Histogram plots

Image quality assessment tool

• Histogram gives a useful summary of
distribution of grey levels in an image.
• Plotting the frequency of occurrence of
various grey levels gives the distribution of
grey levels.
• Also provides the global description of
appearance of image
• X-axis : grey level values
• Y-axis: no. of pixels having that intensity
Module 2: Multiple Views and Image Enhancement
Histogram processing

Figure 14: Image contrast and brightness assessment from imagehistogram.

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 Solved problem
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Consider the image given , plot the histogram based on frequency of grey
levels.
 Histogram based on frequency
PIXELS FREQUENCY
0 0
1 12
2 26
3 5
4 7
5 12
6 12
7 6
Total =80
Histogram plot
 Histogram based on probability of
occurrence
• If the present image is a digital image of size
NxN with grey levels in the range [0, L-1],
p(rk) = nk/N
Where
rk - kth grey level , k= 0,1,2…L-1
nk – number of pixels with grey level rk
N-total number of pixels in the image
pixel Probability
0 0/80=0
1 12/80 =0.15
2 26/80=0.325
3 5/80=0.0625
4 7/80=0.0875
5 12/80=0.15
6 12/80=0.15
7 6/80=0.075
Histogram plot
 Example
• Plot the histogram based on (a) frequency of
grey levels (b) probability of occurance

4 4 5 5
6 6 7 1
5 2 3 1
4 5 2 3
 Module 2: Multiple Views and Image Enhancement
Practice Question 2.2
Suppose that a 3-bit image of size 64 × 64 pixels has the intensity
distribution shown in Figure 15. Enhance the image using histogram
equalization technique. Comment on the histogram of the output image.

Figure 15: Intensity distribution and histogram values for a 64 × 64 digital image.

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