Artificial Intelligence:

Who Am I?
Allan Tucker: Reader in
Dept of Computer Science
Head of IDA Group:
• Founded in 1995 at University of London
• Focusses on AI models that work WITH
experts and users
• Applications in Environment, Health,
Engineering & Education
• Funded by many sources, nationally and
internationally
• Website: ida-research.net
Artificial Intelligence:
Introduction to AI
3rd Year Optional Module
AI in Popular Culture
AI in Popular Culture
AI in Popular Culture
AI in Popular Culture
AI in Popular Culture
AI in Popular Culture
AI in Reality
Early Computers & Turing (1940s)

British Bombe (1 ton)

 Clockwork & Automata (1700s-1800s)

Maillardet's Automaton - pre 1800 The Writer - 1775

 Clockwork & Automata (1700s-1800s)

Maillardet's Automaton - pre 1800 The Writer - 1775

 Clockwork & Automata (1700s-1800s)

Maillardet's Automaton - pre 1800 The Writer - 1775

Back to Turing
Turing Test (1951)
• a conversation between eliza and a young woman
• young woman: Men are all alike.
• eliza: In what way?
• young woman: They're always bugging us about something specific or other.
• eliza: Can you think of a specific example?
• young woman: Well, my boyfriend made me come here.
• eliza: Your boyfriend made you come here?
• young woman: He says I'm depressed much of the time.
• eliza: I am sorry to hear you are depressed.
• young woman: It's true. I'm unhappy.
• eliza: Do you think coming here will help you not to be unhappy?
• young woman: I need some help, that much seems certain.
• eliza: What would it mean to you if you got some help?
• young woman: Perhaps I could learn to get along with my mother.
• eliza: Tell me more about your family.
• young woman: My mother takes care of me.
• eliza: Who else in your family takes care of you?
• young woman: My father.
• eliza: Your father.
• young woman: You are like my father in some ways.
• a conversation between eliza and a young woman
• young woman: Men are all alike.
• eliza: In what way?
• young woman: They're always bugging us about something specific or other.
• eliza: Can you think of a specific example?
• young woman: Well, my boyfriend made me come here.
• eliza: Your boyfriend made you come here?
• young woman: He says I'm depressed much of the time.
• eliza: I am sorry to hear you are depressed.
• young woman: It's true. I'm unhappy.
• eliza: Do you think coming here will help you not to be unhappy?
• young woman: I need some help, that much seems certain.
• eliza: What would it mean to you if you got some help?
• young woman: Perhaps I could learn to get along with my mother.
• eliza: Tell me more about your family.
• young woman: My mother takes care of me.
• eliza: Who else in your family takes care of you?
• young woman: My father.
• eliza: Your father.
• young woman: You are like my father in some ways.
 Early AI
Lots of Optimism
Promised the world?
Language Translation (during and post war
demand)
Problem Solving – general logic, geometric,
games

The “Perceptron” – model of a neuron

 Early AI
Lots of Optimism
Promised the world?

Handwriting Recognition
 Early AI
Lots of Optimism
Promised the world?

Problem Solving:
General logic, games
Visions of the future
 But …
• Hubert Dreyfus, in “What
Computers Can't Do” 1972
• Machine Translation
couldn’t cope with context
• Handwriting only worked
on “easy” examples
• Chess was still dominated
by Humans
Nevertheless interesting discoveries / tools:

• Deeper understanding of language

• Foundations for later developments:
– Neural Models
– Expert Systems
Expert Systems 1970s-Present
Since the 70s computers got bigger & faster:

Deep Blue 1997

Since the 70s computers got bigger & faster:

Deep Blue 1997

… and we learnt lots about the brain:

Deep Blue 1997

… and algorithms and models got better:

Deep Blue 1997

 Neural Networks & “Connectionism”
“Lesion Studies” showed
recovery of damaged brains
Connectionism focusses on
distributed processing
Graceful Degradation
Ability to adapt & generalise
Assimilate new information
 AI: Where are we at?
What has been easy and what has been hard?
 AI: Where are we at?
What has been easy and what has been hard?

Pattern Recognition
Reasoning
Sensing & Responding
 AI: Physical & Responsive
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNZPRsrwumQ
AI: Learning Logic and Game Playing
AI: Sensing & Recognition
Face Recognition Software
https://www.visagetechnologies.com/HTML5/latest/Sam
ples/ShowcaseDemo/ShowcaseDemo.html
Face Recognition Software
https://www.visagetechnologies.com/HTML5/latest/Sam
ples/ShowcaseDemo/ShowcaseDemo.html
Face Recognition Software
https://www.visagetechnologies.com/HTML5/latest/Sam
ples/ShowcaseDemo/ShowcaseDemo.html
 AI: Reading & Reasoning
IBM’s WATSON on gameshow “Jeopardy”
AI: Medicine / Law / Science / Art
 AI: Where are we at?
What has been easy and what has been hard?

Language & Turing Test

Creativity & Limits of Learning
 AI: Language
What has been easy and what has been hard?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnzlbyTZsQY
AI Chatbot: Cleverbot
AI: Learning to Write
 AI: Where are we at?
Writing
AI: Learning to Recognise
 The Module
• Clustering
• Classification
• Neural Networks
• Vision / Image Analysis (Yongmin Li)
• Expert Systems
• Deep Learning for Images (Alina Miron)
• Deep Learning for Text (Alina Miron)
• Bayesian Networks
• Time Series / Sequence Models
• AI in Society
 Labs & Assessment
• Many topics will have an associated lab
• 3 of these will be assessed by a GTA
– Clustering
– Classification
– Neural Networks
– All labs use R & PYTHON
 COVID, Labs & Assessment
• Urge as many students as possible to use their own
laptops.
– Please install R from:
https://cran.r-project.org/
– And Rstudio from:
https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/

• All assessed labs will involve a 1-1 viva with a GTA

– Conducted via several Zoom meeting rooms
– When you click on a viva room, you will need to register
– You will enter a waiting room and when the GTA is free you
will undergo a share-screen 1-1 viva
 Assessed Labs
Clustering, Classification, Neural Networks
To pass these labs:
1) Submit your commented .R file (this can be done via the Labs folder on BB)
2) During the lab sessions click on one of the links below to enter the waiting
room to be viva'd by a GTA via zoom:

https://bruneluniversity.zoom.us/j/94237462734
https://bruneluniversity.zoom.us/j/98075982868
https://bruneluniversity.zoom.us/j/96542921718
https://bruneluniversity.zoom.us/j/95378996860
https://bruneluniversity.zoom.us/j/98621442487

Password : “alanturing”
 Reading

+ journal papers etc.