Dick goes home. ^ Home is gone by Dick, (sai)
D-
X c
Ml
<o • Sau ttr "BY" la dai t u bat dinh chi nguoi / Dai ttr nhan xung b a t \
H H
Q
u
zw •w
eg
o U 09
T3
dinh (Indefinite Pronoun) nhu: people, them, somebody... ta c6
-o
CO
X the bo chiing.
o a.
CD
z 03 Vd: - The pens were stolen I I^^^pAl^.l - It is made |B/T/{E/E0P^

o-
o Z
w
' V6i nhung dong tir c6 2 tan ngu:
X
ZU w
oa I Nhung dong t u tren day
a to TO GIVE TO TELL TO TEACH thuong xuyen c6 2 T A N
<
CQ
o CO (Cho) (N6i) (Day)
t/3
NGU: Direct object (tan ngu
Q
UJ
c TO SELL TO BUY TO SHOW true tiep) va Indirect Object
(Ban) (Mua) (Chi, cho xem) (tan ngu gian tiep)
03
^
Duac V i e t duoi 2 dang sau
C/3
c
ox
D
to
•o day va dang nao cung diing:
O
o
, I ,
z O z GO
H
D +
~3 I
UJ
Z oa
o tu H UJ I- DANGl DANG 2
o Z > OJD
o - Tan ngu chi CON VAT va DO V A T la - SAU Gidl Ttr la tan ngu gian tiep
o
•o
c O iailngu true tiep (Dirert Object) (Indirect object)
H Sis -s - Tan ngu chi NGLTOI la tan ngu gian Vd:
Z o
USE (Indirect Object) -1 give la bookl ( j o ) I him. I
o Vd: -1 give I him | |a book | (Direct (Gidi (Indirect
c/2
I- -5 Object) tir) Object)
-UJ
X c (Indirect Object) (Direct Object)
I A book": do vat nen la Direct Object]. ["Him": diing sau "TO" nen la
Z
UJ
H
o
z O
>
> w
I 2 Q
Indirect Object].
H Download Ebook Tai: https://downloadsachmienphi.com
Vay khi doi sang "PASSIVE VOICE" nguoi ta chi dijng mot tan ngu CHUONG 6
"chi nguai" lam chu ngti, con tan ngu chi vat thi "dem xuong".
Vd: They GIVE-] HIM A BOOK.

(chi nguai) (dem xuong)
A BOOK
• D o i voi mot so dpng tit, (doi khi la N O I DONG TLI (Intransitive),

nhung dpng tir ay phai duoc d i kem theo sau boi mot giai tit va
giai tir do khong con lam nhiem vu thuan tiiy ciia no nira, ta c6
the doi sang Passive Voice. Va khi doi, n h a gitr lai giai tir ay trong
C- TU DUNG DE
cau thu dong. BO NGHiA
M O T S O D O N G T UD A C BIET :
(Modifying iVords)
TO WRITE TO (Vietve)
TO THINK OF (Nghi ve)
TINH TU
TO LOOK AFTER (Cham soc)
. . .... ^ . -L - .. ~ ~ :
TO LISTEN TO (Lang nghe)
TO BLOW OFF... (Thpi tat)

ADIECT1VES
Vd: - They LOOK AFTER
their children.
(Hp cham soc con cai hp.)
- Their children ARE LOOKED AFTER (by them.)
(Con cai ho duoc cham soc bai hp.)

V

110- MiND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHL;ONG6-TiNHTU-111
/" 1.1 Tinh tu RIENG 1.2 Tinh ttr MIEU TA

1. TiNH T U (Adjectives): (Proper Adjective) (Descriptive Adjective)
La tu dung de bo nghia (modifying) cho mot danh tu hay mot dai piNH NGHIA: DINH NGHIA:
tu, va lam chiic nang bo ngii (Predicative use).
La loai tinh ttr duac diing de thanh La loai tinh tu bo nghia cho mot
(M)
|ap_flanh tir rieng (Proper noun). danh tu bang each chi dinh tinh
Vd: - Tom has a good house. [M; Modifier (bo nghia)] chat hay mot trang thai.
(adj) (n)
. Tiic la: Tinh tu ay phai viet hoa va
•••• (M) (Ji lien voi mot danh tu. Vd:
- He^'îsîll. yd: - A brave boy (Mot cau be can dam)
(Pro) (adj)
- A French city (Thanh pho Phap) - A tamecat (Mot con meo thuan hoa)
Tinh tu CO 9 loai sau day:
- An I n d i a ^ i ^ e t (Thi si An Do)
LUU Y:
1.1 Tinh ttt - The English language (Tieng Anh)
"Brave" chi tinh chat ciia "boy"
RIENG
LUU Y: "Tame" chi tinh chat ciia "cat"
1.9 Tinh tir (Proper
QUAN HE Adjective) 1.2 Tinh tii French la Proper Adj.
(Relative MIEU TA Indian la Proper Adj.
Adjective) (Descriptive English la Proper Adj.
djective)
1.3 Tinh tir SO LUQNG
1.8 Tinh tit
SOHUU (Adjective of Quantity)
1.3 Tinh tii
(Possessive DINH NGHIA:
SO LUONG Vd:
Adjective)
(Adjective ol La tinh tCr chi so lugng nhieu, it ra sao. - He had muchâin.
Quantity)
Gom nhCmg tu sau: (Han CO nhieu noi dau.)
•'1.7 Tinh til - He ate littêbread.
NGHl VAN MUCH, LITTLE
(Interrogative (Han an it banh mi.)
(Nhieu) ( I t )
Adjective) a little : mot it # a few : mot vai
(Numeral MANY, FEW
Adjective) (Nhieu) (It) little : rat it # few : rat it
1.6 Tinh tir •"'^5 Tinh tir
PHAN BIET CHi DINH ANY, ENOUGH LLJUX- 1 Diing voi danhju
(Distributive
••..Adjective)
(Demonstrative
Adjective)
I (Mot it, mot vai) (Dii)
NO, SOME
MUGH: Nhieu >
LITTLE: It
khong dem duac
j (Uncountable nouns)
(Khong) (Mot vai, mot It)
I
(Co nghia l<h6ng nhieu, ham v phu dlnhl
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG6-TINHTU 1 1 3
1.4 Tinh tu SO DEM Tinh t u C H I D I N H (tiep theo)

(Numeral Adjective) (Demonstrative Adjective)
« Tinh t u chi dinh bat dinh (Indefinite demonstrative adjectives).

D I N H NGHIA: La tinh t u chi nhung con so
Com 2 loai: Nhu: ; A, AN, ANY, ONE, CERTAIN, SOME, I
; OTHER, ANOTHER, ... ;
• Tinh t u so dem xac dinh (Definite numeral adjectives)
Chi con so xac thuc. Vd: - Sornebooks (Vai quyen sach)
> Tuc la: Cardinal (so dem): one, two, three, four,... .
- Astory (Mot cau chuyen)
> Va: Ordinal (so thii tu): first, second, third, fourth...
* Vd: - One book (Mot quyen sach) » LUU Y:
- The secondperson (Nguoi thuhai) A, AN, THE la mao ttt (article), nhung vi mao tir khong phai la
mot t u loai rieng biet nen chiing c6 the coi n h u mot tinh tu. H o n
• Tinh t u so dem bat dinh (Indefinite numeral adjectives) nua "A", hay " A N " la: mot hinh thuc rut gon ciia "ANY". "THE"
Chi con so khong xac dinh. la hinh thiic nit gon ciia "THIS / THESE" va "THAT / THOSE" nen
> Tuc la: All, some, no, many, few, more, several. chiing duoc coi nhu la: tinh tir chi dinh.
* Vd: - AHrnen are mortal. (Moi nguoi deu chet.)
- Some men are rich. (Vai nguoi giau c6.) ^ 1.6 Tinh tu P H A N BIET
(Distributive Adjective)
DINH NGHJA: La loai tinh tir chi nguoi hay vat ma ta noi den va
1.5 Tinh tu CHI D I
duoc tach ra rieng biet hay tirng nhom.
(Demonstrative Adjective)
Gom nhiing tu: \^ ^^^^^ EITHER, NEITHER... \
D I N H NGHIA: La loai tinh t u chi dinh vat gi ma ta noi den. L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — J
Com 2 loai:
Vd:
• Tinh tir chi dinh xac dinh (Definite demonstrative adjectives)
- EVERY student had a pen. (Moi mot hoc sinh deu c6 mpt cay but.)
Nhu: THE, THIS, THESE, THAT THOSE • EACHman has a gun. (Moi nguai c6 mot cav siing.)
THE SAME, SUCH, THE OTHER, ...
- You can choose EIIHERsuie that you like.
Vd:
- ThisjTian has just come. (Nguoi nay vira den.) (Anh CO the chon ben nao anh thi'ch.)
- NElTHERbook is interesting. (Changc6 quyen sach nao hay ca.)
- Why do you mind such a thing ? (Tai sao anh de y mot viec nhu the?)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG6-TINHTU 1 1 5
1.7 Tinh tu NGHI VAN (Interrogative Adjective) 2. CACH DUNG CUA TINH TU (The usage of adjectives)
DINH NGHJA: La loai ti'nh tu dung de dat cau hoi. Com nhung tu:
CO 2 CACH DUNG SAU:
: WHICH ; WHAT' rWHOSE" :
^j^RIBUTIVE
f»JHLr MOT HINH USE1DUNG TU f EPITHET USE) HAY THUOC NGU
Vd: - WHIClTseason do you like best? (Mua nao anh thich nhat?) • Khi no diing truac danh tii de bo nghia cho 1 danh til.
- WHAT thing do you know? (Anh biet viec g'l khong?)
(n) - A blacldjird fCon chim mau den) nhung: A blackbird (Con sao).
• Khi no diing lien sau nhung dai tu bat dinh nhu: nothing, anything,
; - WHICH dugc dung thay WHAT khi c6 y "lya chpn". everything, something, noone, anyone, everyone, someone...
1 - WHICH, WHAT cung la dai tir nghi van khi khong c6 danh tu di - Nothing new. (Khong c6 gi moi.)
I sau; neu c6 thl la tinh tu nghi van. - Is there anything edible in the fridge?
Vd: - What are you reading? (Anh dang dpc cai gi?) (Co bat cir thii gi an duac trong tii lanh khong?)
- What book are you reading? (Anh dang dpc sach gi?) • Khi no diing sau danh tir vi c6 1 nhom tir theo sau bat dau bang 1 gidi tir.
- Milk is a good food. Milk is a food GOOD (for) children.
1.8 Tfnh tvr SO HUU ( P o s s S H S f e ^ ) ^ (SCra la mot thirc an tot. ^ Sira la mot thirc an tot cho tre em.)
DINH NGHIA: La logi tinh tu dting de chi su so huu. Com nhung ttr: NHU MOT VI NGU: (As a predicative use)
» Khi gian tiep bo nghia cho danh tir hay dai tir.
; MY, YOUR, HIS, ITS, HER, OUR, THEIR, ONE'S ] •=> Trudng hop no Id bo ngu cho chii ngu.
Vd: - Here is my book. (Day la quyen sach cua toi.) - These men |are| good. (Nhtrng nguoi nay deu tot.)
("Good" bo nghia "men"]
- They have"tiieir houses. (Hp c6 nhung ngoi nha cua ho.)
- She [Is] Kind. (Co ay tute.)
LUUY:
("kind" bo nghia "She" |
Ve tu "ONE'S", neu trong thanh ngu (idiom) c6 tu "ONE'S" thi ta hay ^ Trudng hop no Id bo ngu cho tan ngu
thav "ONE'S" b^ng nhung tu MY YOUR... 6 tren tuy theo ngoi. • This woolen rug kept the babv warm. (Tam men len nay giu diia be am.)
Vd: - Thanh ngu: To keep one's promise. (Giu loi hvia.) ["Warm" bo nghia "baby"! ^'^^
Ap dung: I keep my promise. (Toi giu loi hua cvia toi.) LUUY: Co hai each nhan biet khi tinh tir dung nhu mot vi ngii:
1.9 Tinh tvr quan h? (Relative Adjective) ^ - La tinh tir lien sau dpng tir lien he (lien hiep dpng ttr - copulative verbs)
Vd: These cakes |are | sweet. (Nhiing chiec banh nay ngot.)
D I N H NGHLA: La loî tinh tu dung de chi su quan ht Com: M
L^^]?^[.'}Y!lî W H O S E , W H I C H E V E R , W H A T E V E R , W H O E V E R , . . - La tinh ttr diing sau tan ngii (danh tir hoac dai ttr) va cac dpng
Vd: - Whatever problems you have, you can always come to me for help. tu lien he (nhu become, make, keep,...) de bo nghia cho tan ngu do.
(Neu ban c6 bat cu van de gi, ban c6 the Download
luon nhd toiEbook
giiip da.) Vd: The film made her happy. (Bo phim lam c6 ta vui ve.)
Tai: https://downloadsachmienphi.com
(O)
i LUUY: j CHUONG 7
• Voi nhung tu: "cheap" (re), "dear" (dat), "far" (xa), "quick"
(nhanh), "slow" (cham), ... vira c6 the dugc coi nhu mot ti'nh t u
va doi khi n h u mot trang tu.
Vd: - He is slow, (slow la tinh tu)
Va ta con c6 the diing:
- He goes slowly, (vl slowly cung la trang tu)
- The ipad goes slow (slow la trang tir) T i l DUNG D E

• Voi mot so tinh tu (ke ca phan tir hien tai va qua khu) duoc xem nhu
mot danh tir tap hop (collective noun). Khi ta them chii "TOE" vao,
BONGHiA
danh tir tap hop nay luon luon dung voi dong tir 6 so nhieu, trir:
The good: cai thien, cai tot; The bad: cai ac, cai xau; The new: cai (Modifying Words)
moi; The old: cai cii, ...
Vd: - Poor (tinh tir): ngheo kho ; Rich (tinh tir): giau c6
- The poor (danh tir tap hop): ke ngheo, nguoi ngheo.
- The poor are majority. (Ke ngheo t h i da so.)

TRANG Tlf
- The rich are minority. (Ke giau t h i thieu so.)
• Voi giai tit kep DUE TO (vi) dugc coi n h u mot doan tinh tir
(PHO TU)
(adjective phrase) nen phai dting lien voi danh tir. Vay dirng lam
no la doan trang tir (adverbial phrase).
ADVERBS
^ ^ (n)
Vd: DUE TO f o g , the plane arrived late.
(Vl suang mil, may bay den cham.)

118 M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com C H U O N G 7 - TRANG TU - 1 1 9
1 . TRANG TIT (Adverbs): 1.1 Trang tu NO! KET (Conjunctive Adv)

La t u dung de bo nghia (modifying) cho: Gom:
; SO, ALSO, THEN, THEREFORE, HOWEVER, I
- 1 dpng tir (a verb)
; BESIDES, ACCORDINGLY, STILL... ;
- 1 tinh tir (an adjective)
- 1 trang t u khac (another adverb) , chucnang: Noi hai menh de doc lap de tao cau kep.
(M) (M) Vd: He is tired, |SO| he vyon't be there.
~^
Vd: • She runs quickly. • We study very hard. (Han met vi vay ban khong d do duoc.)
(v) (adv) (adv) (adv) • Dac biet: Khi thay doi vi tri ciia no trong cau, ma y nghia ciia cau
(M) ^ (M) van dung. Chii y phep chdtn cau.
^
• The very good student, • It's terribly cold today.

(adv) (adj)
Vd:
(adv) (adj)
Trang tir c6 9 loai sau day: -1 enjoyed the dinner. HOWEVER, I did not like the dessert.
(Toi hai long ve bCra toi. Tuy nhien, toi khong thich mon trang mieng.)
-1 enjoyed the dinner. I did not, HOWEVER, like the dessert.
. . ..»»»"'•
..
1.1 Trang tir
NOI KET -1 enjoyed the dinner. I did not like the dessert, HOWEVER.
. 1.9 Trang tir
TAN SUAT/ . . (Conjunctive Adv)
SO DEM (Adv 1.2 Trang tii' 1.2 Trang tu NGHl VAN (Interrogative Adv)
of Frequency or N G H l VAN
• Gom:
.. ..Number) . (Interrogative WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY...
Adv)
1.8 Trang t i r ' •. - How do you go?
XAC B I N H va "•• • Vi tri: Diing dau cau.
(Anh di bang phuong tien nao?)
PHUDINH 9 Loai - When did you do?
(Adv of Affirmation.- 1.3 Trang tu • Chirc nang: De hoi (?)
(Anh da lam khl nao?)
•••.& Negation)
TRANG TU QUAN H E
(Adverbs) (Relative Ad\
1.3 Tr^ng tu QUAN H E (Relative Adv)
"ADV"
1.7 Trang tir Gom:
WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY...
SO LUONG
..(Adv of Quantity) 1.4 Trang tii'
• VUri: Diing lien sau dpng tir.
T H O l GIAN
(Adv of Time) • Chuc nang: • Bo nghia cho mot dpng tir.
Vd: - Buy I H O W MUCH I you can. (Mua bao nhieu anh c6 the.)
•' 1.6 Trang til k ^
1.5 Trang tir
CACH THOC
NOI CHQN • Giiip noi hai menh de.
(Adv of Manner)
(Adv of Place) Vd: - Show him | WHERE | he will go. (Chi anh ta biet anh ta se di dau.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com C H U O N G 7 - TRANG TU -121
1.4 Tr^ng tu T H O I G I A N (Adv of Time) 1.7 Trang tu SO L U O N G ( A d v of Quantity)
• Com: r • Gom:
HALF, PARTLY T H E , VERY M U C H , T O O ,
I H O W , AFTER, LAFE, EARLY, S O O N , SINCE, | Q U I T E , ALL, E N O U G H , ABOUT, ...
i A G O , T O D A Y STILL, FORMERLY T H E N , ... i Chuc nang: N o i ro so l u o n g la "BAO N H I E U " .

• Chuc nang: Xac d i n h T H O I G I A N cua m o t hanh dong. Vd: - You w o r k E N O U G H . ( A n h l a m d u r o i . )
V d : -1 s e e ^ h i m ^ O N . (Chang bao lau nua t o i gap han.)
- We haven't seen h i m SINCE 2002. Dac biet: " T H E " cung la trang t u k h i d i v o i M O R E , MOST.
( C h u n g t o i da k h o n g gap lai h a n t u n a m 2 0 0 2 . )
Vd: - She is T H E M O S T b e a u t i f u l girl i n the class.
1.5 T r ^ n g t u N O I C H O N (Adv of Place) 1.8 Trang t u X A C D I N H va P H U D I N H

(Adv of Affirmation & Negation)
• Com:
• Com:
I HERE, THERE, BEFORE, B E H I N D , NEAR, FAR, UP, \, N O , PERHAPS, PROBABLY NEVER, \
; D O W N , up AWAY ABOVE, BELOW, A R O U N D , . . . \, OF COURSE, N O T AT ALL,... !
• Chtic nang: Xac d i n h N O I xay ra ciia m o t h a n h dpng.
• Chiic nang: D i e n ta sir Q U A Q l P f E T va su C H O I T U .
Vd: - He came HERE. ( O n g t a da den day.)
Vd: - D o y o u go? -^fe, I d o . (Da, t o i di.)
- She w o r k s THERE. (Ba ay l a m viec a d o . ) ( A n h d i khong?) - N o , I don't. (Khong, t o i k h o n g di.)
1.9 Trang t u T A N SUAT/s6 D E M
1.6 Trang t u C A C H T H U C (Adv of Manner) _ (Adv of Frequency or Number)
• Com: r • G o m 2 loai:
. SO, ALSO, FAST WELL, S O M E H O W , H A R D , i - Trang t u tan suat xac d i n h (Adverb o f definite frequency/number):
; PERHAPS, T H U S , T O O , SLOWLY BADLY ... 1
; O N C E , TWICE, THRICE, FIRSTLY A G A I N ... \
• Chtic nang: Dien ta m o t trang thai cua m o t hanh dong. V d : -1 read T W I C E a week. (Toi doc 2 Ian m o t t u a n . )
- She ran SOslowly. ( C h i ta chay cham the.) - Trang tir tan suat bat d i n h (Adverb o f indefinite frequency/number):
- They wori<WELL. ( C h u n g n o l a m viec g i o i . ) \>yAYS, USUALLY, p i T E N , NEVER, SOMET^^^ FIARDLY,... \
• Dac biet: Vd: - We OFTEN come late. ( C h u n g t o i t h u o n g d e n tre.)
C o m m o t so ADJ. + LY C h u "LY" djch la " m o t each" trong tieng Viet.
y: Diing nhom tir H O W OFTEN (Cii each bao lau) de dat cau hoi cho
- W e d o i t CAREFULLY ( C h i i n g t o i l a m d i e u d o m o t each can than.) 'oai trang t u tren.
Vd: How often do you go to the cinema? - Twice a month.
1 2 2 - M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR
2. CACH DUNG CUA TRANG TU (The usage of Adverbs):

• DUNG LAM THUOC TU: (Attributive Use)
CHLTONG 8
Mot trang t u dugc dung lam thuoc ttr de bo nghia cho:
P - Bo nghia cho mot dgng tu:

Vd: Helworl^lwrongly. (Han lam sal.)
["wrongly" chi dinh "works"].
Bo nghia cho mot t i n h t u :
=i Vd: They are perfectlv[ôdj(Hg hoan toan tot.)
["Perfectly" chi dinh "good"].
- Bo nghia cho mot trang ttr khac (another adverb):; D- CAC LOAI •
Vd: She entered very |slowly](Co ta buoc vao rat cham.)
["very" chi dinh "slowly"]. TLTNOI
Bo nghia cho 1 giai tir:
Vd:The bird flew exactly over my head. (Kinds of joining words)
(Thuc su con chlm bay ngang qua dau toi.)
["exactly" chi dinh cho "over"].
- Bo nghia cho mot lien tu:
Vd: They went out shortly!beforel the sun set.
(Ho di ra ngoai mot lat truoc khi mat troi Ian.)
["shortly" chi dinh "before"].
- Bo nghia cho mot menh de:

GlOl T U
Vd: Unfortunately, | he was killed.
[dame)
(That bat hanh, ong ay da bi giet.)
PREPOSitlONS
["Unfortunately" chi djnh "he was killed"].
• DUNG LAM VI NGU: (Predicative Use)
No la mot phan cua vi ngii trong cau khi no dugc diing lam bo ngir
(complement) cho mot dgng ttr di truoc.
Vd: - The game is over (Tro choi ket thiic.)
- The bus is [off.] (Xe buyt di roi.)
124 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG8-GIOITU-125
J 1> GIOI T U (Prepositions) 2 P H A N B I E T CAC L O A I G I O I TIJ:

La m o t t u hay n h o m t u d i truoc d a n h t u hoac dai t u tan n g u (me,
her, y o u , h i m , . . . ) de c h i m o i q u a n he giua c h u n g v o i cac t h a n h 1.Preposition o f place ) (in, on, at...)
p h a n khac t r o n g cau n h a m cho thay v i t r i , p h u o n g h u o n g , su Vd: I live in HCMC.
c h u y e n dong... ' (gidi tic chi not chon)
V d : - A b i r d is soaring [ U E I N T O the skv. [chi p h u o n g h u o n g ]

(pre) (n) \n front of, behind,
2.Preposition o f p o s i t i o n . . . .
( C o n c h i m dang bay v o t len t r o i . ) / beneath, above...)
(gidi tit chi in tri) Vd: She is in front of him.
- I n front o f her, there is a d o g . [ c h i v i t r i ]
(prep) (pronoun)
(Phia truoc c6 ay c6 m o t c o n cho.) I N (at, on, in, by , after , before,

• 3.Preposition o f t i m e ) . r j • ^.^
CAC L O A I G I O I T U : C O 2 L O A I rS I ^ y smce, for, dunng, until)
(gidi til chi thoi gian) Vd: -1 wait for hm until midnight.
I . G i o i t i t d o n (single prepositions)
- They ivill arrive here hy_ 2 P.M.)
+ 1 tit 1 dm tiet/vdn: at, i n , o n , of, off, up, d o w n , out, by, from,
with, through...
4.Preposition o f d i r e c t i o n ^ (across, up, down, at)
+ 1 tit2 dm tiet: Into, b e h i n d , under, along, beneath, between...
a. ^ Vd: She walks across the street.)
+ 1 tit 3 dm tiet: Alongside, underneath... (gidi tit chi phuong hudng)
II. GicM tCikep (compound prepositions), cum gidi t u (prepositional phrase): •5

S.Preposition o f m o v e m e n t ) through, towards...)
+ 2 fir; o u t of, apart f r o m , as for, p r i o r to, instead of, thanks to,
Vd: She climbs towards the top.
because of, due to...
(gidi tit chi sii chuyen dpng)
+ 3 tit: b y means of, i n front of, o n b e h a l f of, b y w a y o f in
conformity with...
+ 4 tit: i n the m i d d l e of, at the back of, w i t h a v i e w to, w i t h the G.Preposition o f m a n n e r ) (with, in, as, like, o f . . . )
v i e w o f w i t h the exception o f . . Vd: I teach with enthusiasm/
(gidi tit chi the each, warmth/fire,
Lull y: G i o i t u ngan 1 a m tiet: i n , o n , at, o f . , n a m giua ttia de mcM hay each thiic)
bai bao, c u o n sach, t o bao... k h o n g duoc viet hoa.
Vd: - Adverbs o f T i m e . (Trang t i t c h i t h o i gian)

- Journal o f Sunday. (Tap c h i C h u n h a t )
7.Preposition o f relation ) (instead of, along with, about...)
Vd: What is he angry about?
- Three M e n H e l d i n a Cigarette Case. (gidi tit chi moi quan he)
( Ba n g u d i d a n o n g b i g i a m t r o n g m o t v u t h u o c la.)

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3 VAl HiNH ANH D E PHAN BIET GIOI TU: 4 CACH DUNG CUA GIOI TIJ
(Prepositions o f Time)
FOR FROM TO BEFORE AFTER
\ is over
o'clock 10 o'clock
^—y
is dbove I 1
/ FROM 8 o'clock TO 10 o'clock
© is below For 2 hours

/ \
\
\
^ K »|
\
4) •® @ is under ^
ON
(Prepositions o f Movement or Motion)
IN OFF OUT OF
UP DOWN ACROSS ALONG
A C R O S S the road
A L O N G the road
V
IN
OUT OF OFF

(Prepositions o f Place)
CHUONG 9
BEHIND IN FRONT O F BETWEEN ABOVE UNDER BELOW OVER
A BEHIND
(tfang sail)
CAC LOAI
© IN F R O N T O F T H E D O O R
B E T W E E N
(ding trirdc cira)
TLf NOI
L U t l Y: I sit [ O N J . ( Toi tiep tuc ngoi.) (Kinds of joining words)
• Khi gioi ttr theo sau mot dong tir va c6 dau (.) a lien ben, thl no
tro thanh mot trang t u (adv.) va dich la "tiep tuc" khi
preposition do la " O N " .
Vd: We go on. (Chiing toi tiep tiic di.)
LIEN T U &
THANTIJ;
• Mot so truong hop nen bo gioi tii, vi them vao se du thira nghia.
Vd: - 1 entered this house, (to enter : buoc vao = to go into)
-1 entered INTO this house, {diing)
(Toi buoc vao nha nay.) CONYUNCTIONS
e
-1 entered INTO this house, [sai)
-1 go into this house, {dting) • &
• Mot so dong t u phai c6 gioi tu theo sau nhu:
To listen TO, To take care OF , To look AFTER,
INTERJECTIONS
To consist OF , To agree TO, To differ FROM,
To consist I N , To agree WITH, To differ WITH...

130 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 9 - LieN TU & THAN TU - 1 31
i > L I E N TIJ (Conjunctions) 1.1 Co-ordmatiY\g conjunctions (Lien t u k e t hop)

La' tir noi lien giua nhung tu, nhung doan cau, hay cum tir, hay 1.1.1 LIEN T U T I C H LUY (Cumulative Conj.)
nhung menh de trong cau.
Com: ; A N D , AS WELL AS, MOREOVER, NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO...,;
Com 2 loai lien tit: ; ...AND.. .TOO, ...NEITHER.. .NOR, NO LESS THAN... ;
1. Lien tir ket hop (Co-ordinating conj.): noi 2 cau, 2 chu ciing loai Lien ttr tich luy hai loi tran thuat lai voi nhau.
2. Lien tir phu thupc (Subordinating conj.): noi 1 cau phu thuoc Vd: - They are not only handsome but also kind.
voi 1 cau khac - He is diligent, moreover, he is honest.
- Neither Tom nor I like dogs.
LIEN TU
(Conjunctions) 1.1.1 LIEN Tir TUYEN TRACH (Alternative Conj.)
Gem:: O R , O R ELSE, E I T H E R . . . O R , O T H E R W I S E , . . . :
L _ _ _ — — — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — •*
I Compound Sentence [ Complex sentence Lien tir tuyen trach dua ra mot sir lira chpn giira hai loi tran thuat.
(cau kep) (cau phirc)
Vd: - He will obey or (or else, otherwise) he will be punished.
I Co-ordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions - They will do it either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
(Lien tir ket hpp) (Lien tir phu thupc) - He must go now or else he will miss the train.
1.1.3 LIEN T U T U O N G PHAN (Adversative Conj.)

1.1 L l f i N T 0 T l ' C H L U Y 2.1 L I E N T 0 C H i THOU GIAN
(Cumulative Conj.) (Conjunctions of time) Com: ; BLIT WHEREAS, HOWEVER, WHILE, YET NEVERTHELESS,
2.2 L I E N Tir CHI NOI CHON ; O N T H E O T H E R H A N D , STILL,...
1.2 LifiN T f T U Y E N T R A C K (Conjunctions of place)
(Alternative Conj.) 2.3 L I E N T 0 C H I T H E C A C H Lien tir tuong phan chi sir trai nguoc, tuong phan giita hai loi
(Conjunctions of manner)
1.3 LIEN T l / T l / O N G PHAN
2.4 L I E N Ttr C H i NGUYEN DO
tran thuat voi nhau.
(Adversative Conj.)
(Conjunctions of cause) Vd: - She is clever, but he is clumsy.
1.4 LifiN T 0 Q U Y N A P 2.5 L I E N T 0 CHI D I E U KIEN
- Many people like coffee, whereas others like wine.
(Illative Conj.) (Conjunctions of condition)
2.6 LIEN T 0 C H I S\J SO SANK - I'd like to eat Vietnamese food, yet my ft-iend would like to eat
(Conjunctions of comparison) lapanese food.
2.7 L I E N T 0 CHI M y C DfCH
(Conjunctions of purpose) 1.1.4 LIEN T U QUY NAP (Illative Conj.)
2.8 L I E N T 0 C H I S l / N H A N NH0ONG
HAY T 0 O N G PHAN : so, THUS, THEN, CONSEQUENTLY THEREFORE,... \
(Conjunctions of concession or contrast)
2.9 L I E N T 0 CHI S 0 K E T QUA Lien tir quy nap diing de ket luan giira hai loi tran thuat voi nhau.
(Conjunctions of effect)
2.10 LIEN T 0 C H i S 0 N G H I VAN HAY Vd: - They are poor; therefore, they have to work hard..
NGHIHOAC
- It's time to sleep, let's go to bed then.
(Conjunctions of indirect interrogation
or doubt) J - She has never been there, so she doesn't want to go there alone.
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG9-LieNTa&THANTU 133
1.2 Subordinating conjunctions (Lien tu phu thupc) t.2.6 LIEN TU CHI SU SO SANH (Conjunctions of comparison)
1.2.1 LIEN TU CHI THOI GLVN (Conjunctions of time) Com:; AS...AS, SO...AS, MORE...THAN, LESS...THAN,... ',
; AFTER, AS, WHILE, SINCE, UNTIL, TILL, BEFORE, Vd: - She is as poor as I am.
; AS SOON AS, WHENEVER, N O SOONER ... THAN,...
- He is more helpful than you are.
Vd: - We stay there till she comes back. 1.2.7 LIEN TU CHI MUG PICH (Conjunctions of purpose)
- As soon as they reach home, they will write to you. Com: IxHAF, IN ORDER THAT, SO THAF, LEST (e rang),... \
1.2.2 LIEN TU CHI NOI CHON (Conjunctions of place) Vd: - Run carefully, lest you should fall.
[WHERE, WHEREVER, WHENCE,... I - She came that (in order that, so that) she might speak to her father.
L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J
Vd: - Where there is a will, there is a way. ' 1.2.8 LIEN TU CHI SU N H A N NHUONG HAYTUONG PHAN
- We met her wherever we went. (Conjunctions of concession or contrast)
1.2.3 LIEN TU CHI THE CACH (Conjunctions of manner) Gom: I THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, HOWEVER, AS, EVEN IF,...;
Som: ; AS, AS IF, AS, THOUGH,... ; Vd: - Though he looks old, he is still healthy.
Vd: - He acted as if he were a king. -1 am going home, even if it rains.
- Do in Rome as the Romans do. 1.2.9 LIEN TU CHI SU KET QUA (Conjunctions of effect)
1.2.4 LIEN TU CHI NGUYEN DO (Conjunctions of cause) Som:;;;so.^THAr,...; va I SUCH | THAT I
S e m : ;AS, BECAUSE, SINCE, FOR,... 1 (adj/adv)
Vd: - He is so weak that he cannot do anything.
Vd: - Because she was sick, she didn't go to school. - Coffee is so hot that we cannot drink.
- M the weather is bad, we stay home. - She is such a nice girl that he has never forgotten.
1.2.5 LIEN TU CHI DIEU KIEN (Conjunctions of condition) 1.2.10 LIEN TU CHI SU NGHI VAN HAY NGHI HOAC
^ (Conjunctions of indirect interrogation or doubt)
[ IF, PROVIDED (THAT), UNLESS, IN CASE (THAr)V.. I
Vd: - In case (that) he is still sick, I can't go far. ; IF, ...WHETHER...OR 1
- They will follow the plan provided (that) the bank lend
them money. Vd: - She wants to know if he has done his work.
-1 don't know whether she is dead or still alive.
134- M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
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2 ; THAN T t (Interjections)
.2 Q U y T A C N G U PHAP
Lai tu diing dau cau de dien ta su vui mung, hai long, khoai chi,
ngac nhien, dau don...
T h u a n g bat dau bang nhung tir: O O H ! ( C h a ! , l l i cha!) - OH!(6!) S U C H I dtingvdi I N O U N
ADIECTIVE
sol diing vol hay ADVERB
H U R R A H ! ( H o a n ho!) - A L A S ! ( C h a o 6i!) - A h ! ( A ! ) - H e y ! ( E / N a y ! )
GMlthich: Giai thich:
Khi tieng ho than 1^ mot danh til ta dSL Khi tieng ho than 14 mot tinh tit hay mot
g j j T H ke lien tieng danh tit ay trang tit ta d?t SO ke lien tinh til hav trang
2.1 Q U Y T A C N G U P H A P i
W H A T I diing v a i l N O U N
Giai thich:
Khi tieng ho than la mot danh tit ta dem yd I:
H O W I diing vol ADIECTIVE He is A STUDENT She is T PRETTY
WHAT dat d dau cau, roi dat tieng danh hay ADVERB
SUCH SO
tij ho than ay ke hen sau WHAT.
(Anh jiy W mpt hpc sinh nhit thef sao!) (Co ta that la d?p!) (Co ta d?p the!)
Lriuy: Via lai: - He is such a student! Viet lai: - She is SO pretty!
Giai thich:
What di \<3\h tii dem dUgic va khong
Khi tieng ho than la mot tinh tit hay mot
dem diloc. Vd2:
trang til ta dem HOW dat d dau cau, roi Ml:
Vd: - What an idea he has! ta dat tinh til hay trang til ho than ay ke a violent storm! The boy runs t QUICKLY!
We had
(Y tiJdng ciia anh ay la vay sao!) lien H O W SUCH SO
- What weather we are having!
(Chiing toi bi mpt tran bao dfl dOi l i m sao!) (Diia be chay nhanh thef!)
(Th6i tiet the nay day!)
Vift lai: - We had such a violent storm! Via lai: - The boy runs SQ quickly!
I
Vd: Vd 1: - She is pretty (Co ta xinh)
- He is a student. (Han la mot hgc sinh.)
HOW she is PRETTY!
WHAT he is A STUDENT!
k I (Co ta xinh lam sao!)
(Han la mot hoc sinh nhil the sao!) Viet lai: - HOW pretty she is!
LUUY:
Viet lai:- WHAT a student he is! Vd2: - The boy runs quickly
(Diia be chay nhanh.) Bill la mot hoc sinh luoi bieng. - Bill is A LAZY S T U D E N T .
Vi tieng ho than la "mpt hoc sinh" (danh til)
nen ta diing WHAT dat d dau cau roi dila "A LAZY S T U D E N T " la mpt danh tit kep [cung dupe coi n h u mpt
HOW I the boy runs OUICKLY!
danh til ho than ra diing ke lien sau.
danh tii]
(Diia be chay nhanh the!)
Vay khi dich: Bill la mpt hpc sinh luoi bieng the sao!
Viet lai: - HOW quickly the boy runs!
Ta cung c6 the dung: W H A T A LAZY S T U D E N T Bill is!
Vi "PRETTY" la tinh til va "QUICKLY" la
trang til nen ta diing HOW ded dau cau.
J
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG IO-CUMTU/NHOMTU 137
CUM TU
{Phrase)
I. D I N H N G H I A
PHAN 3 Do?in cau / cvim tir la mpt nhom tir lien he vai nhau tao th^nh mpt
Parts y khong day du.
D4c biet: nhom t u do khong c6 dpng t u bien vi / dpng tir gidi han
(finite verb), nghia la khpng c6 dong tu da chia roi (conjugated verb).
II. PHAN L O A I
CluMg 10
CUM TU
CHAPTER 10 {Phrase)
l.Cumgioitir .'2. Cum thupc dpng tir

(Prepositional Phrase) .'
C U M TLT/NHOM TIT (Verbal Phrase)
(GROUP OF WORDS)
a. Cum phan tir
(Participial Phrase) )

138 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 10 - CUM TU / N H O M TU 1
1. CUM GIOI T U (PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE)
a/ N h u m o t d a n h t u :
HINH THUC
• C h u ngu:
V d : - The best t i m e for play is at n i g h t .
(S) ^V)
Công t h u c 1: - M o s t o f us are here.

(S)
i 1 GIOI T U + 1 DANH T U \ I
• Tan ngu:
V d : O N the street; I N T O the house;
V d : - This d i s h is f i l l e d w i t h meat.
A L O N G the river; F R O M the w i n d o w ; . . . (V)4 _ J (i.o.)
- They l o o k | at the blackboard.

(V) ^ ] oo)
O N the table
- Peter looks after his sick mother.
mm (I.O) (Prep.Q)
U N D E R the table - She likes all o f us.

(v)T_ (D.O.)
b/ N h u m o t t i n h t u :
V d : - 1 m e t some students f r o m Europe.

(n) y (adj, phrase)
C o n g i h i r c 2: c/ N h u m o t trang ttr:
V d : - The b o y walks | a l o n g the river.

me, y o u , h i m , V d : - ALL OF US (V) K _y (adv, phrase)
;1GI6ITU+ her, it, us,
- M O S T OF T H E M - D o n ' t judge | b y appearances. [
them (V) y (adv, phrase)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 10-CUMTU/NHOMTU 141
2. C U M T H U O C B O N G T U ( V E R B A L P H R A S E ) 2.1 C U M PHAN TU (PARTICIPIAL PHRASE)

G 6 m 3 loai: C u m p h a n t u hay con duac g p i la c u m t i n h til (Adjective Phrase)
v i n o d u p e d i i n g n h u m o t t i n h tir.
1 Present Participle Phrase 2. Past Participle Phrase

( C u m p h a n tu h i ^ n tai) ( C u m p h a n tir qua k h u )
b. Cum danh
a. Cvim phan tu
dong tu C o n g thirc: C o n g thirc:
(Participial Phrase)
(Genindial 1 \o / 1
1 \ " ' ° / 1
Phrase) 1 V - l - ING + 1 tan ngfl | ; V (c^3) + 1 tan ngO \
1 P.P. 1 1 Past Part i

P.P. = Present Participle Past Part. = Past Participle
Vd: - Playing the p i a n o , Vd:
- Sitting next to m e , . . . - Broken chair / Spoiled c h i l d
C y m t h u Q C d p n g tu Giai thich chiic nang: G i a i thich chtic nang:

(VERBAL PHRASE)
• Duoc d i i n g n h u m o t t i n h tir de • Duac dting n h u 1 t i n h t i r :
bo nghia cho danh t u hav dai tir:
Vd 1:
Vdl: |Made| of wood, this table is good.
[BeinE | i n a hurrv to go home, John (adj) ^ (n)
(P.P))'^----^ (M) _____--^(n) Past Part. (M)
can't see her. (Dupe lam bang go, chiec b a n

nay t o t . )
(Vi vpi ve nha, John khong thay c6 ay.)
/ c. Cum dpng tu \ Co n g h i a la:
Vd2:
nguyen the ; - [ I t is] made o f w o o d , this table
(Infinitive Phrase) / The teacher punishing Tom is is g o o d .
Vd2:
Mr. Brown. - |Seen| at night Paris is very beautiful.
(Giao vien nguoi ma phat Tom la
ong Brown.) (Dupe nhin ve dem, Paris tuyet dep.)
[It is seen at n i g h t , . . . ]
1 4 2 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 10-CUMTU/NHOMTU 1 4 3
2.2 C U M D A N H D O N G T U ( G E R U N D I A L P H R A S E ) 2.3 C U M B O N G T U N G U Y E N T H E ( I N F I N I T I V E P H R A S E )
C o n g thuc: C o n g thuc:
GIOI T U + V + ING + 1 tan ngil ; NGUYEN T H E + 1 tan ngu
gerund
Vd: - 1 To hear | y o u , ...

Vd: On| a r r i v i n g at t h e office, ...
To love y o u , ...
W i t h o t r t l d r i n k i n g w ^ a t e r , ... To b u i l d I a b u i l d i n g , ...
O n | hearing the fire alarm, .. G i a i thich c h u c nang:
• Dugc diing n h u m o t danh t u de lam: C h u ngu / C h i i each (Nominative

case) hay Tan n g u / T a n each (Objective case) cho m o t d g n g t u .
G i a i thich chiic nang:
Vd: - I To understand | y o u is difficult.
D u o c d i i n g n h u m o t d a n h t u de l a m c h u n g u hay tan n g i i cho m o t
dong t u (s)i kv)
( D e h i e u b a n that la k h o . )
Vd: -1 w a n t |to b o r r o w ] y o u r b o o k .
Obeying | o u r parents is a good behavior. (V) 4 (0)
(S) I |(V) ( T o i m u o n m u g n c u o n sach ciia b a n . )
(Vang l o i cha m e la m o t h a n h v i t o t . )
' Dugc diing n h u mot t i n h tCr de bo nghia cho m o t danh t u hay mot dai tu.
hoac: | Listening t o |our parents is a g o o d behavior.
(S) (V) Vd: - It's t i m e I t o stop I a lesson.
Vd:
- S m o k i n g cigarettes is a b a d habit for health.
(S) I f{V) (Day la t h o i d i e m de ket t h i i c b a i h o c . )
( H i i t t h u o c la la m o t t h o i q u e n xau d o i v o l siic khoe.)
- h's h a r d for (^ne) |to say| g o o d bve.
- I wait (for) d o i n g this. (Pro) KJM)_^
(V) 4 I (o) (That la k h o k h a n v o i t o i de n o i l o i tarn biet.)
(Toi c h o l a m viec nay.)

J
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 11-MENH 145
CliapWvll CHUONG 11 I. D I N H N G H I A :
- Menh de la mot nhom t u gom c6 dong t u va chu ngu trong menh

de do. No duoc diing nhu mot phan ciia cau.
- N h o m tu ay dugc goi la: Menh de chinh va menh de phu.
ILPHANLOAI:
1- MENH D E CHINH fhav Menh De Doc Lapl

(Main / Principal or Independent clause):
La menh de t u no day du y nghia. No c6 the diing rieng thanh
MENH DE
mpt cau don doc ma khong can c6 mat ciia lien tir phu thuoc
(Subordinating conj.). Tuy nhien, c6 the c6 lien t u ket hgp
(Coordinating conj.)
CLAUSES Vd: - HE is a student.
- HE is a student |AND| I am a teacher. [AND: Coordinating conj.]

(Independent (Independent
clause) clause)
2- MENH D E PHU (Subordinate / Dependent clause):
La mpt menh de t u no khong dii nghia, khong the dung rieng

mpt m i n h ma phai le thuoc vao menh de chinh (tiic can c6 su
gioi thieu ciia lien tu phu thuoc).
i dy: -1 have been living in Paris ÎNCEJI was 3 vears old.

(MDC) L (fii khi) (MDP)
[SINCE: Subordinating conjunction]
» Neu noi: Tu khi toi len ba tuoi (chua du nghia).

Vi ngudi ta se hoi: sao nua?
• Phai noi them: Toi song 6 Paris t u khi toi len 3 tuoi.

CHUONG 11 - M E N H 147
2.1 Menh de danh tu (Noun clause)

• La mpt m?nh de lam cong viec cua mpt danh tu.
Co chiic nang lam: - Chii ngu cho mot dong tir (subject of a verb)
CO BA LOA] MENH DE PHU - Tan ngu cho mot dong tu (object of a verb)
- Tan ngu cho mot gidi tu (objea of a preposition)
Menh de danh tu thuong bat dau bang
WHAT, WHERE, WHY, WHATEVER,
WHOEVER, THAT...
' ^ a/ Chu ngu (Subject)
2.1 Menh te danh t(r Vd: I What
(NounIclause)
he is(S)
doing (V)
seems unsuccessful.
I ^
; (Noun clause) ; (Cai ma ban dang lam duang nhu khong thanh cong.)
b/ Tan ngu (Object)
Vd: I know |THAT| he is good. (Toi biet rang ban ta tot.)
(V)^ | ( 0 ) (Noun clause)
i 2.2 Menh d'e finh fir c/ Tan ngu giai tu (Prepositional object)
I (Adjective/Adjectival clause) | Vd: He's satisfied CwiTH> I WHATEVER] he has.
(P^^P°^"'|^^^ ^(O' (Noun clause)
(Anh ay hai long voi tat ca nhung gl ma anh ay c6.)
d/ Pong vi ngu cho mot danh tu (Apposition with a noun)
Vd: The runrior [THAT | he was debauched is false.
I 2.3 Menh SB trang tir (n) I — = ^ 1 (Noun clause)
J (Adverb/Adverbial clause) J (Tin ngu

e/ Tan don cho
rang mot
anh danh
ta truydong
lac latusai.)
(Object of a verbal)
Vd: HopllNGi I T H A T I Bill will arrive will become true.
(O) I (Noun clause
(Hy vpng ring

Download Ebook Tai: https://downloadsachmienphi.com Bill den se tro thanh sir that.)
148 M I N D M A P ENGLISH G R A M M A R
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 11-M6NHDE 149
2.2 Menh de tinh tu (Adjective clause) 2.3 Menh de trang tu (Adverb clause)
• La m?nh de lam chiic nang cua mQt t i n h t u . • La mot menh de lam cong vi^c cua mpt trang tit.
No bo nghia cho mot danh t u hay mot dai ttr. No bo nghia cho: - Mot dong ttr
- Mot tinh tir
Menh de t i n h t u bao gom: menh de Lien He (Defining Relative
- Mot trang tCr khac
Clause) va menh de Khong Lien He (Non-defining Relative Clause)
BAT D A U B A N G : Vd: - The man [WHQj doesn't study is lazy. TRANG TU CHI BAT DAU BANG NHIEM V l l
(n) V (adj. clause)
Dai t u quan he (M)
Thoi gian N h u mot trang tir.
W H E N (khi)
(Relative pronoun) [Nguoi (ma) khong hoc t h i ludi.] WHILE... (trongkhi)
(Time) A- Bo nghia cho mot dpng tir
WHO
- Bill ate the same cake I THAT 11 had just eaten Noi chon/ Vd:
WHOM (n)V (adj. clause)
WHERE (noi)
Dia diem (Place) AS FAR AS (noi xa)
I go to work I W H E N |the sun rises.
WHICH (M)
[Bill an ciing cai banh (ma) toi vira an.]
THAT Cach thirc AS (nha)
WHOSE (Manner) AS IF... (diidng nhif) (v) }^(M)y (Adv.clause)
(Toi di lam khi mat troi moc.)

Nguyen nhan BECAUSE (vi)
BAT D A U BANG:
FOR (bdi vi)
Trang tir quan he (Cause) SINCE (ti( khi) B- Bo nghia cho mot t i n h tir
(Relative adverb) - A class is a place IWHEREl students are educated
(n) V (adj. clause) Dieu kien IF (neu) Vd:
WHEN, WHERE
(M)
(Condition) UNLESS (tril phi)
W H Y ...
[Lop hoc la noi (ma) hoc sinh duoc day do.] I am tallER I T H A N I you think
Muc dich so T H A T (den noi) (adj) V ^(M) (adv. clause)
IN ORDER THAT
LUU Y: (Purpose) (hau, nhU)
I am.
(Toi cao hon anh nghi.)
Voi mpi "Dai tit quan he", trtr "THAT", khi mot dong tir can theo so (vi the, the)
Ket qua
sau mot giai tit, ta phai mang "gioi tir ay" ra 6 phia truoc ke lien no. SO + Adj/adv, (the)
(Result)
- You are a boy W H O M | I think ABOUT.
4 I So sanh AS ... AS (bang)
ER T H A N (hon) C- Bo nghia cho mot trang tir
Tijc la:
(Comparison) MORE... THAN
Vd: - You are a boy ABOUT WHOM I think. (Anh la cau be ma toi nghi yg) Vd:
WHOM Tuong phan Bill studied M O R E studiously
HOWEVKR (tuy nhien)
Nhung: The man THAT I speak T O is my brother, (dting) (M)^ ^ (adv)
hay nhan nhuong ALTHOUGH (tuy vay)
IHOUGH (tuy nhien) THAN I did.
(Contrast or
The man TO [THAT | I speak is my brother, (sai) KVENIR.. (ngay ca) (adv. clause)
Concession) (Bill da hoc cham chi hon toi (hoc).)
- To think about: nghi ve - To speak to: noi ve
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 1 2 - C A U -151
CHUONG 12 CAU (Sentences):

La mot n h o m t u gom chu ngu (Subject) va vi ngii (Predicate)
dien ta day d i i m o t y nghia.
Gom 4 ]ogv.
CAU
SENTENCES

1 5 2 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com
Phan loai theo cau tô, gom 4 loai cau:
1.CAU DONGIAN 2. CAU KEP

(Simple sentences) (Compound sentences)
Gom: Gom:
- Hai hay nhieu menh de doc lap.
- Mot menh de doc lap
Vd:
Vd: -1 sit, |BUT| he stands.
(chinh) (chinh)
-1 see him.
- You must live, |OR| you must die.
- This often happens to me.
-1 can't help laughing. LUU Y:
Thuang "noi lien" boi lien t u
ket hop nhu: BUT, OR, AND,
SO, ...
Cimmq 13
3. CAU PHUC 4. CAU HON HOP

CHAPTER 13
(Complex sentences) (Compound-Complex sentences) (Mixed)
Gom: Gom:
- Hai hay nhieu menh de chinh.
CACH DUNG
- Mot menh de C H I N H
- Va mot hay nhieu menh de PHU - Va mot hay nhieu menh de phu.
Vd: Vd:
Tf] I have money, I shall buy a car.

- |When|you play, we study | A N D | they work,
(phu) (chinh) (chinh)
USAGE
(phu) (chinh)
- W e k n o w that y o u are a teacher,
- Everyone says [thatj you are kind. (chinh) (phu)
(chinh) (phu)
LUU Y: I but I they think | that | you are a pilot.
Luon luon c6 lien tir phu thuoc (chinh) (phv)
a menh de phu: [ I f . . . ] , LUU Y:
[Because...] , [After...] Luon luon c6 lien tir phii thuoc 6
menh de phii [When,...], [If...],
[Although...], [...that...], ....

1 5 4 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 13 - CACH DUNG - 1 5 5
[ L U U Y:
CACH DUNG
- Dong vi ngu (Appositive) cung mot "ease" n h u ttr diing trudc
(Usage) (Antecedent)
i La hlnh thiic cua danh t u hay dai t u chi m o i quan he cua chiing ; - Antecedent la tu diing truac, va c6 tir diing ke lien sau thay the no.
; vai nhung tu khac trong cay. i Yd:
A. T R U O N G H O P ( C A S E ) "I", "a student", do this exercise.

(antecedent) (Appositive cua "I")
Co 5 tmong hop: Toi, mot hoe sinh, lam bai tap do.
1. T R U O N G H O P C H U C A C H ( N O M I N A T I V E C A S E ) : ("1", "a student" deu o Nominative case, vi "a student" la
appositive ciia antecedent " I " ) .
Mot danh t u hay dai t u lam chii ngtr gpi la chii each; lam tan
ngu goi la tan each. - Trong phep so sanh, nen luu y truang hop "case" 6 cac
cau sau:
a/ No lam chu mu cho_ mot ngoai dong tu (transitive verb): Yd:
- The teacher explains a lesson. I am I as I big | as | he (is). (Toi thi to nhu han.)
(Vt) (O)
( " I " , "He" deu 6 Nominative ease vi sau "He", "is" dugc
- The man W H O makes shoes is a shoe-maker.
hieu ngam.)
(Vt) (O)
("The teacher", "Who" deu 6 Nominative case vi lam chii
ngu cho "explains" va "makes")
("a lesson", "shoes" o Objective case)
-1 like you as he (does.) (Toi thieh cau nhu han [thi'eh eau].)
b/ No la chu each sau dong tii lien he "To Be": - I like you as h i m . (Toi thieh eau nhu [thich] no.)
-1 like you as I like h i m .
- It is BILL.
2. T R U O N G H O P T A N C A C H ( A C C U S A T I V E C A S E ) :
- k is IJJ (Diing trong van viet.)
Mot danh tir hay mot dai t u duac goi la 6 tan each khi:
- It is me. (Diing trong khau ngu /noi.)
al Lam chii ngu hay tan ngu cho mot dong tu nguyen the:
("Bill", "1", va "me" deu a chii each vi chiing la danh tii va
- We go TO PLEASE [ H l M j ( C h u n g toi di de lam vui long han.)
dai t u diing sau TO BE.) ~^ l(0)
("Bill", " I " , va "me" 6 Nominative ease, vi la danh ttr diing " H I M " 6 Accusative case hay Objective case, vi no lam tan ngu
sau copulative verb "BE".) cho "TO PLEASE".

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 13-CACH DUNG 157
hj Lam tan ngu true tiep cho don^ tic: 3. TRUONG HOP D U CACH (DATIVE CASE):
-They HIT |US.| (Ho danh chung toi) Mot danh t i i hay mot dai t u duoc goi la a d i i each khi:
~tI_J (D.O.)
- "US" a Accusative case hay Objective case, v i no lam tan Lam tan ngie gidn tiep cho dong tic:
ngu true tiep cho "HIT".
- The table I WHICH II BOUGHT vesterdav is good. -1 gave I JOHN | a book = I gave a book TO John.
(D.O.)I I (Iniiirect object) (I.O)
(Cai ban ma toi da mua hom qua thi tot.) (Toi da cho John mot quyen sach.)
" W H I C H " a Accusative case hay Objective case, v i no lam "JOHN" a Dative case, v i lam tan ngii gian tiep (I.O.) cho
tan ngu true tiep cho "BOUGHT". "gave".
c/ Lam tan ngu cho 1 gidi tit: 4. TRUONG HOP S O H U U CACH (POSSESSIVE CASE):
- All [OF] THEM swam. (Tat ca chung bai.) Mot danh tir hay mot dai tir duoc goi la 6 so huu each khi:
I (O)
•r [
- "THEM" ©Accusative case hay Objective case, vi no lam tan • Chi su so him: (To indicate the possession)
ngu true tiep cho "OF". Thuang duoc dien ta bang t u "CUA" trong tieng Viet.
- Don't STAND |W1TH | vour HANDS |IN| your POCKETS.
(O)^ (O) -This is MY pen.
(Dung diing vai doi ban tay de trong tiii.)
(Day la cay but "ciia toi".)
"YOUR HANDS" va "YOUR POCKETS" d Accusative case
"MY" 6 Possessive case.
hay Objective case, v i no lam tan ngu cho "WITH" va " I N " .
- Peter is looking [ M ] Nlary. (Peter dang nhin Mary.) HIS I singing annoys me.
f \(o) (Sir ca hat "ciia no" quay ray toi.)
"MARY" a Accusative case hay Objective case, vi no lam tan "HIS" 6 Possessive case.
ngu cho "AF".
d/ Lam dong vi cho mot danh tii
- We met M r Jones, |the tailor. | [Mr. Jones = the tailor]
(Chiing toi gap ong Jones, mot tho may.)
-1 visited Mary, |my friendT| [Mary = my friend]
(Toi d i tham Mary, ban toi.)

158 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 13 -CACH DUNG -159
Chi dugc vlet sang Possessive case khi sau "OF" la danh t u chi:
J L i n J Y: ^ Ve "Possessive case" cua mot danh tir
NGUOI (Person):
1 / The shirt I OF I this man. (Cdi do cm ngudi dan dug nay.) The pen |OF| the student. (Cai but ciia anh sinh vien.)
This man' [S] SHIRT (bo mao t u "THE") (Danh tit chi vat (Danh tit chi ngUdi)
sdhau) The student pen.
[man's: a Possessive easel
C O N V A T / D O N G V A T (Animal):
2/ The shirts |OF | these men. (Nhung chiec do cua nhimg ngudi dan ong nay.)
these men' [S] SHIRTS (van bo mao t u "THE") The back |OF| the horse. (Cai lung ciia con ngua.)
(con vat)
[men's: 6 Possessive case] The horse Psl back.
3/ The book |OF j this boy. (Cudn sdch dm cdu be nay.) T H O I G I A N : (Time)
This b o y ' E BOOK (bo mao tit "THE") - The news lOF I today. (Tin tiic ciia h d m nay.)
[book's: a Possessive case] ' (thdigian)
Today [s] news.
4/ The books JOF | these bovs. (Nhung cudn sdch cm nhung cdu he.)
- A war |OF| 30 years (Mot cudc chien [keo dai] 30 nam.)
These boys • BOOKS (bo mao t u "THE")
A 30 years [3 war.
[boys': a Possessive case]
KHOANG CACH VATRQNG LUONG (Distance and weight):
Xem 4 vi du a tren c6 vai nhan xet sau:
- A walk lOF I two miles (Mot cudc di bd dai 2 dam)
- Dau PS chi Possessive case.
A two miles P] walk.
- Mot danh tir them [s] khi no khong c6 "S" d tan cung, themLl - A book |OF| 3 pounds (Mdt quyen sach nang 3 Pao)
khi CO "S" d tan cung.
A 3 pounds LJ book.
Vd: This man's
N H A N C A C H H O A (Personification):
These men's
va These boys' - The green mental [OFI THE EARTH.
The Earth [S] green rnental.
- Phuong phdp:
(Cai "ao choangxanh" ciia "Trai dat"). dung trongvan chuong
Muon Viet tat cua Possessive case ([SJhay L J ) t h i :
> Ta ha danh t u sau hen t u "OF" xuong, dat ^ hay Q d ke DANH DONG TU (Gerund):
lien no. - The coming |OF| the teacher on time is always necessary.
> Ta dem danh t u trudc lien tir "OF" ra phi'a sau cua [S] hay The tealcher 'S coming...
(nhd bd mao tir a, an, the). (Su den diing gid ciia mdt giao vien ludn ludn can thiet.)
1 6 0 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 13 - CACH DUNG 161
E * - ~ ~ ^ F ^ ^
DACBIET W
a / 1 lane's fathers and Tom's
Ve Possessive Case
- La:
- Gom:
SO IT
I . NEU TU DUNG TRUOC
EACH, ANYONE, SOMEONE, SOMEBODY

1 Jane's and Tom'S fathers (Cha ciia lane va cha cua Tom.)
NOONE, NOBODY EVERYBODY EVERYONE
Jane and Tom'S father (Cha ciia Jane va Tom - cung mpt cha)
- Ta phai dting dai t u so it
[Mr. Dicl<'s cars and Peter's colhded head-on. EACH of the students studied I H I S | lesson
(Mr. Dick's and Peter's cars had a head-on collision.
(Xe 6 to cua Dick va xe cua Peter hiic dau nhau.) (Moi mot hoc sinh da hoc bai cua no.)
b/ Here is Bill/ a student's friend. (Day la Bill, ban ciia mot hoc sinh)
hay: r :
2. NEU TU DUNG TRUOC
Here is Bill's (friend), a student. (Day la ban cua Bill, mot hoc sinh.; - Dugc noi lien boi:
Ta thay "BILL" va "A STUDENT" la "APPOSITIVE" (Dong vi ngu)
EITHER OR (Hoac Hay/Hoac Hoac)
Vay chi c6 the dat • hay [S] mot trong hai tieng ay ma thoi. NEITHER NOR (Khong cung khong)
1/ - Neu noi hai t u diing truoc d so it
5 . TRUONG HQP H O CACH (VOCATIVE CASE):
- Thi diing dai tir a so it.
Mot danh tii hay mot dai tir duoc gpi la a ho each khi: NEITHER Bill NOR John chose Hisl class
• Dim td SU keu goi, su ho hdo... (Khong phai Bill cung khong phai John chpn lop no.)
2/ - Neu noi hai t u diing truoc a so nhieu
- Bill, be nice! , - Thi dung dai tir 6 so nhieu.
(Nay Bill, ngoan len nhe!)
EITHER I students
•
[0R|
'
teachers had I THEIR
1
I own lessons
LUU Y: Loai nay dung cho truong hgp ho each khong dinh (Hoac hoc sinh hay thay giao deu c6 bai rieng ciia ho.)
liu gi ve van pham ca. 3/ - Neu noi mot tir diing truoc d so it va mot tieng khac 6
Chi CO y KEU G O I hay H O H A O ma thoi. so nhieu
- Thi so it hay so nhieu tuy tieng diing "KE N O " .
B. S U HO A HOP D A I T U (Pronoun Agreement): E I T H E R ! M i [ O R ] his parents had | THEIR | duty
Dai tir phai hoa hgp vdi tu diing truoc (antecedent) oia no bang: (Hoac Bill hay cha me ciia anh ta deu c6 bon phan ciia hp.)
- Ta thay: "His parents" 6 so nhieu va 6 ke lien tir diing truoc.
- Vay phai dimg THEIR (6 so nhieu).
J

1 6 2 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR CHUONG 13-CACHDUNG 163
3. NEU TU DUNG TRUOC C. SU HOA HOP GIUA C H U NGU VA D O N G TU

- La danh t u tap hop (Subject - Verb Agreement):
- Phai dung tuy y nghia ciia cau.
1 / C o y n g h i a s o it: Chu ngil va dong t u hoa hop: Bang so
- Neu chu ngu 6 so it
The class has I ITS [English lesson every day
1 —' - Thi dpng ttr phai d so it
(Lop CO bai hoc Anh ngii m o i ngay) Tire them "S". Chi them "ES" khi t u tan ciing bang:
"THE CLASS" coi nhu mot don v i . X, C H , S H , SS, O
2/ Co y nghia so nhieu: Vd: He plays football well (Anh ta choi da bong gioi.)
The team have I THEIR I victory. Bill goes to school. (Bill di hoc.)
(Toan dpi (bong) deu c6 chien cong.) She watches h i m . (Co ta theo doi han.)
He kisses her. (Anh ta hon c6 ta.)
"THE TEAM" coi n h u thanh tich ciia nhieu ca nhan.
- Neu chii ngu o so nhieu
- Thi dpng t u 6 so nhieu
Vd: We study English.
4. NEU TU DUNG TRUOC LUU Y:
- La dai danh tir bat dinh Dirng lam "chu ngu" (subject) voi "ttrgiiia chu nguva dpng ttr"
- Com: EVERYONE, EVERYBODY... Vd: The pens of "my brother" are here, {dting)
(moi nguoi) (moi nguoi) (Nhung cay biit cua em trai toi thi 6 day.)
- Nhieu chiinguduoc noi boi tu " A N D " thi dpng tir oso nhieu.
- Mac dau c6 nghia "moi nguoi". Tiic la vua giong cai, vua
Vd: Books AND pens | A N D | rulers are useful for students.
giong due. (Sach but thuac ke thi I'ch Igi cho hoc sinh.)
va va
- Nhung phai dung: H I S (due) thay cho H E R (cai)
EVERYBODY! took off | H I S | hat. (Moi nguoi bo mu ra.)

Voi chu ngvi la:
Dpng tir
EVERYONE] has I H I S I hobby (Ai c6 so thich nay) NO ONE, NOBODY EVERYBODY
phai diing o so it
EVERYONE, EVERYIHING...
- Ngu phap ngay nay cho phep dung ca dai tir "THEIR".
Vd: - NOBODY knows this. (Khong ai biet dieu nay.)
- EVERYONE comes on time. (Mpi nguoi den diing gio.)

CHUONG 13-CACH DUNG 165
0
164 M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Chii ngu (ma danh til la goc Hy Lap) nhu: Khi hai chii ngu noi lien vai nhtrng thanh ngu sau:
Physics, MumpS, NewS, \ Chiing 6 hinh thuc so nhieu
Politics, Mathematics ... / - Nhung dung v6i dong tit so it Si +
t
AS WELL AS (cung nhu)
TOGETHER WITH (ciingvdi)
TO BE ACCOMPANIED (thap tiing)
+ S2+V
Vd: - This newS is good for me. (Tin nay doi vai toi tot.)
0
dong tii dMc chia theo S,
Vd: - They |as well as | Bill are coming.
Chu ngii la danh tii tap hop: (Hg cung dang den nhu Bill.)
- Neu danh tir tap hgp ay duac coi la nhu "mot dan vi", thi
dung: dong tii so it: - The boy together with his parents studies well.
Vd: The class has an English lesson every day. (Cau be do cung hgc gioi nhu cha me no.)
(Ngay nao lap cung hoc tieng Anh.)
- Neu danh tir tap hgp ay dien ta "Tirng ca nhan ciia mot
nhom" thl diing: dong tii so nhieu:
Vd: The crowd were putting on their hats.
0 Khi chu ngii c6 so theo: Diing vai dong tir so it khi "dien ta
so it".
(Ca dam dong dpi mu.) 80 dollars, 2+6, \ Chung 6 hinh thiic so nhieu
200 people, 150 meters.../ - Nhung diing vdi dong tir so it
Chu ngu la dai tir quan he: Vd: - 30 USD IS so high [a] price. (Gia 30 do la thi qua cao.)
- Voi dai tir quan he, khi lam chii ngu, no a so it hay so - 2 + 6 MAKES 8. (2 + 6 thanh 8)
nhieu tiiy theottr diing truoc cua no trong cau. - 1,000 meters IS |ONE [kilometer. (1.000 met la 1 cay so.)
Vd: - It is I who am speaking.
T \
(Day la nguai ma toi dang tro chuyen).

0 Khi chu ngir c6 phan so theo:
Danh tir sau phan so la so it, thi dong tir a so it.
-("1"
It (is)la tirThey
diing| who|
truac,are speaking.
"who" la dai tir quan he.) Vd: - 2/7 (two - sevenths) of the cake IS not enough.
(Day la nhung nguai ma toi dang tro chuyen.) (2/7 cai banh thi khong du.)
- It I I who I broke the crystal vase. - 2/5 (two - fifths) of the cakes ARE not enough.
(Chinh toi danh va chiec Ip pha le do.) (2/5 nhirng cai banh thi khong dii.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 1 4 - P H A N T i C H T U L O A I 167
P H A N TICH T U LOAl
^ (Parsing)
NOUN (Danh tu)
1.1 KINDS OF NOUNS 1.3 GENDERS

(Loai) (Giong)
- Proper Noun - Masculine Gender

(Danh t u rieng) (Giong due)
- Common Noun - Feminine Gender
(Danh tir chung) (Giong cai)
Ckmiq 14 - Collective Noun - Common Gender
(Giong chung)
CHAPTER 14 (Danh tir tap the)
- Neuter Gender
- Concrete Noun
(Danh t u cu the) (Giong trung tinh)
- Abstract Noun
(Danh t i i triiu tuong) 1.4 CASES
P H A N T i C H Jii L O A l (Truang hpp)
(CU PHAP) 1.2 NUMBERS

(So)
- Nominative case
(Chii each)
PARSING - Singular Number

- Vocative case
(Ho each)
(So it)
- Objective case / Accusative case
- Plural Number
(Tan each)
(So nhieu)
- Dative case
(Du each)
- Genitive case /Possessive case
(So huu each)

1 6 8 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 14 - PHAN TICH TU LOAI 1 6 9
2- P R O N O U N (Dai tu)
PARSING M O D E L S O F N O U N S (Mau p h a n tich d a n h tu)
; KINDS OF PRONOUNS GENDERS NUMBERS PERSONS CASES
Vd: 1 (Loqi) (Giong) (So) (Ngoi) (Trudng hop)
\ Personal Pronoun - Masculine - Singular ,st - Nominative case

; Mr. Smith, who taught Jane, took a trip to Asia.
J (Dai tu nhan xung) Gender Number (Chu each)
; (Ong Smith, nguoi da day )ai)e, da lam mot chuyen di den chau A.) 2nd
(Giong due) (So it)
- Interrogative Pronoun - Vocative case
(Dai tu nghl vain) - Feminine - Plural 3rd ( H o each) ;
Phdn tich: 1 - Demonstrative Pronoun Gender Number
- Objective case/ |
1 (Dai tu chi dinh) (Giong cai) (So nhieu)
- MR. SMITH : Proper noun, mascuhne gender, singular Accusative case |
' - Reflexive Pronoun - Common (Tan each) <
number, nominative case, subject o f the
(Dai tu phan than) Gender
verb "took". - Dative case
(Giong
-Relative Pronoun (DU each)
chung)
(Dai tu quan he) - Genitive case/
- JANE : Proper noun, feminine gender, singular - Neuter
Possessive case 1
Gender
number, accusative case after the transitive (So huu each) |
(Giong
verb "taught". trung
tinh)
- TRIP : Common noun, neuter gender, singular PARSING M O D E L S O F P R O N O U N S (Mau p h a n tich dai tu)
number, accusative case after the transitive
Vd:
verb "took".
; He himself gives her your book. His is lost.
; (Chinh anh ay cho c6 ta quyen sach ciia ban boi vi quyen ciia anh a'y
-ASIA : Proper noun, neuter gender, singular
; bi mat r6i.)
number, accusative case, object o f the
preposition "to". Pban tich:
- HE : Personal pronoun, common gender, singular number,
3'"'^ person, nominative case, subject o f the verb "gives".
- HIMSELF : Reflexive pronoun, masculine gender, singular number

3'''^ person, nominaUve case, apposition with the pronoun "He".
-HER : Personal pronoun, feminine gender, singular number

3'"'^ person, dative case, indirect object o f the verb "gives".
- HIS : Possessive pronoun, masculine gender singular number
S""*^ person, nominative case, subject o f the verb "is lost".

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 14 - PHAN TICH TU LOAI - 1 7 1
3- A D J E C T I V E (Tinh tir) 4 - A D V E R B (Trang tir)

COMPARISON DEGREES USES A N D FUNCTIONS
KINDS OF ADVERBS
(Loai t r a n g t u ) (Cdip) (Cdch d u n g v d chuc
KINDS OFADIECTIVES DEGREES USES ndng)
(LocJi) {Cap so sdnh) (Cdch d u n g )
• Simple • Possitive Used attributivelv:
• Proper adjectives - Possitive: - Used as an epithet - Of time (thdi gian) (Cap nguyen/ - The verb
(Tinh t i l rieng) Cap nguyen (Duoc diing n h u la
- Of place (noi chdn) nguyen cap) - The adjective
• Descriptive adjectives (bang nhau, nhu mot " t i n h ngU")
- Of manner (trang thai) - The other adverb
(Tinh tir mieu ta) nhau, giong nhau)
• To modify the noun
• Adjectives of Quantity - Of quantily (so luong)
- Comparative: (Bo nghia cho danh
(Tinh t i l so luong) - Of number (so dem) Modyfving:
Cap t u c n g doi tir"...")
• Numeral adjectives
(hon kem nhau - Of affirmation or negation • Comparative - The preposition
(Tinh t i l so dem) • Used predicatively
tuong doi giita (xac dinh hay phu dinh) (Cap tuong doi/ - The conjunction
• Demonstrative adjectives (Duoc d i m g lam bo
2 ngudi/vat va 2 - The sentence
(Tinh tir chi dinh) ngu) so sanh)
don vl) • Conjunctive adverb
• Distributive adjectives
(Tinh t i l phan biet) • As complement of the (Trang tu ket noi)
• Superlative:
verb Used predicatively:
• Interrogative adjectives Cap tuyet doi
( N h u bo ngU cho • Superlative - Complement of the verb
(Tinh tit nghi van) (hon kem nhau • Interrogative adverb
Possessive adjectives mot dong tu) (Cap tuyet doi/
tuyet doi tir 3 (Trang tu nghi van)
(Tinh t i l so hiru) ngudi/vat tro len) ciic cap)
- Of time
- Of place...
• Relative (antecedent) adverb

PARSING MODELS OF ADJECTIVES (Mau phan tich ciia Tinh tu)
(Trang tir quan he)
Vd:
The nicest girl is kind. PARSING MODELS OF ADVERBS (Mau phan tich cua trang tu)
(Co gai xlnh nhat thl tvr te.)
Vd:
Phan ticH: He works more CAREFULLY than she.

-THE : D e m o n s t r a t i v e adjective (or: d e f i n i t e article), (Anh ay lam viec can than han c6 ay.)
q u a l i f y i n g the n o u n " g i r l " .
- NICEST : Descriptive adjective, superlative degree, used as an
Pbdn tich:
epithet, q u a l i f y i n g the n o u n " g i r l " .
- CAREFULLY : S i m p l e adverb o f manner, c o m p a r a t i v e degree, used
-KIND : Descriptive adjective, positive degree, predicative use,
a t t r i b u t i v e l y , m o d i f y i n g the verb " w o r k s " .
c o m p l e m e n t o f the verb " i s " .

172 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 14 PHAN TiCH TU LOAI - 1 7 3
5- FINITE VERB (Dong tu bien vi / gidi han):

6- GERUND (Danh dong tu):
j KINDS OF VERBS PERSONS NUMBER TENSES
I (Loai d o n g t u ) (Ngoi) (So) (Thi)
FORMS VOICES KINDS OF VERBS CASES A N D FUNCTIONS
- Transitive ,st - Singular - Present (hien tai) (TVie) (Loi) (Locti d o n g tU) ( T r u o n g h o p vci chuc n d n g )
2nd (So it) + Perfect

1 (Ngoai/Tha dong tii) - Plural + Continuous Present Active Transitive - Subjective ease:
3rd (Chii dpng) (Ngoai/Tha dpng tii) + Subject o f the verb
- Intransitive (So nhieu) - Past (qua khii)
' (Npi/Ty dpng tir) + Complement o f the verb
+ Perfect Intransitive
- Auxiliary Perfect Passive
+ Continuous - Objective case:
(Tro dpng tii) (Thu dpng) ( N p i / T u dpng tii)
+ Direct object
- Future (tuonp lai) '
+ Prepositional object
+ Perfect ;
+ Continuous
PARSING MODELS O F G E R U N D (Mau phan tich ciia danh

MOODS VOICES mm AGREEMENT d o n g tir)
(Cdch) (Loi) (Suhbahop) \
- Indicative - Active - AGREEING in number and person . Yd: : Playing tennis is a good habit.
(Chi dinh each/True (Chu dpng) with its subjects. 1 (Choi quan wot la mot thoi quen tot.)
thuyet each) - Passive (Hoa hop theo giong va so vdi 1
- Imperative (thu dpng) chii ngCf ciia no.) 1
(Menh lenh each) - L U U Y: ' Phan ticH:
- Conditipnal Nhieu k h i chii t i i "duoc hieu ' - PLAYING : Present g e r u n d , active voice, transitive verb " p l a y " ,
(Dieu kien each) n g a m " ta ciing phai theo quy t^c > subjective case, subject o f the verb " i s " .
- Subjunctive tren.(Tiic la dong tir phai hoa hop 1
theo giong vdi chii ngCt ay.). Tuy 1
(Gia dinh each/
nhien n g i l phap ngay nay c6 the .
Bang thai each
cho phep bo. 1 7- PARTICIPLE OR VERBAL ADJECTIVE (Phan tu):
PARSING MODELS OF FINITE VERBS (Mau phan tich dpng tu
FORMS VOICES KINDS OF VERBS USES A N D FUNCTIONS
bien vj) (The) (Loi) (Loai d p n g tu) (Cdch d u n g va cbuc n d n g )
Yd: : He was elected President of France. ; Present Active Transitve - Used as:
j (Ong ta dac cii Tong thong nuoc Phap.) j (Chu dpng) (Ngoai dpng tit) + An epithet:
To qualify the noun or
pronoun.
Phan ti'cti: Perfect Passive

(Thy dpng)
Intransitive
(Npi dpng til)
+ Predicative use:
- WAS ELECTED : Transitive verb, 3'"'' person, singular number, past
Complement of the verb...
tense, indicative m o o d , passive voice, agreeing in
n u m b e r and person w i t h its subject " h e " .
174 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com CHUONG 14 - PHAN TICH TU LOAI - 1 7 5
PARSING M O D E L S O F PARTICIPLE ( M a u p h a n t i c h p h a n t i r ) PASSING MODELS OF INFINITIVE ( M a u p h a n Uch cua nguyen the)
Vd 1: Vd 1:
• She is t i r e d after the l u n c h . ( C o ay h i m e t sau b u a c a m trua.) • ; To Study is g o o d . ( H o c la t o t . )
Phdn tich: Phan tich:

- TIRED : - Past participle, passive voice, transitive verb "tire". - T O STUDY : Simple infinitive form used as a noun, subject o f
- Used predicativeiy as complement of the verb "is".
the verb "is".
Vd2: Vd2:
] We i n t e n d e d t o have seen her before the meeting.

; I t is a n i n t e r e s t i n g story. ( D o la m o t cau c h u y e n hay.) •
; ( C h i i n g t o i da c6 y d i n h gap c6 ay trudc b u o i h o p . )
Phan tich: Phan t i c h :

- INTERESTING : - Present participle, active voice, transitive verb "interest"
- T O HAVE - Perfect infinitive form.
- Used as an epithet, qualifying the noun "story"
- Object of the verb "intend"
8- I N F I N I T I V E O R N O N - F I N I T E V E R B
(Dong tu nguyen the / Dong tu khong bien vi):
1 FORMS O F THE INFINITIVE USES AND FUNCTIONS

(Hinh thuc cua dpng t u nguyen the) {Cdch dung vd chuc ndng)
U S E D AS:
+ Subject of the verb

' SIMPLE + Object of the verb
- A noun:
+ Complement of the verb
+ Object of the preposition
PERFECT - An adjective:
+ Qualifying the noun.
- An adverb:
+ Qualifying tfie verb.
+ Qualifying the adjective.

DAU NHAN AM/

DAU TRONG AM
ACCENT MARK/
STRESS MARK
PHg L g c
APPENDIX

1 7 8 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 1 - DAU N H A N A M / DAU T R Q N G A M 1 7 9
N H A N VAO VAN T H U 1 N H A N LIEN TRUOC 1V A N
• Ta nhan van t h u 1 vai nhung tu c6 2 van: • Ta nhan manh lien truac no 1 van vai nhung tu:
Vd: - Co dang CIV: C: consonant: Phu am

I : chu " I "
'beauty /'bjuiti/, to 'gpen /'aupan/, 'major /meidjaCr)/
V: vowel : Nguyen am
Trir: Vd: re'LIgious , pe'RUvian
- 1 so dong tu: to re'tire /ri'tai3(r)/; to t r a n s ^ e / traens'leit/
CIV
to re'fer /ri'fa:/ ; t o ^ r e f e /pri'fs:/ rem
Tru: be'lief, be'iieve, re'lief,
- 1 so giai t u va t u bat dau bang tiep dau ngu/tien to (prefixes) "A"
re'lieve, de'nial, de'flance
a'bout/a'baut/ ; be'fore/bi'fb:(r)/
I: chu I
ashamed /a'jeimd/; a^fraid /a'freid/ - Co dang ICVC: C: consonant
• Ta nhan van t h u I vai nhung t u 3 van: V: vowel
C: consonant
Vd: 'comfortable /'kAmfatabI/
'continent /'kontinant/ Tiic tan
ITANT ICANT ICENT ICISM ITUDE
cung CO
Vi du: in'habitant 'applicant mag'nificent fa'naticism 'multitude
• Ta nhan manh lien truac no 1 van vai nhung t u c6 tan cung la-
Vol nhung tu 3 van, nhung duac ghep bai tiep dau ngu (Prefix)
hay tiep vi ngu (Suffix) thl van giu dau nhan cu. ETY : so'ciety
Vd:
ITC : elec'tricity
- 'beauty khi them tiep v i ngii: 'Beautiful.
IC : sym'bolic. I r u : a'rithmetics, 'politic, 'catholic, 'lunatic
- 'pleasant k h i them tiep dau ngu: un'pleasant.
ICAL : po'litical
ICS : mathe'matics, eco'nomics. Tru: 'politics, a'rithmetics

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 1 - DAU N H A N A M / DAU TRONG A M 181
gîm^mOp NHAN VAO VAN T H U 3 NHAN VAO V A N T H l J 1 (Neu la Noun hay Adjective)!
N h a n m a n h vao van t h u 3 ti'nh nguac t u d u a l len tren v a i n h u n g NHAN VAO V A N T H U 2 (Neu la Verb)
t i e n g tan cung: r - . w - V a i n h u n g t i t 2 v a n g o m : N o u n , Adjective, Verb c6 c i m g nghia

OUSI V d : 'dangerous, mi'raculous.
3 2
Tnx: e'normous. hoac khac nghia.
3
^ J
• N h a n m a n h van t h i i 1 k h i n o la N o u n hay Adjective.
Vd: hv'pocrisy, as'trologv, phi'losophy,
' 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 • N h a n m a n h van t h i i 2 k h i n o la Verb.
/t I I ^ 1
TsH V d : hy'pothesis, a'nalysis, me'tropoHs,
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 N O U N hay ' p e r m i t , 'present , 'refuse , 'object , 'record,...
^ 4i I
ADJECTIVE
VERB t o p e r ' m i t , t o pre'sent, t o re'fuse, t o ob'ject,

to re'cord, ...
V a i n h u n g t i t tren, m a b i e n t h e t a n cting b a n g ER, 1ST t h i van
gitr dau n h a n m a n h cQ.
LUU Y:
V d : as'trologer, as'trologist, ge'ometer, ge'ometrist.
1. Them nhung tiep dau ngU/tien to (prefix) va tiep vi ngU/hau to (suffix):
a/ Them tien to: (truoc danh tit va tinh tir de tao phan nghia)
mmmgggp NHAN LIEN TREN N O UN- , I N - , I M - , IL- , IR- , DIS- , A- ... (tru asleep: dang ngu)
b/ Them hau to: N + LY/ FUL/ EN/ LESS/ ABLE/ AL/ AN/ IAN / IC/
N h a n m a n h h e n tren n o v a i nhCrng t i t tan c i i n g bang:
ISH/ SOME/ LIKE/ ED (talented, gifted)
'ADE lemo'nade, cas'cade ( t r i i : 'decade) -I- unhappy, inattentive, impossible, illegal, irregular, disagreeable ...
-I- rainy, friendly, beautiful, wooden, careless, hono(u)rable, continental,
"AIN re'tain, ex'plain
republican, Shakespearian, atomic, childish, troublesome, moonless,
'AIRE milho'naire, question'naire homeless...
'EE pay'ee, employ'ee (trtr: 'coffee)
-> Khong lam thay doi dau nhain manh.
'EEN fifteen, can'teen
Vd: 'happy, un'happy, 'happiness.
'EER engi'neer, volun'teer
japa'nese 2. Khi CO nhieu quy tac ciing a trong mot tir, quy t3c 6 cuoi ttf la quy tdc
'ESE chi'nese,
CO gia tri (tuc quy tac ta diing).
•ESQUE pictu'resque, gro'tesque
mario'nette ( t r i i : 'etiquette) , Vd: natio'nality Tuc la: natio'nality
'ETTE ciga'rette,
'IQUE an'tique, tech'nique
CIV ITY
GO ta'too, ta'boo (trit: ' i g l o o ) .
quy tac I quy tac 2 (ta dung)
'CON bal'loon, sa'loon
•SELF & 'SELVES him'self, them'selves J

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com A P P E N D I X 2 - C A U D I E U K|£N 183
CAU D I E U K I E N (Conditional Sentences)

- Duoc diing de dien ta mot sir viec c6 D I E U K I E N K E M T H E O SAU.
- Dieu kien each thuong duoc bat dau bang chut " I F " (neu) trong tieng Anh.
"IF - CLAUSE" voi 3 truang hop cau noi c6 dieu ki?n sau:
Dieu kien 1 (hay Dîng 1 - Type 1)

Present or Future (REAL C O N D I T I O N )
CAU DIEU KIEN (Dieu kien cau noi c6 the thuc hien 6 hien tai va tuong lai.)
(CONDITIONAL Vd: - I Neu I hoc cham chi, toi c6 the se dau.

- Neu I toi khong giu siic khoe, toi se benh.
SENTENCES)
Dieu kien 2 (hay Dang 2 - Type 2)
IF - C L A U S E Present (UNREAL C O N D I T I O N )
(Dieu kien hien tai (NGAY B A Y GiO) khong the thuc hien.)
Vd: - iNeu I toi la c h i m (bay gici), t o i se bay.
NeuJ toi la anh ay (bay gio), toi se cho c6 ta 1 ty dong.
- Neu I toi song 6 London (bay gid), toi se rat buon.
Dieu kien 3 (hay Dang 3 - Type 3)

Past (UNREAL C O N D I T I O N )
(Dieu kien da khong thuc hien duoc 6 Q U A KHU.)
Vd: - |Ne"u | toi 6 Paris (hom qua), toi da gap anh roi.
[Rat tiec la hom qua toi khong d do (Paris).]
Neu I CO ay giau (nam ngoai), c6 ay da cho toi 1 chiec xe.
[Rat tiec la nam ngoai c6 ay khong giau nen toi khong
CO duoc xe.]

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 2 - CAU D l f U KlEN -185
Cong thuc cho dieu kien 1: Cong thtrc cho dieu kien 3:
Dieu kien thyc hi?n dup'c 6 hien tai va tuong lai Dieu kien khong thuc hien dugc 6 qua khu
will Past would have

Present. \Perfect/
IF + S + + O, S+ can
may
. \'V.(o) I F + S + \ + 0,S +
could have
might have
A V ED
(o)
C?I3
must (had to have)
Vd: , „ ., ^
Vd: - If I study well, I w i l l pass m y exam.
If I had been in Paris (yesterday), I could have met you.
(Neu t o i hoc cham, toi se dau kythi.)
(would) (3)
|Neu toi da 6 Paris (hom qua), toi c6 the da gap anh roi.]
- If she is happy, she w i l l help y o u .
( N e u chi ta vui, chi ta se giiip ban) - I f she had been rich (last year), she w o u l d have given me a car.
(could )
(might)
• Cong thuc cho dieu kien 2:
[Neu CO ta da giau (nam ngoai), c6 ta rat c6 the da cho toi mot chiec xe roi.]
(CO the da)
Dieu kien khong thuc hien duac a hien tai (bay gia) (CO le da)
would Nhan xet: .' • / • ••

Past
IF + S + \ +0, S+
could
.x-'°A(o) 1 / Trong ba cong thirc tren, ta thay dong t u a cong thiic sau tang hon
might
cong thtrc trudc 1 th'i (Double one tense) :
(had to)
(TO BE: Diing "WERE" clio moi ngoi)
Cong thiic 1: IF+S + + (0)
Vd: - I f 1 were a b i r d , I would fly i n the sky. [Ting 1 thj>
[Neu toi la chim (bay gio), toi se bay len bau troi.]
Cong thiic 2: IF+S + + {0)
-If I were you, I could give her USD 1,000,000. |(had to) I
[Neu toi la anh (bay gid), toi se CO the cho c6 ay 1.000.000 do-la.] JTang 1 thi ^ JTSng fthi>
Past would have
- If he lived in London, he would be happy. Perfect, could have
Cong thiic 3: IF+S + -HO, S-l- + (0)
night have
[Neu anh ay a London (bay gio), anh ay se hanhphiic]
had to haveT

186 ^ MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
2/ Cong thuc 2: Neu dong tu la "TO BE" thi diing "WERE" cho moi ngoi.
3/ Neu ta viet: If I were a bird, I would fly (now).

IJ
AppMcIi^ 3
Ta CO the viet dao nguoc |WERE 11 a bird, I would fly (now).

(Dijng can tnic nay trong van hoc.)
> D A N G D A C BIET:
Khi dien dat sir kien ciia hai m e n h de la sir that hay l u o n dijng.
- I f I D O N O T U N D E R S T A N D w h a t m y teacher explains, I always

ASK h i m .
(Bat c i i k h i nao t o i k h o n g h i e u d i e u thay giang day, t o i l u o n h o i UNG DUNG DAC BIET

o n g ay.)
cuA D6NG Ti;
I f she CALLED, he C A M E at once.
(Bat c i i k h i nao nang goi, chang den ngay.)
CAU TRA LOl NGAN
SHORT RESPONSES
I f y o u M I X y e l l o w a n d blue, y o u GET green.
( K h i nao ban trpn m a u vang va m a u xanh duong, ban c6 m a u
xanh la.)

1 8 8 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com
APPENDIX 3 - U N G D U N G D A C BIET C U A D O N G T U - C A U TRA LOI N G A N -189
1. C A U T R A LOI N G A N (Short Responses) : Phan A: xac dinh (Affirmative form), Phan B dijng SO hoac TOO:;
1.1 Dinh nghia: La loai cau noi ngan gon lap lai cau noi truoc, ta
,, Ta mugn lai \ ^
chi dting cac nhom tu "cung vay", "cung the". fdong t u T o b e d j--Qrobe^ -> lane is a girl, and so am I. (Toi cung vay.)
1.2 Vi du: \n B y ( + ) hoac: I am, too.
Phan A D<)ng til

Phan B / Ta muon X kliifm
lai dong t i l y khuyet We can walk, and so can he.(Anh aiy cung vay.)
-I am a boy. and so is he. khiem khuyet j can, may, (+) hoac; he can, too.
ophanB , / must,
hoac: he is, too. shall, will
Toi la mot cau be, va anh ay cung the.)
/ Ta muon t r 0 \— •Paul goes home, and so do they.(Ho cOng vay.)
- He ^s] NOT a boy, and neither am I. 'dong tu Do, Doesi--/DOng tirî (+ ) hoac: they do, too.
hoac: I am not, either. \ D i d , 0 phan B,/ Vthucingy
•She went home last week, and so did they.
(No khong la thang be, va toi cting the.
(+) hoac: they did, too.
1.3 Cong thiic:

Phan A: phii dinh (Negative fomi), phan B diing NEITHER hoac EITHER: i
* Phan A xac dinh => Phan B: So + V + subject
(+) hoac: S +V+, TOO {^TobeJ ^ Jane isn't a girl, and neither am 1. (Toi cung v4y.)
— (-) hoac: I am not either.
(not) fDpngtii
* Phan A phii dinh => Phan B: • khiem
N] E I T H E R + V + Subject
(-) khuyet ^ We can't walk, and neither can he. (Anh ay cung vay.)
hoac: S + V + NOT+ EITHER Can, May, (-) hoac: he can not cither.
Must,
Shall, Will
• Tom tat:
r*-Paul doesn't go home, and neither do they. (Hg cung vay.)
(Xac dinh) hoac: they do not either.
Dong lis
(+ )
thudng
Phan A , and Phan B so / too
•Paul didn't go home last week, and neither did they.
(Phu dinh) neither/either hoac: they did not either.
(-)

2. N H A N X E T C H U N G ( G e n e r a l r e m a r k s )
1/ T o m tat guy tac tren:
• Cau xac dinh: - SO + Verb + Subject

- Subject + V e r b + , T O O
• Cau p h u d i n h : - NEITHER + Verb + Subject
- Subject + Verb + N O T EITHER
• C a c h n h a giira E I T H E R va N E I T H E R :
Ta thay NEITHER ^ EITHER. [^ÊITHER da c6 t u " N O T " r o i , vay

d i r n g t h e m N O T k h i d u n g v a i NEITHER.
V d : - Bill US N O T | a student.
Ta d u n g : NEITHER [ A M ] I (Le ra NEITHER! A M

Hay: I I A M N O T I EITHER.
Wll)
CAUHOlDUOl
(TAG QUESTIONS)
2/ N e n I m i y:
Defective verbs gom: CAN, M/^, MUST ( O U G H T TO), SHALL, WILL
Vd: - B i l l I W I L L I go t o school, SO [SHALL | I (diing)

hay, I [SHALL I, t o o (diing)
3 / D o n g tu ben "CAu T H U O N G " va ben " C U N G V A Y " deu theo

guy tac sau:
Neu ben " C A U T H U O N G ": Thi ben " C U N G V A Y "
- La dong t i l TO BE, TO HAVE - Cung phai la TO BE, TO HAVE
- La dong t u khiem khuyet - Cung phai la dpng t u khiem
CAN, MAY, MUST... khuyet CAN, MAY MUST ...
- La dong t u thuong (Ordinary -Thi phai muon DO, DOES, DID
verbs) TO GO, TO WRITE va tCiy theo ngoi va thi.
doi khi ca 'To have".

192 ^ M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 4 - CAU HOI DUOl 193
1- D I N H N G H i A : 3- SU KHAC NHAU GIUA CAU H O I THUONG
La l o a i c a u h o i m a n g u a i h o i b a t b u o c n g u a i t r a l a i p h a i t o r o t h a i
VA CAU H O I D U O I
d o ("YES" h a y " N O " ) .
Tag questions c o n c6 n h i e u . ten n h u : Tag endings, Attached H o i : D O y o u g o t o school today?

( A n h d i hoc horn nay phai k h o n g ? )
q u e s t i o n , Q u e s t i o n tags, d i s j u n c t i v e q u e s t i o n s , . . .
C a u tra 161: c6 the tiiy y t r a Icfi
(Yes hay N o )
2- D A C D I E M C A U H O I D U O I
- Yes, 1 d o . (Vang t o i d i . )
Cau hoi thuong
• Loai cau h o i n a y d u o c chia t h a n h 2 p h a n ( p h a n A va p h a n B) v a Hoac:
- N o , 1 don't. ( K h o n g , t o i k h o n g di.) (Questions)
duQfc n g a n e a c h b a i d a u , v a d a u ?
• Len g i o n g : K h i k h o n g b i e t v a c a n t h o n g t i n .
• X u o n g g i o n g : K h i da biet va m u o n khang d i n h lai t h o n g t i n .
[ Phdn A ....(+} , Phan B ... (•) 7 1

(-) (+ )
C a u h o i duoi
Vd:
(Tag Questions)
-He is I tallQ M \ he
(+) (-)
( A n h ay thl cao. CO p h a i vay k h o n g ? )
(+)
[Phai tra l o i "YES" v i p h a n A 6 xac d i n h ( + ) ]
H o i : You [go] t o school today,] D O N ' T
-I Yes I , he is. {Vang, a n h ay cao.)
( H o r n nay a n h d i hoc, c6 phai k h o n g ? )
C a u tra l a i : phai la "yes": [Yes, 1 D O . ]

Vd:
- You larel n o t a g o o d student n i |are I you (-) , (±1
(-) TY H o i : You [ D O N ' T | g o t o school today, [ D O you ?
(Ban k h o n g p h a i la s i n h v i e n g i o i , p h a i vay k h o n g ? )
(Horn nay anh khong di hoc dung khong?)
[ P h a i t r a l o i " N O " v i p h a n A 6 p h i i d i n h (-)]
C a u tra loi: phai la " N o " : [ N o , I D O N ' T J
-INOI , I a m not. (Khong, t o i khong phai.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 4 - CAU H(il DUOl - 1 9 5
5- C A C H D A T C A U H O I D U O I VA T R A L O I "YES"
B A N G T O M T A T V E T A G Q U E S T I O N S (so i)
Phan B
/Tra lai^
TAG
PhanA(+) QUESTIONS
4- C A C H T H U C C H U N G T R A L O I C A U H O I D U O I XAC DINH (+) PHU DINH (-)
(Affirmative form) (Negative form) ?
Ben nguai hoi i Ben nguai tra lai noi, dpc len giong
Vd:
Mr. John is good. isn't
wasn't he?
(+) (?) (-) v^âs
(Xac dinh) (Nghi van / Phii dinh) Tra I6i: Yes, he is.
Yes,
Yes, he was. noi, dpc len gipng
Phan A Phan B
have haven't
You had got 2 books hadn't you?
Vd: Mr. Peter IS a good doctor,] ISN'T| he? Yes, he is.
Tra lai: Yes, I have.
(-) (?) (+) Yes, I had. noi, dpc len gipng
(Nghi van / Xac dinh)
(Phu dinh) ? No, can play the piano can t
You you?
Phan B could couldn't
Phan A Tra lai: Yes, I can.
Vd: Mr. Peter | ISN'T | a good doctor,[lSj he? No, he isn't. Yes, I could. noi, dpc len gipng
Tom tat: play don't

You played the piano didn't" you?
. Phan A(+) ^ "YES"
Tra lai: Yes, I do.
.PhanA(-) "NO" Yes, I did.
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 4 - CAU HOI DUOI -197
6- C A C H D A T C A U H O I D U O I V A T R A L O I " N O " 7- M O T S O T R U O N G H O P D A C B I E T V E
CAU HOI DUOI
B A N G T O M T A T V E T A G Q U E S T I O N S (so 2)
C o m o t so t r u a n g h o p d a c biet c a n l u u y k h i dat c a u h o i T a g
Phan B question:
rra l a p
Truang hop 1: Vd:
NO TAG
QUESTIONS I a m / aren't I ? - 1 a m older t h a n y o u , [aren't | I ?
Phan A ( + )
- 1 a m n o t older t h a n y o u , |am| I ?
P H U D I N H (-) XAC D I N H ( + )
(Negative f o r m ) / (Affirmative f o r m ) ?
Vd:
noi, doc len gipng
Vd: T r u a n g h o p 2: You have been i n Paris for o n e m o n t h ,
isn't IS haven't you?

Mr, John a boy he? has/have/hasn't/haven't ?
wasn't was - She hasn't m o v e d t o t h e market,
I has I she ?
Tra l o i : N o , he isn't
N o , he wasn't noi, doc Icn gipng
Vd:
T r u a n g h a p 3:
haven't have
You got 2 books you? , I , , - T o m m y has t w o cats.ldoesn't I he?
hadn't had has/have/ doesn t/ ? •— , —, ,
don't - She has t o go t o t h e zao,ldoesn t Ishe?
Tra l o i : N o , I haven't
No, i h a d n ' t noi, doc len giong Vd:
can t can T r u a n g h o p 4: - Please let m e k n o w , [ w i l l you?

You play the p i a n o you?
couldn't could ( C a u sai k h i e n ) / will you? w o n ' t you?
Tra l o i : N o , I can't
w o n ' t you? - D o n ' t go out, [ w i l l you?
No, I couldn't noi, doc len giong
w o n ' t you?
d o n ' t play do
You the p i a n o you? Vd:
d i d n ' t play did
T r u a n g h o p 5:
- Let's sing a song, [shall we?
Tra l o i : N o , I d o n ' t Let's/shall we?
- Let's o p e n t h e door, [shall we?
No, I didn't

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 5 - PHEP S O S A N H CUA TiNH TU VA TRANG TU - 201
COMPARISION
Co 3 cap so sanh chinh:
Vd:
1. Positive Degree - She is nice.

PHEPSOSANH (Nguyen cap)
La cau noi thucing

(Chi ay xinh dep.)
- They run fast.
CUA TINH TU khong CO so sanh
(Chiing no chay nhanh.)
VATRANGTir - He is tall and thin

(Anh ay cao va gay.)
THE COMPARISION -1 am taller than you.

OF ADIECTIVES 2. Comparative
Compar Degree
(Toi cao han anh.)
- She is less old than I .
;
(Ty giao cdp)
AND ADVERBS La cau noi trong do c6 (Co ay kem gia han toi.)
tu "HON', "KEM" hoac - Mr. lohn runs faster than Tom.
"BANG" (Ong John chay nhanh hon Tom.)
- Mary is as beautiful as Jane. =
(Mary dep nhu Jane.)
- Mr. Brown is the oldest.

3.Superlative Degree
( C y c cap) (Ong Brown t h i gia nhat.)
La cau noi trong do c6
- She is the most beautiful giri in the class.
chu " H O N NHAT", (Co ta la CO gai dep nhat lap.)
k "KEM NHAT" - He is the least young boy i n the family.
(Han la diia be kem tie nhat trong nha.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 5 - PHEP SO SANH CLIA TINH TU VA TRANG TU - 203
Q Positive Degree (Nguyen cap tiic la cap k h o n g so sanh) b. So sanh bac kem fThe Comparative Degree o f l n f e r i o r i t v )
Vd: - He works hard. - She is nice. Cong thiic 1:
Q x h e Comparative Degree (Ty giao cap tuc la cap c6 so sanh)
Co 3 cap so sanh: bang, kem va hom.
+ AS
a. So sanh bac bang (The Comparative Degree o f Equality)
Cons thtic:
Vd: khong ... bang (nhu)
- 1 am AS TALL AS you. [adj]
AS + + AS (Toi t h l cao bang anh.) / Never SC s , ,,
Vd: - Bill is ( s Q J YOUNG AS Peter, [adj]
- I walk AS FAST AS Peter, [adv]
(Toi di bo nhanh n h u Peter.)
(Bill khong (kem) tre nhu Peter.)
- She is AS BEAUTIFUL AS Mary, [adj]
/-iiever works s o ^ ,TAr.T-. AC T r ^ i
(Co ta dep n h u Mary.) - He { ) HARD AS Tom. [adv]
Vdoesn't work soy
I N O T AS A S (khong ... n h i f ) (Anh ay lam viec khong cham chi nhu Tom.) .. ^
- He is not as young as Jack.
N O T SO A S (khong ... n h u ) Cong thiic 2:

- They are not so good as John. ADJ.
AS M A N Y A S (nhieu ... nhii) [danh tU dem diioc] Less + ADV. + THAN
-1 have as many shirts as Jane. (long + short)
N O T S O M A N Y . . . . . A S (khong nhieu ... nhu)
- Bill has not so many books as we.

kem ... hon
AS M U C H A S (nhieu ... nhu) [danh tti khong dem dUcjc]
- We have as m u c h money as Tom.
N O T SO M U C H AS A S (khong nhHu ... M n g )
- They don't have so much water as we. Vd: -Hudson is less OLD than Tom. [adj]
(adj)
T H E S A M E + N O U N + A S (giong ... nhU)
- H e has the same car as she. (Hudson t h i kem gia hon Tom.)
S I M I L A R T O + N O U N / P R O N O U N (giong .... nhU)
-We are less INTELLIGENT than Tom. [adj]
- His car is similar to yours. (adj)
AS + CLAUSE (khi...)
(Chiingtoi kem thong minh hon Tom.)
- A s he comes in, she is very happy.
LIKE + N O U N / P R O N O U N ( N h u ...) - They work Less DILIGENTLY than you. [adv]
- Like you, I like h i m . (adv)
Download Ebook Tai: (Hp lam viec kem

https://downloadsachmienphi.com can cu hon anh.)
2 0 4 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 5 - PHEP SO SANH CUA TlNH TU VA TRANG TU - 2 0 5
c. So sanh bac h o n (The Comparative Degree o f Superiority) |The Superlative Degree (Cue cap tiic la cap so sanh cao nhat)
Com thiic 1: Doi vol tinh t u va trang t u ngan , Co 2 bac so sanh: b a n nhat va kem nhat
a. So sanh bac h o n nhat (The Superlative Degree o f Superiority)
ADJ. a l . Vai tinh t i l ngan (short adjective) f y<^y •• , .jj?

ADV. + ERTHAN
Cong thiic:
(short)
•Vd:
han THE +
ADJ. I + EST ^ - Peter is the oldest brother.
(short)
Vd: U (Peter la nguai anh gia nhat.)
-1 am colder than you. [adj]
al. Vai tinh tir dai (long adjective)
(Toi thi lanh han anh.)
Cong thiic:
- He runs faster than you. [adv|
(Anh ay chay nhanh han anh.) "Vd:
- She Is nicer than I (am). [adj| THE MOST + ADJ. - It is the most beautiful hotel in France.
(Co ayxinh dep han toi.)
(long) ^ (No la khach san dep nhat a Phap.)
Com thiic 2: D o i vai tinh tir va trang t u dai

Doi vai "ADVERB" thl t a b o "THE"
y- \: - She works MOST carefully i n this family.

ADJ. (Co ay lam viec can than nhat trong gia d m h nay.)
ADV. + THAN
b. So sanh bac kem nhat (The Superlative Degree o f Inferiority)

han
Com thiic:
Vd:
Vd:
(long + short)
- He is the least big boy in his family.
- Peter is MORE careful THAN Tom, [adj] (Anh ay la cau be kem to nhat trong gia dinh.)
THE LEAST+ ^PJ- ^
(Peter can than han Tom.) ADV. - They speak the least aloud i n the class.
- Tom works MORE diligendvTHAN Peter, [adv] (Chiing noi kem Ian tieng nhat lap.)
(Tom lam vi?c can cti han Peter.)

"DONG HO MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR"

(Gicin do de de nha phep so sdnh)
to MORE• long
HmtMM: (the) M O S T ^ ADJ

Umi
short • E R (than)
H(/n nh&t: (the)^ ADJ • EST
SOSANHKEP
/ long + Short \
DOUBLE COMPARISON
«(ADJ^
A^.LESS^ long + short •(than)
Kern nh&t: (the) LEAST•

ADJ

208 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR A P P E N D I X 6 - S O S A N H KEP - 209
1." CANG NGAY CANG. ..", "MOI L U C M O I . . . (HON) "
]
SO SANH KEP 1.1 D d i v o i t i n h t u ngan: 1 van
(Double comparison)
r Short Short I
I Cong thuc: ADJ. + ER and ADJ. + ER i
I I
Lam the nao de dich cac each so sanh kep nay? Vd:
- The weather is nicer and nicer

(Thai tiet cang ngay cang dep.)
- It is hotter and hotter
cang ngay cang ... (Troi cang ngay cang nong.)
- The baby gets warmer and warmer.
[Diia be (tro nen) m o i liic m o i am (hon).]
"moi liic m o i ... ( h a n ) " 1.2 D o i v a i ti'nh t u dai: t u 2 van t r a len
I I
' Cong thuc: more and more + long ADJ. i
Vd:
- He becomes more and more cautionary.

cang ngay cang i t '
[Anh ay (trd nen) m o i liic m o i than trpng (hon).]
- She is more and more intelligent.
[Co ay cang ngay cang thong minh.)
- They get more and more patient.
[Chiing no tro nen m o i liic mot kien nhan (hon).]
; cang ... cang
\g . . . , t h i cang ... h o n "

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 6 - SO SANH KEP - 2 1 1
2. " C A N G N G A Y C A N G I T . . . " ; " C A N G N G A Y 3.2 Doi ygi tinh tu dai:
CANG K E M ..."
- Doi voi tinh tu ngan va tinh tu dai:
I Cong thuc: The more +ADJ. + ^ " " z the more + ADJ. ^
I Cong thuc: Less and less + ADJ. \

Vd:
„._N__ '
Vd: - The more attractive she gets, the more jealous her boyfriend is.
- He is less and less angry. (Co ay cang hap dan t h i ban trai c6 ay cang ghen tuong).
(Ong ay cang ngay cang ft gian du.) - The more studious the students are, the more famous the class is.)
- Tom is less and less studious. (Hoc sinh cang cham chi t h i lop cang noi tieng.)
(Tom cang ngay cang it cham chi.)
- She is less and less fat.
(Ba ta cang ngay cang it beo.)
3.2 Doi vm dong tu:
3. " C A N G . . . C A N G . . . "
" C A N G . . . , T H i C A N G . . . HON " :
Cong thuc: The more + \ / , the more
Doi v0i tinh tu ngan va tinh tu dai:
Vd:
I Cong thuc: The ADJ.+ER^wfthe ADJ. + ER^^^^^ - The more I study English, the more I like it.
(Toi cang hoc Anh van, toi cang thich (no).)
Vd: - The more they hide me, the more I try to find them.
- The richer he gets, the weaker he is.
(Chiing no cang tron toi, toi cang c6 t i m cho ra.)
(Ong ay cang giau thl cang yeu hon.)
- The more I know him, the more I like h i m .
- The poorer he becomes, the better he is.
- (Toi cang biet anh ta, toi cang thich anh ta.)
(Han cang ngheo t h i cang tot han.)
- The higher up, the greater (the) fall.
(Treo cao nga dau.)
- The sooner this is done, the better.
(Lam cang som cang hay.)

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com A P P E N D I X 7 - CAU N O I TRUC TlgP VA CAU N O I G I A N TIEP - 213
) Cau n o i true tiep va cau n o i gian t i e p la g'l?

a/ Cau noi true tiep (Direct Speech/D.S.)
La cau n o i nhac lai n g u y e n v a n ciia n g u o i n o i ( t h u o n g 6 t r o n g ngoac
k e p ) va c h u y p h e p c h a m cau ( p u n c t u a t i o n ) 6 t i e n g Viet.
V d : - He said: " I a m a g o o d d o c t o r . " ( O n g ay n o i : " T o i la bac si g i o i . " )
b / Cau noi gian tiep ( I n d i r e c t Speech/I.S. hay Reported Speech)
La cau n o i t h u a t lai d i i n g y ciia n g u o i n o i d u o i m o t d a n g khac.
V d : - He said that he was a g o o d doctor.
( O n g ay n o i rang o n g ay la bac si g i o i . )
CAU NOI TRUC TIEP

VA CAU NOI GIAN TIEP T r o n g d o i t h u o n g , n g u o i ta hay trich d a n de t u o n g thuat lai m o t cau n o i
ciia n g u o i khac de giai t h i c h hay n o i lai. D i e u d o c6 nghia la n g u o i hoc p h a i
biet each D P I C A U N O I T R I I C T I E P (D.S.) RA C A l l N O I G I A N TIEP (I.S).
DIRECT SPEECH
AND INDIRECT SPEECH ' Vai vi" d u t r i c h d a n de x e m each d o i :
Vd 1:
(OR REPORTED SPEECH) D.S. : [Hej says |: ^ a m sick." ( O n g ay n o i : " T o i b i b e n h . " )
I.S. : [He| says t h a t [he] is sick. ( O n g ay n o i rang o n g ay b i b e n h . )

V d 2:
D.S. : She says: "The airplane w i l l arrive here s o o n . "
( C o ta n o i : " M a y bay se d e n day s o m . " )
I.S. : She says that the a i r p l a n e w i l l arrive there s o o n .
( C o t a n o i r a n g m a y b a y se d e n d o s a m . )
V d 3: L u u y k h i d t i n g t u " S A I D " e h i i k h o n g p h a i "say" t h i :
D.S.:[He||said|: "|T] am (a)Vietnamese."(Ongayn6i:'T6iIangu6iVietNam."
I.S.: [He| IsaidI that [he] WAS (a) Vietnamese.

( O n g ay n o i rang o n g ay la n g u o i Viet N a m . )

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 7 - CAU N O I TRUC TieP VA CAU NOl GlAN TlEP 215
214 M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
N h a n xet ve s u k h a c n h a u g i u a h a i each d i e n d a t t r e n :
a/ Bo h a i c h a m hay d a u phay, b o ngoac kep hay ngoac d o n . D o i n g o i ciia I Ngoai ra, con can nho mot quy tac khac: Tat ca nhung tit chi gan
d a i t u va t i n h t u so h u u . D o i m o t so d a i tir, t i n h ttr c h i d i n h va t r a n g tir. duoc doi thanh nhung tit chi xa trong cau noi tir tryc tiep doi sang
b/ V i d u 1 va 2, t r o n g cau n o i " D i r e a Speech" neu d o n g t u g i d i t h i e u gian tiep:
( I n t r o d u r t o r y verb) la SAY ( 6 h i e n tai) t h i d p n g ttr b e n cau n o i "Indirect Vd:
Speech" k h o n g thay d o i t h i (van 6 h i e n tai va t u o n g lai).
c/ N g u p c l a i o v i d u 3, n e u d o n g tir g i o i t h i e u la S A I D ( q u a k h i i ) t h i d o n g
Cau noi tryc tiep doi thanh Cau noi gian tiep
(Direct Speech) *' (Indirect Speech)
ttr b e n cau n o i " I n d i r e c t Speech" p h a i t h a y d o i t h i . Ta p h a i T A N G L E N 1
T H I ( D o u b l e o n e tense). Here . •.There
d/ N g o a i ra, ta c o n t h a y "here" d o i t h a n h " t h e r e " ( 6 v i d u 2 ) .
Now . •.Then
This . •.That
P V i vav, ta can n h o q u y l u a t t a n g l e n 1 t h i ( D o u b l e o n e tensel sau day:
Cau noi tmc tiep a thi (Tang len |Cau noi gian tiep doi la These - ••Those
(Direct Speech) 1 thi) ; (Indirect Speech)

Today. • . T h a t day, yesterday
Vd:
Yesterday - ••The day before, the p r e v i o u s day
( 1 ) S i m p l e present (Tense) I S i m p l e past (Tense)
(go) I (went) Tomorrow ••-The next day, the f o l l o w i n g day
( 2 ) Present c o n t i n u o u s I Past c o n t i n u o u s
Tomorrow night • . T h e next n i g h t , the f o l l o w i n g n i g h t
(is g o i n g ) I (was g o i n g )
( 3 ) S i m p l e past Last week/month/year . • . T h e p r e v i o u s week/month/year
(v^ênt) I Past perfect '
N e x t week/month/year .•.The f o l l o w i n g week/month/year
( 4 ) Present perfect ! (had gone)
(has g o n e ) •.That night
Tonight
(5) Past c o n t i n u o u s I Past perfect c o n U n u o u s
(was g o i n g ) i ( h a d been g o i n g ) A year ago ^ A year before, the p r e v i o u s year
(6) Simple future I Simple condiUonal

T h e day before yesterday •>-Two days before
(shall/will go) I (should/would go)
( 7 ) Future perfect The day after t o m o r r o w - I n 2 days / I n 2 days' t i m e
( s h a l l / w i l l have g o n e ) I C o n d i t i o n a l perfect
Tonight •••That n i g h t
(8) Simple c o n d i t i o n a l
' ( s h o u l d / w o u l d have g o n e )
(should/would go)
216 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 7 - CAU NOI TRUC TIEP VA CAU NOI GIAN TIEP 2 1 7
* T r o n g cau true tiep, p h a n t r o n g ngoac kep t h u o n g 6 d u a i 3 d a ng ( 2 ) P a t lien t u "THAT" truac cau n o i gian tiep thav cho 2 d a u
va d u g c p h a n l o a i n h u sau: cham, roi bo d a u ngoac.
( 3 ) D a i t u va t i n h ttr so h u u phai d o i t u ngoi t h u 1 hoac ngoi

t h u 2 sang ngoi t h u 3.
Vidu: - H e said: "[T] have locked |my| d o o r . " (D.S.)

i I i
- H e said that [he] h a d locked |his| door. (I.S.)
o u r h o m e . " (D.S.)
- They said: " I We | are g o i n g t o
Do do, k h i doi sang cau gian tiep ta phai theo quy dinh tiing loai:
- They said that |they| were g o i n g t o |their| h o m e . (I.S.)
; Loai A: Neu cau noi true tiep la cau tuoTig thuat (statements). C h u y ngoai le:
Muon d o i c a u n o i true tiep s a n g cau n o i gian tiep, n e u cau n o i true
K h i n g u a i d o ke l a i c h i n h cau n o i cua m i n h .
tiep la mot c a u t u o n g thuat, ta theo q u y d i n h s a u :
(1) Q u y tac h o p thi (Sequence o f Tenses)

Vd:
- Neu dong t u gioi thieu la "SAY" (hien tai) t h i khong can su hoa hop Esaid: "m l i ke [my] car." (D.S.)
thi nua i j s a i d t h a t l j j l i k e d | m y | car (I.S.)
- Neu dong ttr gioi thieu la "SAID" (qua khii) thi phai can c6 su hoa hop ( 4 ) D u n g "Tell" thay "Say" k h i nao?
thi (theo bang quy tac 1 tang 1 t h i a muc so 4 noi tren.)
Vd: D.S. -(He) says: " © am tired."
Truong h o p ngoai le:
I.S. - ( H ^ says that (h^) is tired, (correct)

Khi cau n o i true tiep dien ta m o t chan ly pho bien liic nao cung diing
n h u hanh dong lap lai thuong xuyen thanh thoi quen, su that hien
D.S. -(He) says t o me: KV a m t i r e d . "
nhien, hien tuong thien nhien t h i dong t u khong doi, tire la luon luon
diing thi hien tai.
I.S . -@ I tells me I t h a t ( @ ( i s ) tired, (correct)
Vd: D.S. - Our teacher said: "The sun [rises | in the east
and sets in the west." Nhung: I.S. - ( @ | says t o m e ] that 0 a m tired. (Incorrect)
I.S. - Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east
and I sets I in the west.

218 M I N D M A P ENGLISH G R A M M A R Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 7 - CAU NOI TRUC TlEP VA CAU NOI GIAN TI^P 2 1 9
; Loai B: Neu cau noi true tiep la cau h o i (questions). Giai t h i c h t h e m :
M u o n d o i cau n o i true tiep sang cau noi gian tiep, neu cau n o i true * Khi doi sang cau noi gian tiep, cau hoi khong con mang hinh thiic cau
tiep la mot cau h o i , ta theo quy tae sau: hoi nua, nghia la phan con lai 6 the xac dinh [Khong dao nguoc chu
tir, khong muon "do, does, d i d " va bo dau cham hoi].
(1) D o i "SAY" ra "ASK" ^
Vd: - He said
When I do ( j o u ) go?"
(2) N e u cau h o i b a t d a u b a n g n h u n g t u n g h i v a n :
|— He asked ( m e ) | w h e n 1(0 went.
H O W , WHERE, W H E N , WHAT, W H E N , W H I C H . . . , ta g i u
nguyen n h u n g ttr n g h i v a n ay k h i d o i sang cau n o i gian tiep
va p h a n c o n lai 6 the xac d i n h .
- He said
Do I (you) go?"
He asked ( m e ) Qf] (D
went.
Vd: - He said |to m e ] : r ' W h a t ] are ( y o u ) doing?" Cac q u y tac khac a cau n o i true tiep k h i la cau h o i c u n g g i o n g
I n h u cau n o i true tiep k h i la cau p h a t b i e u (ve t h i , ve dai t u , so
hCru t i n h tir va cac trang t u ve gan, xa ...).
* He ASKED (me) | w h a t [(T) was d o i n g .
- He said [to m e ] : | " W h y |did^(you) come here?" ; L o a i C : N e u cau n o i trtrc t i e p l a cau sai k h i e n (commands)J
* He asked (me) | w h y | ( f ) had c o m e there. M u o n d o i m o t cau sai khien sang h i n h thiic cau noi gian tiep, ta phai
theo cac quy tac sau:
- She said [to me]:r'How |will (you)goV' ( 1 ) D o i "SAY" ra "TELL", m u o n dien ta menh lenh ta d i i n g "ORDER"
hoac "COMMAND", ta c6 the diang "ASK" hoac "BEG" de eau n o i
— She asked (me) | H o w | (T) would go. lich su, nh? nhang h a n . Va dpng t u sai khien t r a ve nguyen mau
3 ) N e u cau h o i k h o n g bat d a u b a n g n h u n g t u n g h i v a n , ta t h e m (coTo).
h e n t u " I F " h o a c " W H E T H E R ••• o r N O T " va p h a n c o n l a i 6 Vd: - 1 said to T o m : "Get u p ! " - r }
t h e xac d i n h .
-* I t o l d T o m to get u p .
Vd: - He said : " [Do] ( y o u ) have a bag?" - He said t o his teacher: "Please let me see!"
— He asked me | If | I h a d a bag. He begged his teacher t o let h i m see.
- The officer said t o his soldiers: "Go a h e a d ! "

hoac: - He asked me | whether | I h a d a bag |OR NOT.
The officer ordered his soldiers [to] go ahead.

(2) Neu cau sai khien 6- the phii dinh (Negative form): Ta doi
"DON'T" thanh "NOT TO".
- He said Don'tl talk any more!"
He told me | N O T | TO talk anymore.
- She said: "|Don't | take your bag, Tom!"
She ordered Tom | N O T | TO take his bag.

G h i c h u them:
- Khong con dau (!) 6 cau noi gian tiep.

- Cac quy luat khac cQng glong nhu khi cau true tiep la cau phat
bieu, cau h o i da tfinh bay d tren. DANG RUT NGAN
C O A D O N G TU"
MOT SO TRUONG HOP DAC B1ET
1 / Co 2 cau phat bleu trong cau noi true tiep, can doi thanh cau noi SHORTENED FORM
gian tiep
Vd: - He said My) house is collapsed. I caiVt live in^" OF VERBS
r
- He told me that |his| house was collapsed and that he couldn't live in.
2/ Co 2 cau hoi trong cau noi true tiep, can doi cau noi gian tiep
Vd: - My teacher said: " Why] are (you) late? Didj you miss the bus.
- My teacher asked melwhyl I was late and[jfjl had missed the bus
3/ Co 2 cau sai khien trong cau noi true tiep

Vd: - He said: " | G o out! Wait tor me!
- He told me to go out and |(to)| wait for him. fco the bo "to" thu hai]
4/ Co 2 cau khac loai nhau trong cau noi true tiep

Vd: - He said: When I do you go? i shall go later."
- He asked me when i went and said that ae would go later.

SHORTENED FORM OF VERBS

(DANG R U T N G A N C U A D O N G TU)
Nguoi ta thuang dung phep nit ngan nay de noi chuyen cho nhanh.
(Nguai My ua dung loi nay.)
Ain't I (eint) 1 Am not [non-standard]

Aren't i (a:nt) 1 Are not
Can't ; (ka:nt) 1 Can not
Couldn't ('kudnt) Could not
Daren't 1 (dernt) 1 Dare not
Haven't (haevnt) 1 Have not
Hasn't
Hadn't
('haeznt)
('haednt)
1 Has not BANG DONG TIT
Had not
Don't
Doesn't
(d3unt)
('dAznt)
Do not
Does not
BAT Q U y TAG
Didn't (•di:dnt) Did not
He'd
He'll
(hi:d)
(hi:l)
He had or he would LIST OF
He will
He's (hi:z) He is or he has IRREGULAR VERBS
Here's (hi9Z) Here is
I'd (aid) I had or I should
I'm not (aim) (not) I am not
Isn't (iznt) Is not
ltd (itd) It had or it would
It'll (it!) It will
It's (its) It is or it has
I've (aiv) I have
Let's (lets) Let us
Mayn't ('meiant) May not
Mightn't ('maitnt) Might not
Mustn't 1 ('rriAsnt) Must not
Needn't (hiidnt) Need not
Oughtn't (bitsnt) Ought not
Shan't J (;a:nt) Shall not
She'd ; (;i:d) ; She had, she would
She'll ; (Ji:!) ; She will
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 9 BANG D O N G TU BAT QUY TAC 225
BANG DONG T U BAT Q U Y TAG Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning
( L i s t o f \rregu]ar verbs)
To burst Burst Burst Vo, no
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning To bust Bust Bust Lam v d tan
To buy Bought Bought Mua
To abide '< Abode '< Abode ' Tuan thii; 6
To cast Cast Cast Nem
To arise ; Arose ; Arisen ; Nay sinh, xuat hi^n
To catch Caught Caught Bat
To awake ' Awoke ' Awaken
j Thiic day To chide Chid Children Quo, mang
To backbite ; Backbit 1 Backbitten ; Vu khong, noi xau
To choose Chose Chosen Chon
To be 1 Was/Were 1 Been \a
To cling Clung Clung Quan quyt (ben ai)
To bear ; Bore ; Borne 1 Chiu, chof
To come Came Come Tai, den
To bear Born I born Sinh, de
To cost Cost Cost Dang gia
To beat ' Beat 1 Beaten Danh dap
To creep Crept Crept Bo
To become Became become Thanh, tra nen
To cut Cut Cut Cat
To begin Began Begun Bat dau
To dare Durst (dared) Durst Dam
To behold Beheld Beheld Trong thay, ngam
To deal Dealt Deah Buon ban
To bend Bent Bent Uon cong
To dig Dug Dug Dao, bdi
To bereave Bereft Bereft Lam cho mat, lay di
To do Did Done Lam
To bet Bet Bet Ca, cuac
To draw Drew Drawn Loi, keo; ve
To bespeak Bespoke Bespoken Dat truac
To dream Dreamt Dreamt Ma mang
To beseech Besought Besouht Van xin
To drink Drank Drunk(en) Uong
To bedtride Bestrode Bestridden Diing/ngoi giang chan
To drive Drove Driven Dua, dieu khien
To bid Bade Bidden Ra lenh
To dwell Dwelt Dwelt 6 , cu t n i
To bite Bit Bit/ Bitten can
To eat Ate Eaten An
To bleed Bled Bled Chay mau
To fall Fell Fallen Nga
To blow Blew Blown Thoi
To feed Fed Fed Nuoi (cho) an
To break , Broke Broken I Lam v d
To feel Felt Felt Cam thay
To breed Bred \ Bred \ Nuoi nang
To fight Fought Fought Danh nhau
To bring 1 Brought 1 Brought 1 Mang
To find Found Found Tim thay
To broadcast; Broadcast ; Broadcast ; Phat thanh, truyen hinh
To flee Fled Fled Chay tron
To build ; Built : Built ; Xay dijng
To fling Flung Flung Nem, quang
To burn ; Burnt ; Dot chay
Burnt I
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com A P P E N D I X 9 - B A N G D O N G T U B A T G U Y T A C - 227
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning
To fly Flew Flown Bay To learn Learnt Learnt Hoc, duac tin
To forbid Forbade Forbidden Cam To leave ; Left •Left ' Rai di
To foresee Foresaw Foreseen Doan truac To lend Lent 1 Lent Cho vay
To foretell Foretold Foretold Noi truoc To let Let ' Let De
To forget Forgot Forgotten Quen To lie Lay Lain Nam
To forgive Forgave Forgiven Tha thii To light Lit Lit Dot, thap
To forsake Forsook Forsaken Bo To lose Lost Lost Thua, mat
To freeze Froze Frozen Dong lanh To make Made Made Lam
To get Got Got Duac To mean Meant Meant Nghia la
To gild Gilt Gilt Ma vang To meet Met Met Doi pho, gap
To give Gave Given Cho To mistake Mistook Mistaken Nham
Togo Went Gone Di To mislead Misled Misled Lam duang
To grind Ground Ground Xay, nghien To mow Mowed Mown Cat bang, hai
To grow Grew Grown Moc len To outdo Outdid Outdone Vuot tren
To hang Hung/Hanged Hung/Hanged Treo/Treo c6 To outgo Outwent Outgone Vugt qua, Ian
To have Had Had Co To overcast Overcast Overcast Lam den toi
To hear Heard Heard Nghe To overcome Overcame Overcome Vuot tren
To hew Hewed Hewn/Hewed Don, deo, chat To overdo Overdid Overdone Lam thai qua
To hide Hid Hidden, Hid Nap, an To overhear Overheard Overheard Nghe 16m
To hit Hit Hit Toi, dung To overspread Overspread Overspread Lan ra
To hold Held Held Cam gill To pay Paid Paid Tra
To hurt Hurt Hurt Lam dau To put Put Put De
To keep Kept Kept Giu To read Read Read Doc
To kneel Knelt Knelt Quy goi To rend Rent Rent Lam rach
To knit Knit Knit Dan To rid Rid Rid Tru bo, viit bo
To know Knew Known Biet To ride Rode Ridden Cuoi ngtra
To lead Led Led Dan, dat To ring Rang Rung Rung chuong
To lay Laid Laid De, dat To rive Rived Riven Che, tach
To lean Leant Leant Dua, chong do To rise , Rose Risen Diing day
To leap Leapt Leapt Nhay To run | Ran Run Chay
228 MiND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com APPENDIX 9 - BANG D O N G TU BAT QUY TAC 229
Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Meaning
To say Said Said Noi To spell 1 Spelt Spelt Danh van

To see Saw Seen Thay To spend 1 Spent Spent Tieu, qua
To seek Sought Sought Tim To spill Spilt Spilt Do, vai
To sell Sold Sold Ban To spin Span Span Keo, sgi
To send Sent Sent Gui, phai di To spit Spat Spat Nho, khac
To set Set Set De, lap To spoil Spoilt Spoilt Lam hong, lam h u
To shake Shook Shaken Lac To spread Spread Spread Trai ra, lan rong
To shear Shore Shorn Got, cat To spring Sprang Sprung Nhay len, ban ra
To shed Shed Shed Do To stand Stood Stood Diing
To shine Shone Shone Choi Ipi, chieu To steal Stole Stolen Trom
To shoe Shod Shod Di giay To stick Stuck Stuck Dan
To shoot Shot Shot Ban To sting Stung Stung Chich, dot
To show Showed Shown To bay, chi To stink Stank Stunk Thoi, CO miii hoi
To shred Shred Shred Chat, chia doan To stride Strode Stridden Di budc dai
To shrink Shrank Shrunk Lam CO lai To strike Struck Struck Danh
To shrive Shrove Shriven Xung tpi To string Strung Strung Xau day
To shut Shut Shut Dong To strive Strove Striven No luc, CO gang
To sing Sang Sung Hat To swear Swore Sworn The
To sink Sank Sunk Dam, chim To sweep Swept Swept Quet
To sit Sat Sat Ngoi, hop To swell Swelled Swollen Lam sung len
To slay Slew Slain Giet To swim Swam Swum Boi
To sleep Slept Slept Ngu To swing Swung Swung Danh du
To slide Slid Slid Truot, luot To take Took Taken Lay
To slink Slunk Slunk Lan di, len di To teach Taught Taught Day
To slit Slit Slit Xe bo, che To tear Tore Torn Lam rach, xe
To smell Smelt Smelt Ngui, ngiii thay To tell Told Told Noi
To smite Smote Smitten Danh, dap, v6 To think Thought Thought 1 Nghi
To sow Sowed Sown Gieo hat To thrive Throve Throve Thinh vugng
To speed Sped Sped Lam nhanh To throw 1 Threw ] Thrown | Nem

Infinitive
To thrust
Simple Past
Thrust
Past Participle
Thrust
Meaning
Dam thpc; an manh

J
To tread Trod Trodden Giam dap, giay xeo

To unbend Unbent Unbent Keo gian (ra)
To understand Understood Understood Hieu
To undo Undid Undone Thao, coi
To upset Upset Upset Lam lat do
To wear Wore Worn Mac, dpi
To weave Wove Woven Det
To weep
To w i n
Wept
Won
Wept
Won
Khoc
Thang
HUONG DAN CACH VE
To wind
To wring
Wound
Wrang
Wound
Wrung
Quay; cuon lai
Xoan, van
BANDOTUDUy
To write Wrote Written Viet
HOW TO DRAW
MIND MAPS

A P P E N D I X 1 0 - H U O N G D A N C A C H VE B A N D6 T U DUY - 2 3 3
Ban da hieu dugc siic manh cua Ban P H A N 2: '^

Do Tu Duy, vay lam sao ban c6 the ve 6 Y E U T O Q U A N T R Q N G C U A BAN D O T U D U Y
duac Ban Do Tu Duy mot each toi uu?
6 phan nay, chung toi se huong dan Hinh dnh: neu c6 Lien ket: la nhung hn Mau sac: nhanh
ban ve'Ban Do Tu Duy theo tung buac cang tot. ke dam, ke mong noi chinh khac mau vdi
va cac quy tac de ve no. vdi nhau vcfi chii de. cac nhanh phu. Cac
nhanh phu va cac
nhanh chi tiet cung
P H A N 1: khac mau nhau. Ban
can chuan bi but viet
N H 0 N G Dl6u C A N N H O TRVOC K H I V £ nhieu mau de ve.
Diem bat dau ciia ban do tu duy la CHU DE. No dugc ve a giCra
trang giay kho A4. Chii de nam trong mot hinh tron, hinh chCr
nhat hoac bat cii hinh dang nao ma ban thich. Tir chii de, ban se ve
nhirng nhanh chinh, nhanh phu va cac nhanh chi tiet. Tren nhiing
nhanh chinh do, ban viet tu khoa ngan gon de the hien noi dung
cua no. Tir nhanh chinh do, ban Ian luot ve cac nhanh chinh khac
cho cac npi dung con lai. Cac nhanh chinh khac do duac ve ve
phia ben phai, thuan theo chieu kim dong ho. Neu can, ban ciing
FT yeu to quan trpng
cua Ban Do T u Duy
CO the ve truac nhanh chinh ben trai de ghi lai truac nhung dieu
ma ban e rang sau nay se quen. Moi nhanh chinh (ta bieu thi bang
nhiing Ian ke dam ). Nhiing nhanh phu (ta bieu thi bang
nhiing Ian ke mong han nhanh chinh ). Nhanh chinh
la noi dung chii yeu, nhanh phu la nhung y trien khai noi dung
cua nhanh chinh. Tii nhanh chinh ta ve ra nhiing nhanh phu va tu Tong qudt: ve khdi Noi bat: nen ve rO Tit khoa: la cum
nhiing nhanh phu ta ve ra cac nhanh chi tiet (cang nhieu nhanh quat Ban Do Tu rang, mau s^c khac til' ngSn gon dupe
phu va nhanh chi tiet cang tot). So lugng nhanh chinh, nhanh Duy ve van de neu ra nhau, CO hinh anh la viet tren mpi nhanh,
trudc, ban chua can m&t kem theo de lam khong dai dpng.
phu va cac nhanh chi tiet it hay nhieu tiiy thuoc vao noi dung ciia ve npi dung chi tiet noi bat timg npi dung
van de can the hien. No tiiy vao kien thiic, sue tuong tuong, su cho tiing nhanh. chinh, phu.
sang tao ciia ban. Nen nho rang Ban Do Tu Duy ciia moi nguai ve
ra ve mot van de nao do deu khac nhau. Tuy nhien, ban phai tuan
theo huong dan noi tren.

2 3 4 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com
A P P E N D I X 1 0 - H U O N G D A N C A C H VE B A N B6 T U D U Y - 2 3 5
PHAN3:
• BUOC 3: Ve them cac nhanh PHU va cac nhanh chi tiet ho t r g
CAC BUOC THUC HIEN
cho nhanh phu
• BUOC 1 : Ve chu de a trung tarn
- H i n h ve sau day cho thay khai niem cac nhanh:
Buoc dau tien trong viec tao ra mot Ban Do Tu Duy la ve chii de
6 trung tam tren mot manh giay kho A4 (nen dat nam ngang).
Nho rang chu de phai nam trong mot hinh tron, hinh chu nhat
hoac bat cii hlnh dang nao ma ban thich.
V i du ban do thanh pho V i du Ban D o T u Duy
* BUOC 2 : Ve them cac nhanh CHJNH Day la mot ban do tuong trung Day la ban ve khai quat ve mot
trong thanh pho c6 vong xoay va ban do t u duy. Vong tron tam la
Buoc tiep theo, t u chii de trung tam ban Ian luot ve them cac cac nga duong. Vong xoay chinh chu de, lien ket xung quanh la cac
nhanh chinh. So luong nhanh chinh khong gioi han, no tiiy la chii de, cac nga ducing Ion, nhanh chinh, nhanh phu, nhanh
nho, hem tuong ling vdi nhanh chi tiet ho tro.
thuoc vao npi dung m l n h muon ve. Sau do ban se diing cac t u chinh, nhanh phu va nhanh chi
khoa CO npi dung ngan gpn de viet len tren cac nhanh chinh do. tiet ho tro.
Hai hinh dnh tren giiip ban cd khdi ni^m can ban ve Bdn Do Tu Duy de
can cic vao do md ban cd the ve dmc no.
- Day la hinh ve bieu thi each ve mot "Ban Do Tu Duy" ma bgn
CO the ap dung sau khi thirc hien xong 3 buoc neu tren:

236 M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR APPENDIX 10 - H U O N G DAN CACH VE BAN D 6 TU DUY - 237
• BUaC 4: Them hinh anh, neu c6 the

6 buac cuoi ding nay, hay de tri tuong tuong ciia ban bay bong. Ban
CO the them hlnh anh (neu c6 the) de minh hoa cac y chinh hoac cac
y noi bat lam cho Ban Do Tu Duy ciia ban them sinh dong.
Day la mot vi dii ve vi^c ve them hiijh anh cho Ban Do Tu Duy ciia ban:
M O T VAI M A U M I N D M A P S D E BAN T H A M K H A O :
(Engtiih)
Careful
V
CMCIM
SubttituM
1
Ngudn; http://www.biggerplate.com/rnindmaps/g3()6882/7-ways-to-improve-your-grammar-english
THANH CONG VOI QUYEN SACH

"MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR"

N h a m gop phan ho t r o hoc ngu phap, M i n d M a p E n g l i s h G r a m m a r la

cong cu de hieu biet tieng A n h duoi hinh t h i i c torn luoc theo t u d u y logic. Do
vay ngudi hoc can su dung hi6u biet ve ngu phap va quan t r o n g hon la ung
dung vao nhieu boat dong t h u c hanh de phat huy cac chu de ngu phap t r o n g
cuon sach.
- Giang vien c6 the hudng dan cho ngudi hoc cac chu de va chu diem ngu
phap theo t u duy logic qua cac so do t u d u y torn t a t de n h d va de hieu.
- Ngudi hoc de dang t u hoc va t h a m khao t r u o c khi lam cac bai tap ngu phap
hoac su dung tieng A n h .
- H e t h o n g bai hoc duoc t r i n h bay dang " m i n d m a p " each t a n t u thap !
cao nen ngudi hoc yeu t h i c h n g u phap tieng A n h h o n .
- Sau khi hoc, hieu, nam vung cac chu de, chu diem ngu phap, ngudi hoc
th6 t u ve lay " m i n d m a p " cua rieng m i n h .

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Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

Original title: Mind Map English Grammar

Ban quyen © 2013 Nguyen D i e Tarn

CONG T Y VAN HOA SANG TAO TRI V I E T - FIRST NEWS

11H Nguyen Thj Minii Khai, Quan 1, TP. H C M

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TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO

- 1995 - nay: G i a n g day va q u a n ly (3rd E d i t i o n )

(Vice Rector o f Van Lang University) T H E L O N G M A N STUDENT'S GRAMMAR O F S P O K E N

TP.HCM, ngay 11/4/2013 9. Gender (Giong) 32

Tien si VU T H I PHUONG A N H 10. Verbal (Thugc dgng tu) 32

5. D a i tir Bat d i n h ( I n d e f i n i t e P r o n o u n s ) 50 va dong t i i thuong 78

6. D a i tir Q u a n he (Relative P r o n o u n s ) 51 • C H U O N G 5 - CAC P H A N C H I N H CUA D O N G T U

(Chapter 5 - The p r i n c i p a l parts o f a verb) 79

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1.2 The nhan m a n h (Emphatic f o r m ) 83 • C H U O N G 6 - TINH T U

2. T h i (Tense) 86 1. T i n h t u (Adjectives) 110

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( C h a p t e r s - Prepositions) 123 (Chapter 1 1 - Clauses) 144

1 . G i o i ttr (Prepositions) 124 1 . M e n h de c h i n h ( M a i n / Independent clause) 145

2 . Phan biet cac l o a i g i o i t u ? 125 2 . M e n h de p h u (Subordinate / D e p e n d e n t clause) 145

4 . Cach d t i n g cua g i o i t u 127 2 . 3 M e n h de trang tir (Adverb clause) 149

• C H U O N G 9 - LIEN T U VA THAN T U • CHUONG 1 2 - CAU

(Chapter 9 - C o n j u n c t i o n s a n d Interjections) 129 (Chapter 1 2 - Sentences) 152

1 . Lien t u ( C o n j u n c t i o n s ) 130 1 . Cau d o n gian ( S i m p l e sentences) 152

2 . T h a n ttr (Interjections) 134 4 . Cau h o n h o p ( C o m p o u n d - C o m p l e x sentences) 152

2 . 2 Q u y tac ngu phap 2 135 P H A N 4 ( PART 4 )

(Chapter 1 0 - C r o u p o f w o r d s ) 136 1 . T r u o n g h g p c h i i each ( N o m i n a t i v e case) 154

C u m t u (Phrase) 137 2 . T r u o n g h g p t a n each (Accusative case) 155

1 . C u m g i o i ttr (Prepositional phrase) 138 3 . T r u o n g h g p d u each (Dative case) 157

2 . C u m t h u o c d o n g ttr (Verbal phrase) 140 4 . T r u o n g h g p so h u u each (Possessive case) 157

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Phu luc 1 - Dau nhan am/Dau trong am

Phu luc 2 - Cau dieu kien

Phu luc 4 - Cau hoi duoi '

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De cuon sach "Mind Map Enghsh Grammar" giiip nguoi hoc

f " M I N D MAPS" LA GI? ) i

LAM T H E NAO D E BIET VE " M I N D MAPS"?

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D I E M G I O N G VA K H A C N H A U GILTA " E N G L I S H GRAMMAR

G i o n g n h a u : cting m u c di'ch hoc tap

* "ENGLISH GRAMMAR MIND MAPS": hup://www.

Tac gia t r l n h bay tat ca cac n p i d u n g b a i hoc b a n g b a n d o t u duy.

* " M I N D MAP E N G L I S H GRAMMAR'": N o i d u n g b a i hoc dupe

V i d u : N p i d u n g bai h p c dupe the h i e n theo 2 each sau:

English G r a m m a r Mind Maps Mind Maps English G r a m m a r

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-I send a letter (to) him.

Leader Told Story

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2. S U B J E C T (Chu ngfl) 4. C O M P L E M E N T (Bo ngfl)

- Ngoai le: Doi voi cau noi dao ngu (Inversion):

Vd: - Mr. Peter[scoldedj his son last night.

Vd: , - Mr. Brown gives his son a watch

r - Mrs.Green |buys| her husband a shirt.

• Vt: Transitive verb (Ngoai dong til)

5. ANTECEDENT (Tu" diing trucfc/Tien ngU) 7. PERSON (Ngoi)

La m o t t u hay m o t n h o m tir d i i n g p h i a trudc, c6 hen he v a i La b i e n each ciia d a i tir va d o n g t u .

^ - 3rd Person (ngoi III): h i m , her, it, them (ngoi t h i i ba so i t so nhieu)

La d a n h t u dat ke l i e n m o t d a n h t u khac (antecedent) c6 8. N U M B E R (So)

- So n h i e u ( p l u r a l ) : C h i tir " 2 " t r a len [There are three bags.]