St.

Mary School, Dwarka

Ch-10, Visualizing Solid Shapes
Activity based chapter
Two-dimensional shapes
Plane figures with only two measurements –length and width are
called 2-D shapes.

Three-dimensional shapes
Solid figures with three measurements –length, width and height are
called 3D shapes.

Views of 3D-Shapes
As the 3-D shapes are solid in nature so they may have a different
view from different sides.

When we draw the top view, front view and side view on paper then it
will look like this.
Example
Draw the front view, side view and the top view of the given figure.

Solution

Faces, Edges and Vertices

 Faces – All the flat surfaces of the three 3-D shapes are the
faces. Solid shapes are made up of these plane figures called faces.
 Edges – The line segments which make the structure of the solid
shapes are called edges. The two faces meet at the edges of the 3D
shapes.
 Vertex – The corner of the solid shapes is called vertex. The
two edges meet at the vertex. The plural of the vertex is vertices.
Polyhedrons
Polygons are the flat surface made up of line segments. The 3-D
shapes made up of polygons are called polyhedron.
 These solid shapes have faces, edges and vertices.
 The polygons are the faces of the solid shape.
 Three or more edges meet at a point to form a vertex.
 The plural of word polyhedron is polyhedral.

Non-polyhedron
The solid shape who’s all the faces are not polygon are called non-
polyhedron. i.e. it has one of the curved faces.

Convex Polyhedrons
If the line segment formed by joining any two vertices of the
polyhedron lies inside the figure then it is said to be a convex
polyhedron.

Non-convex or Concave Polyhedron

If anyone or more line segments formed by joining any two vertices
of the polyhedron lie outside the figure then it is said to be a non-
convex polyhedron.

Regular Polyhedron
If all the faces of a polyhedron are regular polygons and its same
number of faces meets at each vertex then it is called regular
polyhedron.

Non-regular Polyhedron
The polyhedron which is not regular is called non-regular polyhedron.
Its vertices are not made by the same number of faces.
In this figure, 4 faces meet at the top point and 3 faces meet at all the
bottom points.
Prism
If the top and bottom of a polyhedron are a congruent polygon and its
lateral faces are parallelogram in shape, then it is said to be a prism.

Pyramid
If the base of a polyhedron is the polygon and its lateral faces are
triangular in shape with a common vertex, then it is said to be a
pyramid.
 Number of faces, vertices and edges of some polyhedrons/non
polyhedron
Number of Number of Number of
Solid
Faces Edges Vertices
Cube 6 12 8
Rectangular Prism/Cuboid 6 12 8
Triangular Prism 5 9 6
Square Pyramid 5 8 5
Triangular Pyramid 4 6 6
Cylinder 3 2 0
cone 2 1 1
Sphere 1 0 0

Euler’s formula
Euler’s formula shows the relationship between edges, faces and
vertices of a polyhedron.
Every polyhedron will satisfy the criterion F + V – E = 2,
Where F is the number of faces of the polyhedron, V is the vertices of
the polyhedron and E is the number of edges of the polyhedron.
Example
Using Euler's formula, find the number of faces if the number of
vertices is 6 and the number of edges is 12.
Solution
Given, V = 6 and E = 12.
We know Euler’s formula, F + V – E = 2
So, F + 6 – 12 = 2.
Hence, F = 8.

NETS OF POLYHEDRONS
Cube Net
Cube
Faces: 6
Edges: 12
Vertices: 8

Cuboid Net
Cuboid
Faces: 6
Edges: 12
Vertices: 8

Cone Cone Net

Faces:  2
Edges: 1
 Vertices:  1

Cylinder Net
Cylinder

Faces: 3
Edges:  2
Vertices: 0

Triangular Prism Net

Triangular Prism
Faces: 5
Edges: 9
Vertices: 6

Tetrahedron
Tetrahedron Net
(Triangular-based
Pyramid)
Faces: 4
Edges: 6
Vertices: 4
 Square-based Pyramid
Net
Square-based Pyramid

Faces: 5
Edges: 8
Vertices: 5