Body Defenses

Functions of Cells and Molecules Involved in Immunity

ELEMENTS Functions in the immune response
A. Cells
Beta cell makes insulin
Plasma cell makes large amounts of a specific antibody
Helper T cell help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to
destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic
T cells to kill infected target cells.
Killer T cell find and destroy infected cells that have been turned into virus-
making factories; they attack specific foreign particles.
Suppressor T cell blocks the actions of some other types of lymphocytes, to keep
the immune system from becoming over-active.
Memory cell capable of recognizing foreign particles they were previously
exposed to
Macrophage eliminate diseased and damaged cells through their
programmed cell death; respond to tissue invasion by infectious
microorganisms and tissue injury through various scavenger,
pattern recognition and phagocytic receptors
B. Molecules
Antibody specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such
(immunoglobulin) as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction.
Lymphokines attract additional immune cells to mount an immune response,
for instance in stimulating B cells to generate antibodies against
the invading pathogen.
Monokines Function as chemoattractant which guide neutrophil migration
Complement augments the opsonization of bacteria by antibodies and allows
antibodies to kill some bacteria.
Antigen stimulates an immune response by activating leukocytes (white
blood cells) that fight disease. 
FB
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