Haulage in Mines

255
nce To
Resistance T Motion: This is composed of two main

factors
al resistance due to the gradient = G, and
p)resistance due to thefriction = F.

A third factor resistance due to acceleration = P is

disregarded in most haulage problems asuming a train running
at uniform spee But in case locomotives this is an important
factor and can not be ignored.
On a level road, the only resistance to be overcome is
that due to the friction of the moving parts.
On an adverse gradient (uphill), the resistance G due to
the gradient must be added to the frictional resistance F. But
on a gavourable gradient (downhill) the resistance G becomes
an assisting effect which must be deducted from F in order to
find the net resistance.
FORMULATE FOR ROPE HAULAGES
Resistance due to friction ( Running Resistance)
Tractive force to overcomefriction F = uw Kgs.

For coal tubs a =

56
resistance = r = 18 Kgs/Tonne
Running
For large mine cars with roller bearings =150
=
r =
65 Kgs/Tonne.
.Running resistance
Rope friction
Rope friction th of the weight of the rope
rope
Size and Weight of haulage
For ordinary standard rope
0.63 C tonnes= Rope Tension X Factor
Breaking load of rope
=

of safety
0.04C kgs/metre
Weight of rope
circumference of rope in cms.
where C =

Factor of Safety for haulage Rope usually varies from 6 to 8

to Gradeint
Resistance due
to gradient= G= WX =
Wi Kas
Resistance due
 Haulage And Winding
Mine Pumps,
256 as 1 in n
expressed
i = gradient
Where =
various symbols to be Used
calculations
the
ar
In haulage
full tube in Kgs.
Gross weight of
W tubs in Kgs.
w = Weight of emty
in Kgs.
W.= weight of rope
as 1 in n
i gradient
Co-efficient of friction of tubs,
Co-efficeint
friction of rope.
, tubs = Wi Kgs.
Gradient resistance
ofull
G tube = Wi Kgs.
grdient
resistance ofempty
g =
w,iKgs
9gradient resistance
of rope
W Kgs.
F friction of full tubs
= 4w Kgs.
f = friction of empty tubs
friction of rope
4W, Kgs
f1
PROBLEMSS
HAULAGE
DIRECT ROPE

1. Haulage engine
installed at the top of an incline
loaded tubs are
hauled up the incline
In this case

Tractive effort G +
F*9, +f, Kgs.
:
installed at the bottonof an incline
2. Haulage engine incline.
hauled up the
In this c a s e empty tubs are
Tractive effort = g +f+ 2f, kgs.
Double-drum balanced haulage
3. Direct-rope
Tractive effort G (coal) + F +f+9,*,
H.P = Tractive effortin Kgs X Speed in metres pe
4. rope
60X 76.12

5. (a) B.H.P of motor = Rope H.P

Gear efficiency
per

(b) K.W. of motor = T.E. in Kgs. X Speed in metres Efficiency

60X 102 X
E I Cos
6 (a) 3 phase motor V3
Power in watts for
Where E = voltage; I = current in emperas.
cOs power factor.
(b) 1 HP 7 4 6 watts = 0.746 K.W.
 Haulage in Mines
257
Leila nCy, ifif not stated, may be taken as 75 %
efficiency,
not.
Motor sfficisney
Gesr
aken as 95 %.
maybe tak Haulage speed for direct
rope haulageis
UBually 12 km. per hour or 200 metres per minuts

Problem 1. direct rope haulage systen is to be used in a dri

e 1000 m long which dips at 1 in 4 against the load An outpu
af 700 tonnes per shift of 7 hours hauling time is to be ottaine
The maximum speed of the haulage will be 15 km/hour. Determine te
Qumber of trams per set required if the trams hold 2 tonnes of cosa

Answer: Speed of the haulage 15 km/hr 15000 250 m per

minute 80
Time required for full journey = 100 = 4 minutes
250
Time required for empty journey =
4 minutes
Timerequired for changing and delays = 4 minutes

Total time for one complete trip 1 2 minutes

Number oof comeplete trips per hour = = 5

12

Coal to be handled per hour = = 100 tonnes

7
100 20 tonnes
Coal to be handled per trip =
5

Number of trams required

per set =20= 10o

rope haulage using 2 cm dia. rope

Problem 2. A 50 H.P. direct
deals with of 100 t o n n e s per sni (4 hcurs effective
output
an
road sO0 metres in length, dippi
hauling time ) along a hauling
1 in 7. Assuming your own other
d a t a caiculate the number of c
will allow to be attached to the haulage
tubs that you
tonne capacity
onne cap
empty sets.
ope in the loaded and

speed
ot haulage 12 km/hour
Answer: Assuming the
12000= 200 metres per minute
or
60
 And Windina9
Mine Pumps, Haulage
258

full journey =AB=

0
for say. 3
say.
Time required 200 minutes
Time required for inbye empties 3 minute
Time required for changing and delays =
66 minu
minute
Total time for one complete trip 12 minute

Number of trips per hour = 60 5 5

12

100 tonnes 25 tonnes

per hour
4

Output hrs. effective

Output per trip 2= 5 tonnes

5

Number of 0.8 tonne capacity t u b s 0.8 = say. 7

= Number of empty tubs.

Problems 3. 650 tonnes of coal shift will have to be hauled u

from an incline 1000 m long. Calculate the size of the rope an
caol carried per effective pay journey on the basis of thee

following
Tare wt./ car 1.25 tonnes
Capacity/ Car 3 tonnes of coal
Speed 20 km/ hour
Inclination 1 in 10
Assumptions to be accepted which are standard.
Answer: Assumptions-

Co-efficient of friction of cars

56
56

Factor of safety of rope 10

Speed 20 km/hour 20 X1000 333 metres/minue

= 333 metres/min
60
coal to be hauled up per shift =
tonnes
650
coa
Ifeffective hauling time is 6 hours during a shift, ne
to be hauled per hour 650
6.5
=
100 tonnes.
 Haulage in Mines
259

Time required for full journey 1000 3 min

333
Time required for empty journey = 3 min.
Time required for
changing and delays 6 min. =

Total time for 1 complete

trip 12 Minutes
Number of trips per hour = =
5 trips.
12
Coal to be handled per trip 100 tonnes
5
= 20 t n n e s .

Number of cars required per set =

20= say, 7
3
Tension in full rope =
G +F
7 (3+ 1.25) 7(3+ 1.25) 29.75 29.75
10 56 10 56
say, 4 tonnes allowing for rope.
Breaking load of rope = 0.63C2
Tension in full rope X factor of safety =
4 X 10 =
40 tns
Circumference of rope, C 40 7.97
cms cms =TD
0.63

Diameter of rope = D 79I X7 = 2.54 cms.

22