GROUP 1

Gwen Abuan, Mikaela Adviento, Jamaica Ces Angnged, Chelsie Marie Antolin, John Harold
Cabradilla

Activity No. 7
ENZYMES AND DIGESTION

COLOR OF THE MIXTURE

TUBE CONTAINING:
INITIAL FINAL

Milk + Na carbonate +
phenolphthalein + lipase Pink White
solution
Milk + Na carbonate +
phenolphthalein + distilled Pink Pink
water
Milk + Na carbonate +
Pink Pink
phenolphthalein + amylase

Milk + Na carbonate +
Pink Pink
phenolphthalein + boiled lipase

Milk + Na carbonate +
Pink White
phenolphthalein + bile salt

Hydrolysis of Fats
1. Write the complete equation for the hydrolysis of fats.
References:
Chemistry LibreTexts. (2020). Fats and Oils. Retrieved from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Mount_Aloysius_College/CHEM_100%3A_General_Chemis
try_(O%27Connor)/17%3A_Lipids/17.03%3A_Fats_and_Oils
Cyber Teachers. (2020). 'Pink Milk Experiment' The Effect Lipase Enzyme and Bile on Milk by
Mr T. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_lATs9RT1M

2. When fats are hydrolyzed, what happens to the pH of the resulting solution?
An enzyme called lipase catalyses the hydrolysis of the fats and oils. When the hydrolysis
occurs, the fatty acids will be released and the acidity of the reaction mixture will rise.
Therefore, the pH of the solution decreases.
3. What is the role of bile acids in the digestion of fats?
When digesting fats, bile acts as an emulsifier to break the large fat globules into smaller
emulsion droplets. Emulsified fats provide a larger area for the fat-digesting enzymes (lipase) to
act, making the process quicker.
Reference:
Kumar, K. (2021). What is the function of Bile? Retrieved from
https://www.medicinenet.com/what_is_the_function_of_bile/article.htm
Shipton, M.(n.d.). Fats and Oils, Unilever Educational Booklet: Advanced Serie

4. If starch were to be hydrolyzed using amylase, what are the products produced?
The sugar d-glucose, or dextrose, is produced when starch is completely hydrolyzed. The
hydrolysis is supposed to take place in stages, with various intermediate products forming along
the way. These have often been enumerated as soluble starch, maltose and various dextrins.
The more complete the conversion of starch, the more d-glucose is formed; the less complete,
the more of the intermediate products, which we usually call dextrin.
- Enumeration of Stages of Starch Hydrolysis
1. Starch Granules
2. Starch Slurry
3. Gelatinization
4. Gelatinized Starch
5. Liquification
6. Liquified Starch
7. Saccharification
8. Glucose Syrup and Maltose Syrup
Reference:
Hugh Bryan, A. (1911, October 1). Composition of American commercial glucose and starch
sugars. ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016003211912435

5. What simple test can you use to detect the presence of the end product of hydrolysis of
starch using amylase? Include the positive result.
- Using Benedict’s reagent, we can test the presence of products of hydrolysis of starch using
amylase. When a blue solution of Benedict’s reagent is added to a glucose solution, the
color will change to green (at low glucose concentrations) or reddish orange (at higher
glucose concentrations).
Reference:
Aryal, S. (2019, June 14). Starch Hydrolysis Test – Principle, Procedure, Uses and
Interpretation. Microbiology Info.Com. https://microbiologyinfo.com/starch-hydrolysis-test/

6. How are the following related to enzyme activity and enzyme structure?
Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature
slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its
shape (denature) and stop working.
pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow
enzyme activity. Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature.

7. Explain the importance of enzymes in digestion.

Digestive enzymes play a key role in breaking down the food you eat. These proteins speed up
chemical reactions that turn nutrients into substances that your digestive tract can absorb. Your
saliva has digestive enzymes in it. Some of your organs, including your pancreas, gallbladder,
and liver, also release them.
Reference:
Enzymes review (article). (2020). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-
biology/cellular-energetics/environmental-impacts-on-enzyme-function/a/hs-enzymes-review
Key, A. P. (2019, November 19). What Are Digestive Enzymes? WebMD.
https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-are-digestive-enzymes#1