WHITE HAT

Three Cebuano authors — Simeon Dumdum, Timothy Mo, and Dr.

Resil Mojares — address the Cebuano tradition of English-
language creative writing, the history of Spanish and American colonialism, and
English in the Philippines in this concluding chapter. Simeon Dumdum, one of the
best poets the Visayas has ever made, went to Ireland as a teen seminarian before
pursuing a legal career. Timothy Mo is a writer who travels to the Philippines often.
Dr. Resil Mojares is the Director of the University of San Carlos' Center for
Cebuano Studies and has taught and lectured at universities in the United States,
Europe, Japan, and the Philippines.

Cebuano writers hail from the Visayas and Mindanao regions of the Philippines; the
most well-known Filipino literary outlet for them, including the Bisaya Magasin, is
located in Makati, Manila, although there is also a thriving Cebuano group of
writers based outside the country. As a result, the word "Cebuano literature"
refers not only to writers from the Visayas and Mindanao who write in Cebuano,
but to all written production in Cebuano, regardless of origin.We learned English as
a second language and grew to appreciate it even more than our mother tongue.
And though we recall that you're at least fluent in Tagalog and native speakers of
Visayan, you're already bilingual, if not trilingual. In the eyes of the students,
English was the high language, the language of desire and achievement.

It's impossible to have an elite norm because English is so commonly spoken. It

almost becomes mongrelized.Language can be used to manipulate items, and at the
very least, it will be a combination of vernacular and English. English is used, much
as Spanish was in the past, and certain decisions are still taken in Spanish.

The Cebuano language is a very concrete language, which makes it excellent for
conveying reality or physical sensations but less so for conveying thoughts,
abstract concepts, or philosophy.