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co

1. The unit of relative permeability is ?

  A. Henry B. Henry/m
  C. Henry/sq.m D. It has no dimension
2. What is the function of Parathyroid glands?
  A. Control body’s potassium level B. Control body’s Calcium level
  C. Control body’s blood flow D. Control body balance
3. What happen when salt dissolved water is heated?
  A. There is no change in the boiling point B. Increase in the boiling point
  C. Boiling point decreases D. None of the above
4. Who becomes 3rd batsman to hit 6 sixes in an over in international cricket?
  A. Kieron Pollard B. Babar Azam
  C. Chris Gayle D. Aron Finch
  E. Stive Smith
5. Consider the following statements.

1) The area or boundary of any state can by altered by Parliament.

2) The name of the state can be altered by its own State Legislature.

Options-
  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 & 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
6. Who has been conferred with the Gandhi Peace Prize for the year 2020?
  A. Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said B. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
  C. Donald Trump D. Yohei Sasakawa
  E. Aung San Suu Kyi
7. The rank of Commander of the Indian Navy is equivalent of which one of the following?
  A. Major of the Indian Army B. Group Captain in the Indian Air Force
  C. Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian Army D. Squadron Leader of the Indian Air Force
8. Bacteria follow an asexual mode of reproduction called_______?
  A. Host Site reproduction B. Binary Fission
  C. Fragmentation D. Agamogenesis
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9. What is the full form of LASER?

A. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
  B. Light Atmosphere by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Radiation
C. Light Amplification by Saturation Emission of D. Long Amplification by Saturation Emission of
 
Radiation Radiation
E. None of the above/
 
More than one of the above
10. Why atoms have no electric charge?
B. Because they have equal number of electrons and
  A. Because they have have neutrons in their nuclei.
proton.
C. Because they have an equal number of charged and D. Because they have an equal number of neutrons and
 
non charged particles. protons.
11. Blue Vitriol is another name for which of the following?
  A. Copper Sulphate B. Oxygen
  C. Copper D. Magnesium Oxide
12. Which of the following is aldehyde?
  A. Propine B. Propanone
  C. Propenal D. Propanol
13. Which among the following is/are elements of concept of rule of law in India?

1) Absence of arbitrary power.

2) Equality before law.

3) Constitution as source of individual rights.

Options-
  A. 1 & 2 only B. 2 only
  C. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & 3
14. The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are ________ in nature.
  A. Neutral B. Acidic
  C. Basic D. All of the above
15. Which of the following is/are the reasons of creation of Union Territories of India?
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1) Cultural distinctiveness

2) Strategic importance

3) Linguistic organisation

Options-
  A. 1 & 2 only B. 2 only
  C. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & 3
16. What is the taste of bases?
  A. Sweet B. Salty
  C. Bitter D. Pungent
17. Which of the following military Exercise is not conducted between India Bangladesh?
  A. Exercise Sampriti B. Exercise Samvedna
  C. IN-BN Bilat D. Exercise Ekatha
18. Who wrote the Panchatantra?
  A. Munshi Premchand B. Vishnu Sharma
  C. Panini D. Vishakhadatta
19. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
  A. National Defence College: New Delhi B. Indian National Defence University: Gurugram
  C. College of Defence Management: Pune D. Defence Services Staff College: Wellington
20. The product of pressure and volume of ideal gas is ___________.
  A. Directly proportional to Temperature B. Inversely proportional to Temperature
  C. Approximately equal to ideal gas constant D. Both B and C
21. With which the “Operation Thiruvallur” is associated with that was launched by the Indian Army recently?
  A. Disposal of unexploded ordnance B. Hunting of Extremist
  C. Save life and city from deadly cyclone D. Counter terrorism Operation
  E. Joint Military Exercise with Sri Lanka
22. What is the ratio of inertial mass to gravitational mass?
  A. 1 B. 2
  C. 1/2 D. 4
23. Which country is building world's first platypus sanctuary to promote breeding and rehabilitation as the duck-billed
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mammal faces extinction due to climate change?

  A. Denmark B. New Zealand
  C. Australia D. France
  E. Iceland
24. Actinides are ______________.
  A. Non Metals B. Inorganic Salts
  C. Radio Active elements D. Non Radio Active elements
25. Emulsion is a dispersion of _______
  A. Gas in liquid B. Solid in liquid
  C. Liquid in liquid D. All of these
26. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the right of Protection of Life and Personal Liberty?
A. It is available against arbitrary executive action and B. It can be suspended during the operation of National
 
arbitrary legislative action. Emergency due to external aggression.
C. Right to life under this article provides for passive
  D. This Right has been expanded by the Supreme Court.
euthanasia not for active euthanasia.
27. The writ of certiorari can be issued against which of the following?
  A. Against any quasi-judicial or judicial authority B. Against a minister
  C. A person exercising solely administrative powers D. All of the above
28. The Doctrine of rarest of the rare case was established in which case?
  A. Prajeet Kumar Singh vs State of Bihar B. Shankar Kisanrao Khade vs State of Maharashtra
  C. Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan vs State of Maharashtra D. Bacchan vs State of Punjab
29. World's first ship tunnel, is being built in which country?
  A. Norway B. Sweden
  C. Denmark D. Germany
  E. France
30. Which acid plays vital role in stomach in digestion process?
  A. Sulphuric Acid B. Phosphoric acid
  C. Hydrochloric acid D. Acetic acid
31. The total number of lines in a magnetic field is called_______?
  A. Magnetic Flux B. Magnetic Flux density
  C. Magnetic Flux intensity D. Magnetic Potential
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32. Consider the following statements:

1). ‘Rigid Constitution’ is the Constitutional character of Indian Federalism.

2). In SR Bommai vs Union of India case of 1994, Supreme Court held federalism as a part of the basic structure of
the Indian Constitution.

Select the correct answer from given below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
33. Adam Smith is related to which discipline?
  A. Biology B. Environment
  C. History D. Economics
34. Which chemical is used to preserve the fruit juice?
  A. Sodium benzoate B. Acetic acid
  C. Aluminium oxide D. Ethylene glycol
35. Which of the following is not a Plant hormone?
  A. Abscisic acid B. Cytokinin
  C. Gibberellins D. Collagen
36. Which of the following statements is not correct with respect to Pitts India Act of 1784?
A. It distinguished between the commercial and political B. It provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court at
 
functions of the Company. Calcutta.
D. The territories in India were for the first time called
  C. It created a new body called Board of Control.
‘British Possessions in India’
37. Which of the following is an application of Doppler effect?
  A. Medical Imaging B. Astronomy
  C. Radar D. All the above
38. Which force acts as acceleration of the freely falling object?
  A. Gravitational force B. Friction force
  C. Tension force D. Applied force
E. None of the above/
 
More than one of the above
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39. Which of these bones is NOT a part of the human ear?

  A. Malleus B. Incus
  C. Femur D. Stapes
40. Consider the following statements:

1). The power of adjournment sine die lies with the presiding officer of the House.

2). Adjournment sine die suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks.

Select the correct answer from given below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
41. Which of the following committees of Constituent Assembly were headed by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru?

1) Provincial Constitution Committee

2) Union Constitution Committee

3) Union Powers Committee

Options-
  A. 1 & 2 only B. 2 & 3 only
  C. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & 3
42. Chloroplast are important in
  A. Excretion B. Respiration
  C. Food Synthesis D. All of Above
43. Which of the following is not an Organisation related to Space?
  A. ISRO B. NASA
  C. SUPARCO D. SAARC
44. Purity of a metal can be determined by which of the following methods?
  A. Archimedes Principle B. Conservation of mass principle
  C. Momentum conservation principle D. Metal purification
45. Consider the following statements regarding Original Jurisdiction of High Courts:
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1). The original jurisdiction of the High Courts does not extend to the matters of admiralty and probate.

2). Article 226 of the Indian Constitution vests in the High Court the power to issue writs for the restoration of
Fundamental Rights.

Select the correct answer from given below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
46. Consider the following statements with regard to the Preamble to Indian Constitution.

1) Its provisions are enforceable in courts of law.

2) It is not a source of power to the legislature.

Options-
  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 & 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
47. The Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity originated from which country?
  A. Canada B. US
  C. Australia D. UK
48. Which country has developed world’s most powerful supercomputer ‘Fugaku’?
  A. China B. South Korea
  C. Japan D. Philippines
  E. Russia
49. RBI came out with 5-pillared strategic approach 'GUARD' to deal with cybersecurity threats being faced by urban
cooperative banks (UCBs). What does A stands for in GUARD?
  A. Asset Liability Management B. Acquisition and Supervision
  C. Appropriate Regulation and Supervision D. Accounting risk
  E. Adverse selection
50. Who has been appointed as the new Chief Statistician of India for a period of two years?
  A. Kshatrapati Shivaji B. G P Samanta
  C. Pravin Srivastava D. Sudhakar Deshmukh
  E. Sumitra Desai
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51. Bryophytes are which type of plants?

  A. Vascular B. Non Vascular
  C. Flowering Plants D. Both A & B
52. The Portfolio system in the cabinet was introduced by which act?
  A. The Charter Act, 1833 B. Indian Council Act, 1861
  C. Indian Council Act, 1892 D. Indian Council Act, 1909
53. Which of the following elements has the lowest melting point?
  A. Platinum B. Sodium
  C. Antimony D. Krypton
54. Where do the chromosomes present in an animal cell?
  A. Nucleus B. Mitochondria
  C. Lysosomes D. Cell wall
55. According to the ‘Ease of Living Index 2020’ released by the Government of India (GoI) which city has been
adjudged as the most liveable city in India among million-plus population category?
  A. Pune B. Ahmedabad
  C. Bengaluru D. Chennai
  E. Surat
56. The idea of Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution was inspired by which of the following documents?

1) Government of India Act, 1935

2) Nehru Report

3) United States Bill of Rights

Options-
  A. 1 & 2 only B. 2 & 3 only
  C. 3 only D. 1, 2 & 3
57. Which of the following Schedules of the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority of the Parliament?

1) Second Schedule

2) Fourth Schedule
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3) Fifth Schedule

4) Seventh Schedule

Options-
  A. 1 & 2 only B. 2 & 3 only
  C. 3 & 4 only D. 1 & 3 only
58. Consider the following forms of government, identify non-democratic forms of government.

1) Monarchy

2) Oligarchy

3) Technocracy

4) Theocracy

Options-
  A. 1 & 2 only B. 2, 3 & 4 only
  C. 1, 3 & 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 & 4
59. When do the attractive forces among gas molecules become more?
  A. High pressure and low temperature B. High Pressure only
  C. High temperature only D. Low temperature only
60. Which ministry has convened the 5th Asia Economic Dialogue (AED) 2021 in association with India and Pune
International Centre (PIC) on the theme “Post Covid-19 Global Trade and Finance Dynamics”?
  A. Ministry of External Affairs B. Ministry of Finance
  C. Ministry of Home Affairs D. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
  E. Ministry of Defence
61. Maitri Setu has been built over which river that connects Sabroom in India with Ramgarh in Bangladesh?
  A. Hooghly B. Brahmaputra
  C. Subansiri D. Feni
  E. Madhuri
62. A democratic system of governance based on circle organization and double-linked representation is known as
  A. Radical Democracy B. Guided Democracy
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  C. Sociocracy D. Interactive Democracy

63. ‘Nitrous Oxide’ is the chemical name of _____.
  A. Tear Gas B. Fire Extinguisher
  C. Laughing Gas D. Mosquito Repellent
64. The ability of a material to conduct magnetic flux through it is ?
  A. Electromagnetism B. Conductivity
  C. Permeability D. None of them
65. Melamine is which type of polymer?
  A. Linear B. Branched
  C. Cross linked D. None
66. Which article states that “No tax shall be levied or collected except by the authority of law”?
  A. Article 266 B. Article 267
  C. Article 265 D. Article 264
67. The enforcement of Fundamental Rights is guaranteed under which article?
  A. Article 21 B. Article 13
  C. Article 32 D. Article 141
68. What is the theme of World Water Day 2021 which is observed every year on 22nd March?
  A. Water is Life B. Valuing Water Conservation
  C. Valuing Water D. Nature for Water
  E. Valuing Water Harvesting
69. Which of the following statements is not true about The New Development Bank (NDB)?
  A. It is established by The BRICS states. B. The Bank shall support public or private projects.
C. The bank does not provide technical assistance for
  D. The bank is headquartered in Shanghai, China.
projects to be supported by the Bank.
70. Which amongst the following organisations created IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)?
  A. United Nations Environment Programme B. World Meteorological Organization
  C. Both a and b D. None of these
71. Which of the following was not a reason for split between moderates and extremists within Congress at Surat?
A. Ideological differences between moderates and B. Differences regarding election of President of Congress
 
extremists session
  C. Shifting of Venue of Congress session from Nagpur to D. Expansion of the legislative council by the Indian
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Surat Council Act, 1892

72. Consider the following statements regarding Parsi Reform Movements in India:

1) Behramji M. Malabari founded the Sevasadan in the year 1885.

2) Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha played a crucial role against the orthodox practices in the Parsi religion.

Which among the above sentences is incorrect?

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
73. Which among the following gases have the highest Global Warming Potential?
  A. Methane B. Carbon-di-oxide
  C. Sulphur Hexafluoride D. Nitrous Oxide
74. The Panchsheel agreement was signed between India & China in which year?
  A. 1952 B. 1953
  C. 1954 D. 1955
75. Assertion (A): The Indian cotton weavers suffered due to the imports from Manchester.

Reason (R): With the Civil War in America, the cotton supplies from the United States to Britain increased.

Codes:
A. If both A & R are individually true, and R is the B. If both A & R are individually true, but R is not the
 
correct explanation of A correct explanation of A
  C. A is true, but R is false D. A is false, but R is true
76. Which among the following statements is/are correct regarding the Farming types?

1. Extensive farming covers over 50% of farming practice done in every state in India.

2. In subsistence farming, the entire production is for only consumption not for sell purpose.

Select the right answer from the codes given below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
77. Which country is the largest producer of Mica in the world?
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  A. India B. China
  C. Australia D. Canada
  E. None of the Above/More than one of the above
78. Which of the following statement is/are correct?

1) BPL Census is conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

2) The proportion of the population below the poverty line is called the headcount ratio.

Select the correct answer using the codes below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
79. Which of the following is NOT revenue expenditure?
  A. Food and fertilizer subsidy. B. Interest payments on loans from foreign agencies.
C. All grants given to state governments and Union
  D. Line of credits to neighboring countries.
territories
80. Which of the following best implies the meaning of Fiscal Policy?
A. Establishing equilibrium between demand and supply B. Monitoring and controlling inflation by the
 
of goods and services. government.
C. Use of taxation, public borrowing and public
  expenditure by Government for purposes of stabilization D. Ensuring exchange rate stability and GDP growth.
or development.
81. The Mahamastakabhisheka tradition is related to which among the following religion?
  A. Buddhism B. Jain
  C. Sikh D. Hindu
82. Match the following in column I (Tribes and Races) with column II (Region):

Column I

1). Kaffris

2). Cossacks

3). Gorkhas
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4). Nipponese

Column II

a. Nepal

b. Japan

c. South Africa

d. Russia
  A. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b B. 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
  C. 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b D. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
83. The Oort Cloud in the solar system is a reservoir of which object?
  A. Trans-Jupiter B. Trans-Neptune
  C. Trans-Uranus D. Trans-Saturn
84. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

Organization
1) International Maritime Organization
2) Wild Life Crime Control Bureau
3) Central Zoo Authority
4) International Solar Alliance

Headquarters
A) London
B) Chennai
C) New Delhi
D) Gurugram

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

  A. 2, 3 and 4 only B. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
  C. 1, 3, and 4 only D. 1 and 2 only
85. Consider the following statements:
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1) The founder of Tarana was Amir Khusro.

2) Tansen was one among the nine gems of Akbar's court.

Which among the above statements is/are correct?

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
86. Match the following in column I (wetlands in India) with column II (States in India):

Column I

1). Rudrasagar

2). Pongdam

3). Kolleru

4). Ashtamudi

Column II

a. Himachal Pradesh

b. Tripura

c. Andhra Pradesh

d. Kerala
  A. 1 – d, 2 – b, 3 – a, 4 – c B. 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – d
  C. 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – b, 4 – c D. 1 – b, 2 – d, 3 – a, 4 – c
87. Consider the following statements:

1). Primary succession does not occur in an area without any initial vegetation.

2). The pioneer species in primary succession are mainly algae and fungi, followed by lichens.

Select the correct code from below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
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  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

88. The first-ever great expansion of Islam into India came during the reign of which dynasty?
  A. Saffarid Dynasty B. Samanid Dynasty
  C. Ghurid Dynasty D. Umayyad Dynasty
89. Which among the following is incorrect with respect to the similarities among the Hindustani and Carnatic Music in
the medieval period?
B. Both the music evolved with the Sanskrit language
  A. Both the music had a deep association with religion.
scripts in itself.
C. The central notions in both kinds of music is that of a
  D. Both the music focused on vocal music.
melodic mode/raga, sung to a rhythmic cycle/tala.
90. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

  A. A-3 B-2 C-1 D-4 B. A-4 B-1 C-2 D-3

  C. A-4 B-2 C-1 D-3 D. A-3 B-1 C-2 D-4
91. Badland topography and Sand dunes are which type of landforms?
A. Water Eroded Arid Landforms and Wind Eroded Arid B. Wind Eroded Arid Landforms and Water Eroded Arid
 
Landforms Landforms
C. Depositional Arid Landforms and Water Eroded Arid D. Water Eroded Arid Landforms and Depositional Arid
 
Landforms Landforms
E.
 
None of the above/More than one of the above
92. Which of the following statement is incorrect about the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1858?
A. A council total of 10 members was appointed to assist B. The Indian territories of Britain were to be now
 
the Secretary of State for India. governed in the name of the British Queen.
C. This act scraped the dual government of the Pitt's India D. The Viceroy & the governors of the various
 
Act and the doctrine of lapse. presidencies were appointed by the Crown.
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93. Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report is released by:

  A. United Nation B. World Economic Forum
  C. World Bank D. International Monetary Fund
94. Consider the following statements about the Jyotirao Phule:

1) In the year 1873, Jyotirao Phule founded the Society of seekers of Truth.

2) Tritiya Ratna was one of the famous works of Jyotirao Phule.

Which among the above sentences is/are correct?

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
95. The plan period of Eleventh Five Year Plan was
  A. 2004-09 B. 2005-10
  C. 2006- 11 D. 2007- 12
96. Which Sultan ordered the invasion of China?
  A. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq B. Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq
  C. Firuz Shah Tughlaq D. Nasir ud-Din Nusrat Shah Tughlaq
97. Which among the following statements is correct regarding Gandhi’s concept of religion?
A. Sanatan Dharma shall be the guiding principle for all
  B. No single religion shall dominate the other religions.
religions.
C. Gandhi was in favour of the deployment of religious
  D. None of the above
language in political life.
98. Who among the following was not a member of the Constituent Assembly?
  A. Usha Mehta B. Durgabai Deshmukh
  C. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur D. Hansa Jivraj Mehta
99. Miri hills belongs to -
  A. Arunachal Pradesh B. Nepal
  C. Assam D. Uttarakhand
100. Which of the following is not included in Brown Revolution?
  A. Leather B. Non-Conventional Products
  C. Onion D. Cocoa
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101. Which of the following is widely used as a macroeconomic indicator of inflation?

  A. Wholesale Price Index (WPI) B. Consumer Price Indices (CPI)
  C. The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) D. None of the above
102. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1) A Kuznets curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or wealth within a population.

2) More the Ginni coefficient, higher the inequality.

  A. Only 1 B. Only 2
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
103. Which among the following tributaries is/are correctly matched?

1) Tamur - Kosi tributary

2) Sarda - Ghaghara tributary

3) Kali Sindh - Chambal tributary

Select the correct code from given below:

  A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only
  C. 1 and 3 only D. All are correct
104. Who among the following introduced English medium education in India?
  A. Lord Wellesley B. Lord Warren Hastings
  C. Lord Dalhousie D. Lord Macaulay
105. With reference to the marine species Dugong, consider the following statements:

1) It is also called “Sea Cow”.

2) This is found throughout the cold latitudes of the Arctic Ocean.

3) They are protected in India under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only
  C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
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106. Which of the following is NOT responsible for increase in the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
  A. Productivity of the ecosystem B. Intermediate-disturbance
  C. Age of the ecosystem D. Less number of nutrition levels
  E. None of the above/More than one of the above
107. In the context of Ancient India, Brahmadeya referred to which of the following?
  A. Land grants to Brahmins B. Sacrifices made to God
  C. Settlement of Priests D. Materials gifted to the priests for performing yajnas
108. Which among the following are the reasons for the decline of the Maratha empire?

1) Internal and military weakness of the Marathas

2) Jagirdari system decline during the Maratha war of independence

3) Incapable Leadership of Marathas

Select the correct answer from given below:

  A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only
  C. 1 and 3 only D. All of the above
109. Which among the following is/are correctly matched with respect to local winds?

1. Bora wind - Cold wind

2. Zonda wind - Cold wind

3. Sirocco - Warm wind

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3
110. Consider the following statements:

1). The Peninsular plateau is a tableland comprised of the metamorphic, amorphous and igneous rocks.

2). The Peninsular plateau has broad and shallow valleys.

Select the correct code from below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
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  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

111. Lee Commission was appointed during the tenure of which Governor-General?
  A. Lord Hardinge B. Lord Willingdon
  C. Lord Reading D. Lord Irwin
112. Consider the following statements:

1). Both horst and graben are always formed together.

2). A horst is a down-dropped block lying between two steep-angled fault blocks.

Select the correct code from below:

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2
113. On which day Mahatma Gandhi broke ‘the salt law’ at Dandi?
  A. 12th March 1930 B. 20th March 1930
  C. 01st April 1930 D. 06th April 1930
114. Which one of the following statements is not correct:
A. Switzerland has been ranked as the most innovative B. India has been ranked in the top 40 nations in the
 
economy Global Innovation Index, 2020
C. Global Innovation Index is published by World
  D. Indian innovation index is released by NITI Aayog
Intellectual Property Organization
115. Which African country does not touch the Saharan Desert?
  A. Chad B. Niger
  C. Ethiopia D. Tunisia
116. Which among the following statements is incorrect regarding the Kol Rebellion?
B. Kols were one among the tribes of the Chhotanagpur
  A. Kol Rebellion took place in the year 1842
area.
C. The Kol Rebellion was quite intense that the troops had
  to be called in from Calcutta & Benares to crush the D. None of the above.
rebellion.
117. Consider the following stages in demographic and human development of a country.
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1) Low birth rate and low death rate

2) High birth rate and high death rate

3) High birth rate and low death rate

Which of the following order is correct?

  A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 1, 3
  C. 2, 3, 1 D. 1, 3, 2
118. How many members does the Monetary Policy Committee consist of?
  A. 5 B. 3
  C. 6 D. 10
119. Consider the following statements regarding the Westerlies:

1) Westerlies blow from higher latitudes to lower latitudes.

2) Westerlies are also known by the name ‘Roaring forties’ in the 40 Degree latitude.

Which among the following above statements is/are correct?

  A. 1 only B. 2 only
  C. Both are correct D. Both are incorrect
120. Assertion (A): Cotton growing area and its production got increased manifold with the gradual rule of British in
India.

Reason (R): The Commercialisation of agriculture was broadly accepted by the majority of Indian peasants.
A. Both A & R are individually right, and R is the correct B. Both A & R are individually right, but R is the wrong
 
explanation of A explanation of A
  C. A is right, but R is wrong D. A is wrong, but R is right
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Solutions
1. D
Sol. ● Relative permeability has no dimension.
● It is the ratio of permeability of the material to the permeability of free
space.
● Henry is a unit of Inductance.
2. B
Sol. • The function of Parathyroid gland is to control the Calcium level of body.

• Normal parathyroid glands work like the thermostat in your home to keep blood calcium levels in a very tightly
controlled range. Proper calcium balance is crucial to the normal functioning of the heart, nervous system, kidneys,
and bones.

• Hyperparathyroidism is the state in which there is excess parathyroid hormone circulating or increase in Calcium
circulation.

• The state of decreased parathyroid activity is known as hypoparathyroidism.

3. B
Sol. • Boiling-point elevation describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid (a
solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher
boiling point than a pure solvent.

• This happens whenever a non-volatile solute, such as a salt, is added to a pure solvent,
such as water its boiling point increase due to the impurities present in it.

4. A
Sol. • West Indies superstar cricketer Kieron Pollard has become just the third batsman in
international cricket to hit 6 sixes in an over.
• Pollard achieved the feat when he hit Sri Lanka's Akila Dananjaya out of the park 6 times in
the 6th over of West Indies' successful chase in the first T20I at the Coolidge Cricket Ground
in Antigua.
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• KIeron Pollard joins World Cup-winning former India all-rounder Yuvraj Singh as the only
other batsman to hit 6 sixes in an over in T20I cricket.
• At the international level, it was former South Africa opener Herschelle Gibbs who achieved
the feat first -- in a World Cup 2007 match against the Netherlands.
5. A
Sol. * Article 3 of the Indian Constitution authorises the Parliament to :-
* form a new state by separation of territory from any state or by uniting two or more states or
parts of states or by uniting any territory to a part of any state;
* increase the area of any state;
* diminish the area of any state;
* alter the boundaries of any state; and
* alter the name of any state.
* The concerned State Legislature can express its views regarding the above to the President,
but it is not binding.

6. B
Sol. • The Gandhi Peace Prize for the year 2020 is being conferred on Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman
• The Gandhi Peace Prize is an annual award instituted by government of India since 1995,
the 125th birth anniversary commemoration year of Mahatma Gandhi. The award is open to all
people regardless of nationality, race, language, caste, creed or sex.
• The award carries an amount of Rs 1 crore, a citation, plaque and an exquisite traditional
handicraft/handloom item.
• The jury for Gandhi Peace Prize is chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and comprises
of two ex-officio members, namely the chief justice of India and leader of the single largest
opposition party in the Lok Sabha.
7. C
Sol. The Rank of Commander in the Indian Navy is equivalent to Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian
Army.
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8. B
Sol. • Bacteria follow an asexual mode of reproduction called binary fission.

• In binary fission, a single bacteria divides into two daughter cells.

• Replication of DNA within parent bacterium marks the ignition of binary fission process.

• E Coli bacteria produce about 2 million bacteria per hour.

• The mutations are transferred from one bacteria to another through horizontal transmission.
9. A
Sol. ● LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

● A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of
electromagnetic radiation.

● The first LASER beam was generated in 1960 by H. Maiman.

10. B
Sol. ● Atoms have no electric charge because they have equal no.of protons and electrons that
"cancel out" each others charges.
● And Neutrons have no charge, so they don't affect the overall charge of the atom.

11. A
Sol. Copper Sulphateis the inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO₄ₓ, where x can range from 0 to 5.It is
also known as cupric sulfate or blue vitriol. Blue vitriol is older name of copper sulphate. The most commonly
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encountered salt, is bright blue.

12. C
Sol. * Propenal is an aldehyde.

* The name of aldehyde groups is generally ends with ‘al’.

* An aldehyde is a compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center
(a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any
generic alkyl or side chain. Such as

13. D
Sol. • The concept of Rule of law propounded by A.V. Dicey has the following aspects:

• Absence of arbitrary power, that is, no man can be punished except for a breach of law

• Equality before the law, that is, equal subjection of all citizens to the ordinary law of the land administered by the
ordinary law courts.

• The primacy of the rights of the individuals, that is, the constitution is the result of the rights of the individual as
defined and enforced by the courts of law rather than the constitution being the source of the individual rights.

• The first and second elements are applicable to the Indian system and not the third one. In the Indian system, the
constitution is the source of individual rights.
14. B
Sol. • Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes. Hydrolytic enzymes are acidic in nature and they down large molecules
into small molecules.

• These enzymes includes proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipases, and phosphatases.
15. A
Sol. • The union territories have been created for a variety of reasons.
• These are mentioned below:
* Political and administrative consideration—Delhi and Chandigarh.
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* Cultural distinctiveness—Pondicherry, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu.
* Strategic importance—Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep.
* Special treatment and care of the backward and tribal people—Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura
and
* Arunachal Pradesh which later became states.

16. C
Sol. • Bases are bitter and change the colour of the red litmus to blue. A base is a substance whose aqueous solution
gives hydroxide ion (OH-).

• Bases accept a proton from another substance and are the donors of a lone pair of electron. Oxides and hydroxides
of metals are strong bases. The water-soluble bases are called alkalies.
17. D
Sol. Exercise Ekatha is a joint Asymmetric Warfare Training Exercise between the Navies of India
and Maldives.

The Joint military exercises conducted between India and Bangladesh are: Exercise Sampriti,
Exercise Samvedna, IN-BN Bilat and IN-BN CORPAT.

18. B
Sol. The Panchatantra is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse
and prose, arranged within a frame story. The surviving work is dated to roughly 200 BCE –
300 CE, based on older oral tradition.

Vishnu Sharma is said to be an Indian scholar and author who is believed to have written the
Panchatantra collection of fables.
 
19. C
Sol. * The College of Defence Management is a tri-Service institution located at Secunderabad,
Telangana. It was established in December 1970 to impart management related training to the
officers of the defence forces of India.
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* The National Defence College is located at Delhi. It is the highest seat of strategic learning
for officers of the Indian Armed Forces and Indian Civil Services.

* The Indian National Defence University is a proposed university to be built at Gurugram,

Haryana.

* The Defence Services Staff College is a tri-service training institute located at Wellington
Cantonment in Tamil Nadu. The college traces its lineage to Army Staff College, established in
1905. After Independence, it became a premier training institute under Ministry of Defence.

20. A
Sol. ● The product of pressure and volume of ideal gas is directly proportional to
Temperature.
● Ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are
not subject to interparticle interactions.
 
21. A
Sol. • Indian Army’s Southern Command Troops, Pune launched “Operation Thiruvallur” in Tamil
Nadu(TN) to safely dispose of around 10 tonnes of unexploded ordnance collected by
factories. The Ministry of Defence has directed the Indian Army for conducting the operation
under the aegis of “Aid to Civil Authorities”.
• The ordnance was collected from the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu
(SIPCOT) Industrial Estate in Gummidipoondi, Thiruvallur district, TN.
• Operation Thiruvallur was initiated by the Ministry of Defence on the request of Govt. of Tamil
Nadu.
• Unexploded ordnance from a metal scrap dump were successfully neutralised by the Army
Bomb Disposal Team.
22. A
Sol. * The ratio of inertial mass to gravitational mass is 1, Because Inertial mass = gravitational
mass.
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* Inertial mass is a mass parameter giving the inertial resistance to acceleration of the body
when responding to all types of force.
* Gravitational mass is determined by the strength of the gravitational force experienced by
the body when in the gravitational field g.
 
23. C
Sol. • Australian conservationists unveiled plans to build the world’s first refuge for the platypus, to
promote breeding and rehabilitation as the duck-billed mammal faces extinction due to climate
change.
• The Taronga Conservation Society Australia and the New South Wales State government
would build the specialist facility, mostly ponds and burrows for the semi-aquatic creatures, at
a zoo 391 km (243 miles) from Sydney, by 2022, which could house up to 65 platypuses.
24. C
Sol.  
• Actinides are radioactive elements.
• The actinide is a series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic
numbers from 89 to 103.
• All actinides are radioactive and release energy upon radioactive decay.
• Uranium and Thorium are naturally occurring most abundant actinides while Plutonium is
synthetically produced most abundant.
 
25. C
Sol. * A fine dispersion of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble.
* Two liquids can form different types of emulsions.
* As an example, oil and water can form, first, an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the oil is the
dispersed phase, and water is the continuous phase
26. B
Sol.  This fundamental right is available to every person, citizens and foreigners alike.
• The fundamental right provided by Article 21 is one of the most important rights that the
Constitution guarantees.
• The right specifically mentions that no person shall be deprived of life and liberty except as
per the procedure established by law. This implies that this right has been provided against the
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State only. State here includes not just the government, but also, government departments,
local bodies, the Legislatures, etc.
• Any private individual encroaching on these rights of another individual does not amount to a
violation of Article 21. The remedy for the victim, in this case, would be under Article 226 or
under general law.
• The right to life is not just about the right to survive.
• It also entails being able to live a complete life of dignity and meaning.
• The chief goal of Article 21 is that when the right to life or liberty of a person is taken away by
the State, it should only be according to the prescribed procedure of law.
• The right to personal life and liberty empowered under Article 21 cannot be suspended under
National Emergency.

27. A
Sol. Certiorari means ‘to be certified’. The writ of certiorari can be issued by the Supreme Court or
any High Court for quashing the order already previously by an inferior court, tribunal or quasi-
judicial authority.

The HC is conferred with this power under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution for
enforcement of any of the FRs (Fundamental Rights) conferred by part III of the Constitution of
India or for any other purpose.

Article 227 determines that every HC shall have superintendence over every court & tribunals
all over the territories with which it exercises jurisdiction (but except a court formed under a
law regarding armed forces).

28. D
Sol.
The Doctrine of Rarest of Rare was created in the case of Bacchan vs State of Punjab on 9th
May 1980. The SC (Supreme Court), in this case, endeavoured to cut out a doctrine especially
for offences culpable with death to reduce the uncertainty for courts regarding when to go for
the highest level of punishment of the land.
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By the majority of 4 to 1, the death penalty’s constitutionality was upheld by the SC and a
principle was laid down that the death penalty should be surrounded only in the rarest of rare
cases.

However, the extent of this phrase was left unexplained. The Ratio Decidendi of Bacchan
Singh case was that the death sentence is constitutional if it is advised as an alternative for
the misdeed of murder and if the normal sentence authorized by law for murder is
imprisonment for life.

This signifies that the death penalty can only be inflicted on the rarest of rare cases where an
alternative option is excluded.

29. A
Sol. • Norway has got the go-ahead to construct what's being billed as the world's first ship tunnel,
designed to help vessels navigate the treacherous Stadhavet Sea.
• First announced a few years ago by the Norwegian Coastal Administration, this mile-long,
118-feet-wide tunnel will burrow through the mountainous Stadhavet peninsula in
northwestern Norway.
• Building this engineering marvel will cost somewhere in the region of 2.8 billion Norwegian
kroner ($330 million) and take between three to four years, with construction due to
commence in 2022.
30. C
Sol. • Hydrochloric acid is the vital acid in stomach.
• The main constituent of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid which is produced by parietal cells in
the gastric glands in the stomach.
• Hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen into the enzyme pepsin, which then helps digestion
by breaking the bonds linking amino acids, a process known as proteolysis.
 
31. A
Sol. ● The total number of lines in a magnetic field is called Magnetic Flux.
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● Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field which passes through a given area.

● The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber and the CGS unit is the maxwell.
32. C
Sol. In SR Bommai vs Union of India of 1994, a 9-judge Bench of Supreme Court held federalism a
part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution. It declared neither the legislative entries
in the 7th Schedule nor the fiscal control by the Union is decisive to decide the Constitution is
unitary. The respective legislative powers of the Centre and states are traceable to Articles
245-254.

The Constitutional Character of the Indian Federalism are:

* Dual Government (i.e., national government & regional government)

* Written Constitution

* Division of powers between the national & regional government

* Supremacy of the Constitution

* Rigid Constitution

* Independent judiciary

* Bicameral legislature

33. D
Sol. Adam Smith FRSA was a Scottish economist, philosopher as well as a moral philosopher, a
pioneer of political economy, and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment, also known
as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism''.

34. A
Sol. Sodium benzoate is a common type of food preservative and is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
It is used to preserve fruit juices, syrups, jams and jellies, pickles etc.
It's an odourless, crystalline powder made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
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35. D
Sol. • Collagen is not a plant hormone whereas Abscisic acid, Cytokinin and Gibberellins are
major plant hormones.
• Abscisic acid- it controls organ size and stomatal closure. It gives response to
environmental stress.
• Gibberellins- plays vital role in seed germination and affecting enzyme production for
metabolic activities.
• Cytokinin- are group of chemicals that influence cell division and shoot formation.
 
36. B
Sol. * Features of the Pitts India Act, 1784 :-
* It distinguished between the commercial and political functions of the Company.
* It allowed the Court of Directors to manage the commercial affairs but created a new body
called Board of Control to manage the political affairs. Thus, it established a system of double
government.
* It empowered the Board of Control to supervise and direct all operations of the civil and
military government or revenues of the British possessions in India.
* The Regulating Act of 1773 provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court at Calcutta
(1774) comprising one chief justice and three other judges.

37. D
Sol. • Astronomy - Doppler effect is used to measure the speed at which stars and galaxies are approaching or receding
from us, in a mechanism named red shift or blue shift.

• Medical Imaging - In medicine, the Doppler Effect can be used to measure the direction and speed of blood flow in
arteries and veins.

• Radar - The Doppler effect is used to measure the velocity of detected objects where a radar beam is fired at a
moving target. For example, the police use radar to detect a speeding vehicle.
38. A
Sol. * The force which accelerates the freely falling object is called Gravitational force
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* The force of gravity causes objects to fall toward the center of Earth.

* Objects that are said to be undergoing free fall, are not encountering a significant force of air resistance; they are
falling under the sole influence of gravity.

* The gravitational force is a force that attracts any two objects with mass. Gravitational force is called attractive
because it always tries to pull masses together, it never pushes them apart.
39. C
Sol. • The femur, or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates and of the human thigh.

• The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body. Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are part of the
human ear.
40. A
Sol. The power of adjournment and adjournment sine die lies with the presiding officer (i.e.
Speaker or Chairman) of the House.

Adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a defined time, which may be hours, days or
weeks. Adjournment sine die means terminating a sitting of Parliament for an unspecified
period. In other words, when the House is suspended without naming a day for reassembly.

41. B
Sol. • Union Powers Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru
• Union Constitution Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru
• States Committee (To Negotiate with States) - Jawaharlal Nehru
• Provincial Constitution Committee – Sardar Patel

42. C
Sol. ● Chloroplasts are important in Food Synthesis.
● They also play an important part in the process of photosynthesis in some
organisms.
● They are roughly 1–2 μm thick and 5–7 μm in diameter.
43. D
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Sol.  

* The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional
intergovernmental organization of countries-Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal,
the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

* SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8th December, 1985. SAARC promotes development of
economic and regional integration.

44. A
Sol. ● Purity of a metal can be determined by Archimedes Principle.
● It is most commonly used in checking the purity of gold and also used in designing
ships and submarines.
● This principle states that the buoyant force or upthrust exerted by liquid is always equal to
the weight of liquid displaced by that object.
 
45. B
Sol. The Indian Constitution does not give a comprehensive description of the original jurisdiction
of the High Court (HC). The original jurisdiction of a High Court is practised by the issue of
Writs to any person or authority including the government.

* Article 226 of the Indian Constitution vests in the High Courts the power to issue writs for the
restoration of Fundamental Rights.

* This power of the HCs does not derogate the similar power conferred on the SC (Supreme
Court) in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution.

* The original jurisdiction of the HCs also extends to the matters of probate, admiralty,
matrimonial and contempt of Court cases.

* The HCs have also complete powers to make rules to regulate their business regarding the
administration of justice. HCs can punish for their contempt.

 
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46. B
Sol. * The current opinion held by the Supreme Court is that the Preamble is an integral part of the
Constitution.
* However, two things should be noted:
* The Preamble is neither a source of power to legislature nor a prohibition upon the powers of
legislature.
* It is non-justiciable, that is, its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law.

47. D
Sol. The Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity holds that the state or the Sovereign can perform no legal
wrong and is immune from any kind of civil suits & criminal prosecution.

The Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity is derived from the British common law principle, ‘rex
non-potest peccare’, which renders into ‘the king cannot harm’.

There are 2 reasons proposed for holding this doctrine truthful:

* As a characteristic of sovereignty, the state could not be sued in its courts left without its
consent.

* The award of compensation would affect the treasury of the Crown.

India too derived this principle as a legacy of British rule. However, successive judgements of
the Supreme Court have greatly narrowed down its scope.

48. C
Sol. • The world’s most powerful supercomputer Fugaku is now fully developed in Japan, and the
machine is available for research use.
• Japanese scientific research institute RIKEN and Fujitsu began development six years ago
with an aim to make the device core of Japan’s computing infrastructure.
• Now, as Fugaku is fully open and available for shared use, Japan’s Research Organization
for Information Science and Technology (RIST) has selected 74 projects that will use the
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supercomputer in FY2021.
49. C
Sol. • RBI has introduced five-pillared strategic approach 'GUARD' to deal with cybersecurity
threats being faced by urban cooperative banks (UCBs).

• GUARD stands for:

o G: Governance Oversight

o U: Utile Technology Investment

o A: Appropriate Regulation and Supervision

o R: Robust Collaboration

o D: Developing necessary IT and cybersecurity skills set

50. B
Sol. • The government has appointed G P Samanta as the new Chief Statistician of India for a
period of two years.
• Samanta was till now an adviser in the RBI's Department Of Statistics and Information
Management.
• Samanta is India’s fourth CSI.
• Kshatrapati Shivaji, a 1986-batch Maharashtra cadre IAS officer, was given additional charge
as MoSPI secretary in September last year after the tenure of Pravin Srivastava ended on
August 31, 2020.
51. B
Sol. * Bryophytes are non vascular type of plants. They do not have seeds or flowers and they
reproduce via spores.
* The body of Bryophytes are differentiated into small stem and simple leaves but true roots
are absent.
* Common examples of Bryophytes are- Liverworts, Pincushion Moss, Mountain Fern Moss,
Pleurozium Schreberi etc.

52. B
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Sol. The Portfolio system was introduced in the cabinet by Indian Council Act, 1861.

Some provisions of the Indian Council Act, 1861:

* Lord Canning, who was the then Governor-General & Viceroy at the time, established the
portfolio system. In the portfolio system, each member was assigned a portfolio of a specific
department.

* For legislative purposes, the Council of Governor-General was enlarged. Now, there were to
be between 6 to 12 additional members (i.e. nominated by the Governor-General).

* For the executive work of the Council, a 5thmember was added. Now there were 5 members
for home, law, military, revenue & finance. (A 6th member for public works was added in the
year 1874.)

* Any bill linked to public revenue/debt, military, religion/foreign affairs could not be passed
without the assent of the Governor-General.

* The Viceroy had the authority to overrule the council if necessary.

* The Governor-General even had the power to propagate ordinances without the council’s
concurrence in the course of emergencies.

* The Indian Secretary of State in Britain could also terminate an act passed by the Council of
Governor-General.

* This Indian Council Act restored the legislative powers of the Governor-in-Councils of the
Presidencies of Bombay and Madras (which was taken away by the 1833 Charter Act).

53. D
Sol. Melting point of Platinum, Sodium, Antimony and Krypton is 1,768 °C, 97.79 °C, 630.6 °C and -157.4 °C
respectively. Therefore, Krypton has the lowest melting point of all these elements.
54. A
Sol.  
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Chromosomes are present in nucleus in animal cell.

• Chromosomes are thread-like structures and are made up of DNAs.
• The unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins,
called histones.
• Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
 
55. C
Sol. • Bengaluru has been adjudged as the most liveable city in India, followed by Pune,
Ahmedabad, Chennai and Surat, according to the government’s Ease of Living Index released
by the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep Singh Puri.
• Of the 49 cities ranked on livability index in the million-plus population category, Delhi ranks
13th.
• At the bottom of the list are Amritsar, Guwahati, Bareilly, Dhanbad and Srinagar.
56. B
Sol. • The rights of the Nehru Report were a close precursor of the Fundamental Rights of the
Constitution.
• It proposed 19 fundamental rights including rights for women, the right to form unions and
universal adult suffrage etc.
• The concept of Fundamental human rights in India was inspired by historical examples such
as England’s Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France’s Declaration of the
Rights of Man.
• The government of India Act of 1935 did not propose for Fundamental Rights.

57. D
Sol. * A number of provisions in the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority of the two
Houses of Parliament outside the scope of Article 368.
* These provisions include:
* Admission or establishment of new states.
* Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing states.
* Abolition or creation of legislative councils in states.
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* Second Schedule-emoluments, allowances, privileges and so on of the president, the

governors, the Speakers, judges, etc.
* Quorum in Parliament.
* Salaries and allowances of the members of Parliament.
* Rules of procedure in Parliament.
* Privileges of the Parliament, its members and its committees.
* Use of English language in Parliament.
* Number of puisne judges in the Supreme Court.
* Conferment of more jurisdictions on the Supreme Court.
* Use of official language.
* Citizenship-acquisition and termination.
* Elections to Parliament and state legislatures.
* Delimitation of constituencies.
* Union territories.
* Fifth Schedule-administration of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes.
* Sixth Schedule-administration of tribal areas.

58. D
Sol. • A non-democratic form of government is where an individual or a single-party concentrates
all power.
• Monarchy is a form of government in a state is ruled by an individual who typically inherits
the throne by birth and rules for life or until abdication.
• An oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number
of people.
• Technocracy is a form of government in which experts in technology would be in control of all
decision making.
• A theocracy is a form of government in which religious leaders acting in the place of God rule
the state. It is a form of government in which official policy is governed by immediate divine
guidance or by officials.
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59. A
Sol. • At high pressure, the gas molecules get closer and crowded and the amount of empty space that is there between the
molecules is reduced
• Also, at low temperature, the effect of intermolecular forces is very prominent as the molecules have les kinetic
energy to overcome the intermolecular attractions
60. A
Sol. • The 5th Asia Economic Dialogue (AED) 2021 was virtually convened by the Ministry of
External Affairs (MEA), India and Pune International Centre (PIC) on the theme “Post Covid-
19 Global Trade and Finance Dynamics”.
• Its inaugural session was addressed by Union Minister Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, MEA
on “Resilient Global Growth in a Post-Pandemic World”.
• The dialogue saw the discussions between COVID-19’s impact on trade and finance, on the
world and on Asia as well as strategies to deal with this impact.
• The former Indian Ambassador to China, Pakistan and Bhutan, Mr. Gautam Bambawale is
the Convenor of AED 2021.
61. D
Sol. • The bridge ‘Maitri Setu’ has been built over Feni river which flows between Indian boundary
in Tripura State and Bangladesh.
• The name ‘Maitri Setu’ symbolizes growing bilateral relations and friendly ties between India
and Bangladesh.
• The construction was taken up by the National Highways and Infrastructure Development
Corporation Ltd at a project cost of Rs. 133 Crores.
• The 1.9 Km long bridge joins Sabroom in India with Ramgarh in Bangladesh.
62. C
Sol. Sociocracy: It is a democratic system of governance based on circle organization, consent
decision making, subsidiarity, and double-linked representation.

Radical democracy: It is a type of democracy that focuses on the significance of nurturing &
tolerating difference and also dissent in decision-making processes.
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Guided democracy: It is a form of democratic government with increased autocracy where

citizens use their political rights without meaningfully affecting the policies, motives, and goals
of government.

Interactive democracy: It is a proposed form of democracy utilising information technology to

permit citizens to propose new policies, ‘second’ proposals & vote on the resulting laws (which
are refined by Parliament) in a referendum.

63. C
Sol. • Nitrous Oxide is also known as Laughing gas.
• It is used as anaesthetic and pain reducing medicine in surgery and dentistry.
• Its name "laughing gas", coined by Humphry Davy, is due to the euphoric effects
upon inhaling it.
64. C
Sol. ● Permeability is the ability of a material to conduct magnetic flux through it.
● The SI unit of permeability is Henries per Meter.
● It is the measure of the resistance of a material against the formation of a
magnetic field.
65. C
Sol. Melamine polymer is a Cross linked polymer.

• A cross linked polymer contain strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains.

• It was discovered by William F. Talbot.

• It is a hard, durable & have good fire and heat resistance.

66. C
Sol. In Article 264, ‘Finance Commission’ refers to a Finance Commission constituted under Article
280.
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The authority to levy a tax is acquired from the Indian Constitution which allocates the power
to levy several taxes between the Central & the State. A significant restriction on this authority
is Article 265 of the Constitution of India which states that ‘No tax shall be levied or collected
except by the authority of law’.

The Consolidated Fund of India was established under Article 266 of the Indian Constitution. It
is also considered the most essential part of the financial statement.

The Contingency Fund of India is created under Article 267 of the Indian Constitution. Consent
of the Parliament of India for such kind of expenditure & for withdrawal of an equivalent
quantity from the Consolidated Fund is subsequently acquired to ensure that the corpus of the
Contingency Fund remains intact.

67. C
Sol. Article 32 is one of the FRs (Fundamental Rights) listed in the Indian Constitution that each
citizen is entitled to.

Article 32 deals with the ‘Right to Constitutional Remedies’, or asserts the right to move the
SC (Supreme Court) by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the FRs conferred in
Part III of the Constitution.

Article 32 states that the SC ‘shall have the power to issue directions or writs or orders,
including writs like habeas corpus, prohibition, mandamus, quo-warranto, and certiorari,
whichever may be applicable, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III’.

The rights guaranteed by Article 32 ‘shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for
by this Constitution.

Article 32 is included in Part III of the Constitution of India with other FRs including Equality,
Freedom of Speech & Expression, Life & Personal Liberty, and Freedom of Religion.

Only if any of these FRs is violated can a person can approach the SC directly under Article
32.
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68. C
Sol. • World Water Day is observed annually across the globe on March 22 with the purpose of
highlighting the importance of water and raising awareness about the water crisis that the
world faces.
• According to the United Nations (UN) website, the main focus of the day is to “support the
achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG) 6: water and sanitation for all by 2030.”
• The theme of World Water Day 2021 is “Valuing Water” and has been chosen to highlight the
value of water in our daily lives.
• “The value of water is about much more than its price – water has enormous and complex
value for our households, food, culture, health, education, economics and the integrity of our
natural environment.
69. C
Sol. The New Development Bank (NDB) is established by The BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South
Africa). According to the Agreement on the NDB, “the Bank shall support public or private projects through loans,
guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments”. Moreover, the NDB “shall cooperate with
international organisations and other financial entities, and provide technical assistance for projects to be supported
by the Bank. The bank is headquartered in Shanghai, China. The first regional office of the NDB will be opened in
Johannesburg, South Africa.
70. C
Sol. Created by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) in 1988, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has 195 Member countries. It prepares
Comprehensive Assessment Reports about the state of scientific, technical, and socio-economic knowledge on
climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for reducing the rate at which climate change is taking place.
It also produces Methodology Reports and Special Reports on topics agreed to by its member governments.
71. D
Sol. • The main reason for split between moderates and extremists was due to ideological
differences. Moderates believed in constitutional and peaceful methods of freedom struggle.
Extremists believed that the policy of prayer adopted by moderates was too slow to yield
results.
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• The two immediate reasons for the split were: Choice of Venue and Presidency of the
Session. The Congress was scheduled to take place in Nagpur and since Nagpur was a
stronghold of extremist leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the moderates shifted the venue to Surat.
This angered the extremists, who wanted Tilak to be the President of the session. Rashbihari
Ghosh was elected as President. The extremist became violent when B. G Tilak was not given
time to speak at session.
72. D
Sol. Both statements are correct. Hence, option D is the correct answer.

About Seva Sadan: It was founded by a Parsi social reformer, Behramji M. Malabari in year 1885. The organization
have specialization in taking care of the women who were exploited and were discarded by society.

About Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha or Religious reform Association: It was founded by NaroujiFurdonji,
S.S.Bengalee, DadabhaiNaoroji, and others to begin the religious reform among the Parsis. They played a significant
role in the spread of education, especially among the girls. They also campaigned against the orthodox practices in
the Parsi religion.
73. C
Sol. Global warming potential is the indication of the intensity of each gas on global warming.
Two characteristics of gas are important: how well the gas absorbs energy and how long the gas stays in
the atmosphere.
It is the measure of that a gas absorbs over a particular period of time compared to Carbon-di-oxide.
GWP of different gases are:
Carbon-di-oxide – 1 year
Methane – 21 years
Nitrous oxide – 310 years
Hydrofluorocarbons – 140-11700 years
Sulphur Hexafluoride – 23,900 years
74. C
Sol. The Panchsheel, (or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence), was first formally signed on

29th April 1954, between India &  China.

The agreement was signed by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru & China's first Prime
Minister Chou En-Lai.
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The main points of the Panchsheel agreement were:

* Peaceful co-existence
* Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity & sovereignty
* Mutual non-interference
* Mutual non-aggression
* Equality & mutual benefit
 
75. C
Sol. The assertion is true & the reason is false because the cotton weavers in India faced two
major problems with the Manchester goods coming to India: their export fall and the local
market also shrank, being overloaded with the Manchester imports.
With the Civil War in America, the supply of cotton to Britain from the United States were cut
off. Britain turned to India.
76. B
Sol. Subsistence Farming: In subsistence farming, the entire production is for only consumption not
for the selling purpose in the markets. This type of farming is adopted by the small and
marginal farmers on the fragmented landholdings. The cultivated crops and usually food
crops; and the methods of farming are generally archaic.
Commercial farming: It is opposite of subsistence farming. Its aim is to sell the produce in the
market. It is done with the modern tools & techniques, irrigation, insecticides, chemical
fertilizers, pesticides and High Yielding Varieties of the seeds. Cultivated crops involve food
crops like food grains, oilseeds etc. as well as the non-food crops like Cotton, Jute etc.
 
Extensive farming: It is done on the large patches of land. The large swathes are capable to
output massive amount of the produce but production per unit of the land may below. This type
of farming is done in the countries where large size of the landholding is available like in
United States, Canada etc. This type of farming is almost absent in India except in some
states like Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
 
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Intensive Farming: The focus of the intensive farming is to produce the maximum output per
unit of the land. It is common in India as well as in South East Asian countries like Thailand,
Vietnam, and Indonesia etc.
 
Plantation Farming: It is the farming in an estate where the single cash crop is grown purpose
for sale. Examples like Tea, Coffee, Banana, Rubber, Spices.
 
Mixed Farming: It refers to the raising of the animals along with the crops. The farmers who
get engaged in mixed farming are in better economical condition.
77. B
Sol. The largest Mica producer in the world is China. The mineral Mica is a group of aluminosilicates with various metals
that split into fine sheets.
78. B
Sol. * BPL Census is conducted by the Ministry of Rural Development (along with the partnership of state), in order to
identify the poor households. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

* Poverty Ratio: The proportion of the population below the poverty line is called the poverty ratio or headcount
ratio (HCR). Hence, statement 2 is correct.
79. D
Sol. Revenue Expenditure is that part of government expenditure that does not result in the
creation of assets. Payment of salaries, wages, pensions, subsidies and interest fall in this
category as revenue expenditure examples. All grants given to state governments and Union
territories are also treated as revenue expenditure, even if some of these grants may be used
for the creation of capital assets. In India, the payment of subsidies is also included in revenue
expenditure. The central government pays subsidies under three major heads – food subsidy,
fertilizer subsidy and fuel subsidy.
Line of credits are loans (not grants) and thus, an income generating financial asset i.e. capital
expenditure. Hence Option D is the answer.
80. C
Sol. Fiscal policy is the set of government decisions regarding taxation, expenditure, subsidies and
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other financial operations. Through it, the government influences savings, investment,
consumption in an economy to achieve objectives such as socio-economic welfare, income
redistribution, inclusive growth and development. Hence statement C is correct.
RBI through its monetary policy monitors and controls inflation (within mandated range of 2%
to 6%).
81. B
Sol. The Mahamastakabhisheka refers to the abhiṣeka (i.e. anointment) of the Jaina statues when
held on a huge scale. It is a significant Jain festival held once every twelve years.
The most popular of such consecrations is the anointment of the Bahubali Gommateshwara
Statue situated at Shravanabelagola in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is an intrinsic part of
the ancient and composite Jain tradition. The Mahamastakabhisheka is held in veneration of a
17.4 meters (or 57 feet) high monolithic statue of the Siddha Bahubali.
The anointing previously took place in Feb. 2018, and the next ceremony is going to take
place in the year 2030. The 2018 ceremony is said to be the 88th in the series that begins in
the year 981 A.D. and the secondMahamastakabhisheka of the 21st century. The festival is
expected to be graced by various Jain ascetics. The Feb. 2018 festival was held under the
leadership of Charukeerthi Bhattaraka Swamiji of Shravanabelagola from 17-25 February
2018.
 
82. A
Sol.
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83. B
Sol. Similar to the Kuiper Belt and the Scattered Disc, the Oort Cloud is a reservoir of trans-
Neptunian objects, however it is over a thousand times more distant from our sun as the
Kuiper Belt and the Scattered Disc.

The Oort Cloud is a theoretical spherical cloud of primarily icy planetesimals that is believed to
encircle the sun at a distance of up to around 100,000 AU.

This places Oort cloud in interstellar space, beyond the Heliosphere of the sun where it
defines the cosmological border between the solar system and the area of the sun's
gravitational dominance.
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The suggestion of a cloud of icy infinitesimals was first proposed in the year 1932 by Estonian
astronomer Ernst Opik, who postulated that long-period comets emerged in an orbiting cloud
at the solar system’s outermost edge.

84. C
Sol. International Maritime Organization is responsible for the safety and security of ships and also the prevention of
marine pollution created by ships. It was adopted in1948 at International Conference in Geneva. It is headquartered
in London.

Wild Life Crime Control Bureau is a statutory body established by the Government of India under the aegis of the
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to combat organized Wildlife Crime in the Country with
Headquarters at New Delhi along with five regional offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Jabalpur.

Central Zoo Authority of India has been constituted under the wildlife protection Act 1972 which is responsible for
oversight of Zoo in India. It is headquartered in New Delhi.

International Solar Alliance is an organization that has the objective to efficient exploitation of Solar Energy which
help to reduce the pollution created by Fossil fuel (Conventional Source of Energy). It is headquartered in Gurugram.
85. C
Sol. * The founder of Khayal, Khawwali styles & Tarana of music was Amir Khusro. He wrote a
book called nursifar to describe his music style. Akbar and Babur were great patrons of music.
Both used to hold music meetings & Akbar used to play an instrument known as Nagara.
* Tan Sen or Ramtanu, was a prominent figure of Hindustani classical music. In 1562, about
the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar court, and his performances
became a subject of many court historians.
* Abul Fazal, Faizi, Rahim, Tansen, Miya Tansen, Todar Mal, Birbal, and Man Singh were
among the skilled nine gems who adorned Akbar's court.
* Shahjahan and Jahangir were also great patrons of music.
* During the Sultanate period, music gently gone through few changes. Khalifas and Sultans
emboldened music. Some new ragas & musical instruments were initiated into Hindustani
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music. They formed fusion by combining Indian and Persian music to develop a fresh style of
musical compositions.
86. B
Sol. Below is the list of wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention:

87. D
Sol. Primary succession is a kind of ecological succession that takes place in a particular
environment that is recently formed and lacks habitable soil, which is then colonized for the in
first time by living organisms.
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Primary succession occurs in an area without any kind of initial vegetation.

Primary succession begins either because of a biological factor or an external agent.

Before the starting of the primary succession, the surface soil is absent in that particular area.

There is also no organic matter present in the nearby environment undergoing primary
succession.

The environment in the course of primary succession is unfavourable and is made favourable
as fresh species continue to grow.

The pioneer species in primary succession are mainly lichens, followed by algae and fungi.

Various intermediate communities are also formed during primary succession.

Primary succession takes a longer time to complete.

Some examples of primary succession: the emergence of a new ecosystem after a volcano, a
nuclear explosion or glacier outbursts.

88. D
Sol. The first-ever great expansion of Islam into India came during the Umayyad Dynasty of
caliphs, who were based in Damascus.
In the year 711, the Umayyads designated a young seventeen-year-old man from Ta’if to
expand Umayyad control into Sindh: Muhammad bin Qasim.
Sindh is the land surrounding the Indus River in the North-western part of the subcontinent, in
current-day Pakistan. Muhammad bin Qasim headed his army of six thousand soldiers to the
far eastern reaches of Persia, Makran.
Qasim encountered little resistance as he made his way into India. When Qasim reached the
city of Nerun, on the banks of the Indus River, he was embraced into the city by the Buddhist
monks that controlled it.
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Most cities around the Indus thus voluntarily came under the control of Muslims, with no
fighting. In some instances, oppressed Buddhist minorities approached the Muslim armies for
protection against the Hindu governors.
89. D
Sol. The main emphasis in the Carnatic music was on the vocal music and most compositions
were to be sung, including gayaki style. In the Hindustani music vocal-centric group was
required. Many instruments were designed in order to accompany the singer.
Hence, option D is correct.
Some similarities between the Hindustani & Carnatic Music:
• Hindustani music got originated in the Vedic period, whereas the Carnatic music got
originated during the Bhakti movement. Therefore, both have a deep association with religion.
• Carnatic was one among the two main sub-genres of the India classical music that
developed from the ancient Hindu traditions, the other sub-genre being the Hindustani music,
which got emerged as the distinct form due to the Persian and Islamic influences in North
India.
• Both the music developed with the Sanskrit language scripts in itself and through the Vedic
traditions.
• The central notions in both the music was that of the melodic mode/raga, sung to the
rhythmic cycle/tala.
90. D
Sol.
• The Dashavatara temple at Deogarh in Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh is a 6th century
temple dedicated to lord Vishnu. The temple contains relief panels depicting many scenes
associated with Nrisimha and Vamana avataras of lord Vishnu.
• Bhumara temple in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh is a 5th-6th century temple dedicated to
lord Shiva. This temple contains the Ekamukha Linga (linga with the picture od Shiva on it)
and sculptures of lord Ganesh.
• The temples at Nachna-Kuthara in the panna district of Madhya Pradesh are one of the
earliest examples of stone temples in India. These temples were dedicated to various gods
(Shiva and Vishnu) and goddesses (Parvati and Durga).
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• The Lakshmana temple at Sirpur in Chhattisgarh is one of the earliest known brick temples of
India with typical Nagara shikhara.
91. D
Sol. Badland topography and Sand dunes are Water Eroded Arid and Depositional Arid type of Landforms. Hence, option
D is correct.

* Water Eroded Arid Landforms – Rill, Gully, Badland Topography, Ravine, Bolsons, Playas, Pediments, Bajada, etc.

* Wind Eroded Arid Landforms – Deflation basins, Inselbergs, Demoiselles, Mushroom rocks, Demoiselles, Zeugen,
Wind bridges and windows.

* Depositional Arid Landforms – Ripple Marks, Longitudinal dunes, Sand dunes, Transverse dunes, Barchans,
Parabolic dunes, Star dunes and Loess.
92. A
Sol. Provisions of Government of India Act, 1858:

* The East India Company was dissolved.

* Indian territories of Britain were to be now governed in the name of the British Queen.

* The Court of Directors & the Board of Control were dismantled.

* The powers and control of the Company's Court of Directors were in the hands of the Secretary of State (SOS) for
India.

* This Secretary of State (SOS) was to be a British MP & a member of the Prime Minister's cabinet. He was to be
helped by a council of 15 members.

* Through the Secretary of State, the British parliament was able to ask questions with reference to Indian affairs.

* Governor-General was the representative of the British government in India & Viceroy (both the same person to
avoid conflict).

* The Viceroy & the governors of the various presidencies were appointed by the Crown.

* The Viceroy was to be helped with an Executive Council.

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* This act has made India a direct British colony.

* This act scraped the dual government of the Pitt's India Act.

* This act also abolished the doctrine of lapse.

* The Indian Civil Services was to be set up for the administration of the country. There was also provision for
Indians to be admitted to the service.

* It was determined that the remaining Indian princes & chiefs (more than 560 in counting) would have their
independent status provided they agreed to British suzerainty.
93. C
Sol. World Bank recently released the report titled “Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune” which
examines how the COVID 19 crisis, compounding the risks posed by armed conflict and climate change, is affecting
poverty trends, inclusive growth, and the characteristics of the poor around the world.
94. C
Sol. Jyotirao Phule established the Society of Seekers of Truth or Satyashodhak samaj in the year 1873.

About Jyotirao Phule:

• He was born in 1827 in the Satara district of Maharashtra.

• He was given the title of the Mahatma on 11th May 1888, by the Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar, who was a
Maharashtrian social activist.

• Along with his wife, Savitribai Phule, they are regarded as the pioneers of the women’s education in India.

• In the year 1873, Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj for the rights of the depressed classes in order to
denounce the caste system and to spread rational thinking.

• Some of his famous include: Tritiya Ratna in 1855, Gulamgiri in 1873, Shetkarayacha Aasud, or Cultivator’s
Whipcord in 1881, the Satyashodhak Samajokt Mangalashtakasah Sarva Puja-vidhi in 1887.
95. D
Sol. The plan period of the 11th Five Year Plan is from 2007-2012. The approval of the National
Development Council of the Eleventh Five Year Plan was received on September 19, 2007.
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With an average growth rate of 9% in the plan, the target was 10% in the last year 2011-2012.
96. A
Sol. In the year 1330, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered an invasion of China, transmitting parts of
his forces over the Himalayas. Instead, they were defeated by the Hindu kingdom of Kangra.
Some survived the journey, and they were executed upon their return for failing.
* Muhammad bin Tughluqwas the Sultan of Delhi from the year 1325 to 1351. He was the
eldest son of Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Tughlaq, the originator of the Tughluq dynasty.
* Muhammad bin Tughlaq has been represented as an ‘inhuman eccentric’ with strange
character by the accounts of visitors during his reign.
* He is also recognized for wild policy swings.
* He ascended to the Delhi throne upon his father's death in the year 1325.
* Muhammad bin Tughlaq was interested in medicine & was skilled in various languages —
Persian, Turkish, Arabic, & Sanskrit. Ibn Battuta, the famous jurist and traveller from Morocco,
was a guest or patron at his court & wrote about his suzerainty in his book.
 
97. B
Sol. Gandhiji had a pluralistic understanding of religion. The secular state, according to Gandhiji, is a place where
religious ideas and debates are valued and respected in all spheres of life, public & private, but no single religion is
permitted to dominate the others. 

Gandhi's religious discourse was well received by his audience, and it was successful in inspiring them politically
since most of them were religious. Religious language would be doomed to fail in modern British politics because it
would alienate atheists, appease fundamentalists, and fail to inspire the masses.

 
98. A
Sol. Among 389 members of the Constituent Assembly, only fifteen women contributed to making
the Constitution of India. They were:
* Ammu Swaminathan
* Dakshayani Velayudhan
* Begum Aizaz Rasul
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* Durgabai Deshmukh
* Hansa Jivraj Mehta
* Kamla Chaudhary
* Leela Roy
* Malati Choudhury
* Purnima Banerjee
* Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
* Renuka Ray
* Sarojini Naidu
* Sucheta Kriplani
* Vijalakshami Pandit
* Annie Mascarene
 
99. A
Sol.

100. C
Sol. Brown Revolution is known for Leather, Cocoa Production & Non-Conventional Products. A 'BROWN revolution’
happening in the tribal areas of Visakhapatnam district w.r.t. cocoa, where the tribal people are being not only taught
but at the same time encouraged, to grow “socially responsible and environment-friendly” coffee to cater to the
demand from developed countries.
101. B
Sol. Consumer Price Indices (CPI) measure changes over time in general level of prices of goods
and services that households acquire for the purpose of consumption. CPI is widely used as a
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macroeconomic indicator of inflation, as a tool by governments and central banks for inflation
targeting and for monitoring price stability, and as deflators in the national accounts. CPI is
also used for indexing dearness allowance to employees for increase in prices.

102. B
Sol. ● A Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or wealth within a
population. Hence, statement 1 is wrong.
● Kuznets curve: as an economy develops, market forces first increase and then decrease
economic inequality.
● The area between the straight line and the curved line, expressed as a ratio of the area
under the straight line, is the Gini coefficient, a scalar measurement of inequality. The Gini
index is a measure of the distribution of income across a population.
● A higher Gini index indicates greater inequality, with high income individuals receiving much
larger percentages of the total income of the population. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

103. D
Sol. Ganga Tributaries: Yamuna, Gomti, Gandak, Ghaghara, Kosi, Son, Tons and Punpun
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Ghaghara Tributaries: Sarda and Rakti

Kosi Tributaries: Arun, Tamur and Sun Koshi

Yamuna Tributaries: Chambal, Sind, Betwa and Ken

Chambal Tributaries: Kali Sindh, Parvati and Banas

104. D
Sol. Lord Macaulay in his ‘Minute Upon Indian Education’ asserted that the publication of books in
Arabic and Sanskrit should be withdrawn, and support for religious institutions such as
madrassas should be reduced. Rather the funds should be used to establish the western
education system. Lord William Bentinck's 1835 English Education Act endorsed this minute.
Macaulay's goal of creating an intermediary class was to serve the British interests. A class of
English educated Indians were to serve as a tool to infiltrate Indian minds with the ideas of
British superiority over the natives while also allowing them to administer effectively by
creating a bridge of communication with the locals.
105. C
Sol. • A ‘vulnerable’ dugong is also known as “Sea Cow”. This is a medium-sized marine mammal.

• This species are found throughout the warm latitudes of the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

• The dugong is the only strictly herbivorous marine mammal. They are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List
and are protected in India under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

• The dugong is largely dependent for subsistence on seagrass communities, and is therefore restricted to the coastal
habitats that support seagrass meadows.
106. D
Sol. Low number of nutrition levels are not responsible for the increase in biodiversity of the ecosystem.
107. A
Sol. The land grants to Brahmins, in lieu of their services, were known as Brahmadeya, (i.e.
donated to Brahmins). Other similar terms included: Devadana ( donated to Gods), and
Agrahara (i.e. settlement of priests).
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All these lands donated to the temples & monasteries, apart from being used as normal
tenancy, even carried a right vested with the temple officials to call for unpaid labour (known
as Vishti) as a religious aid to the temple from the tillers on the donated land.
The lands were given as Brahmadeya either to a single Brahmana or to various Brahmana
families which ranged from a few to many hundreds or even more than a thousand, as spotted
in the South Indian context. The Brahmadeyas were invariably located near major irrigation
works like tanks or lakes.
108. C
Sol. From the beginning to the end, the Marathas' weakness against the English was their lack of
unity among themselves. When the Marathas came into conflict with the English, they never
attempted to establish an organized, orderly, and well-governed empire, and as a result, they
were unable to gain the allegiance of the Indians.
Various factors have been assigned for the defeat of the Marathas against the British. Some of
them were as follows:
* Internal weakness of the Marathas
* Lack of political foresight
* Incapable Leadership
* Weakness in the social organization of the Marathas
* Neglect of economic affairs by the Marathas
* Military weakness of the Marathas
* The superior diplomatic skill & spy-system of the British
* The Jagirdari system increases during the Maratha war of independence
 
109. C
Sol. The local differences of the temperature and the pressure produce local winds. These winds are local in their extent
and are confined to the troposphere lowest level.

Cold winds example:

* Pampero
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* Gregale

* Bora

* Tramontane

* Mistral

Warm winds example:

* Foehn or Fohn

* Chinook

* Zonda

* Loo

* Sirocco
110. B
Sol. * The Peninsular plateau is a tableland comprised of igneous, old crystalline, and metamorphic
rocks.

* The Peninsular plateau was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land
and therefore, making it a part of the oldest landmass.

* The peninsular plateau has broad and shallow valleys and also rounded hills.

This plateau comprises of two broad divisions, namely, the Deccan Plateau and the Central
Highlands. The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies on the southern side of the
river Narmada. The portion of the Peninsular plateau lying to the northern side of the Narmada
river covering a major region of the Malwa plateau is called as the Central Highlands.

111. C
Sol. Lee Commission was appointed in the year 1923 during the time of Lord Reading.
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* The Commission was appointed by the British government in 1923 to consider the ethnic
composition of the superior Indian public services of the government of India. The chairman
was Lord Lee of Fareham, and there were equal numbers of Indian and British members.
* According to its report published in the year 1924, it recommended establishing a Public
Service Commission.
* The first-ever Public Service Commission was thus appointed in the year 1926.
* The chairman of the first Public Service Commission was Sir Ross Barker.
 
112. A
Sol. In geology, horst and graben signifies the regions that lie between normal faults and are either
higher or lower than the region beyond the faults.

A horst refers to a block pushed upward relative to the blocks on each side by the faulting,
whereas a graben is a block usually long compared to its width that has been lowered relative
to the blocks on each side because of the faulting.

The horst and graben are formed when the normal fault of the opposite dip takes place in pair
with parallel strike lines.

The horst and graben are always formed together.

113. D
Sol.
On the historic day of 12th March 1930, Gandhiji inaugurated the Civil Disobedience
movement by conducting Dandi Salt March. It was followed by seventy-nine ashramites,
Gandhiji embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram towards Dandi that is situated on
the shores of the Arabian Sea. On 6th April 1930, Gandhiji reached Dandi, & ceremonially
violated the law, making salt by boiling seawater.
Covering the total distance of 386 km from Sabarmati Ashram towards Dandi on foot, the
sixty-two-year-old 'Bapu' was initially joined by hundreds & then thousands on his way. It was
the beginning of the civil disobedience movement which commenced as Gandhiji broke the
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salt law on the coastal city of Dandi on the Arabian Sea on 6th April. The Dandi March is also
known as Salt Satyagrah or NamakSatyagrah.
114. B
Sol. According to Global Innovation Index (GII), 2020, Switzerland is the world’s most-innovative
economy followed by Sweden, the United States of America (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.)
and the Netherlands. Hence, first statement is correct.

India has been ranked at 48th position. Hence, second statement is incorrect.

The Global Innovation Index (GII) provides detailed metrics about the innovation performance
of 131 countries. It is published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual
Property Organization. Hence, third statement is correct.

Indian innovation index is released by NITI Aayog. Hence, fourth statement is correct.

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1650886

115. C
Sol. The desert touches eleven countries which are as follows:

1) Algeria

2) Morocco

3) Chad

4) Egypt

5) Libya

6) Mali

7) Mauritania

8) Niger
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9) Sudan

10) Tunisia

11) Western Sahara

 
116. A
Sol. Kol Rebellion took place in the year 1832, not 1842. Hence, option A is correct.

• The Kols were one among the tribes who were inhabiting the Chhotanagpur area.

• They lived in the complete autonomy under their traditional chiefs but this was changed when the British came.

• Along with the British, the moneylenders & the merchants also came.

• The Kols then lost their lands to the farmers from the outside and also had to pay large amounts of money in the
form of taxes. This led to several becoming bonded labourers.

• The British judicial policies even caused resentment among the Kols.

• There was an insurrection in the year 1831-32 which saw the Kols arrange themselves and to revolt against the
British & the moneylenders.

• They killed several outsiders and burned their houses. This armed resistance continued for two years after which it
was ruthlessly supressed by the British as they have superior weaponry.

• The Kol Rebellion was quite intense that the troops had to be called in from the Calcutta & Benares to crush the
rebellion.
117. C
Sol. * According to demographic transition theory :-

* Low Human Development- High Birth Rate and High Death Rate

* Medium Human Development- High Birth Rate and Low Death Rate

* High Human Development- Low Birth Rate and Low Death Rate
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118. C
Sol. The Government amended the RBI Act to hand over the job of monetary policy-making in India to a newly
constituted Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) on June 27,2016. The new MPC is to be a six-member panel that is
expected to bring “value and transparency” to rate-setting decisions. It will feature three members from the RBI: the
Governor, a Deputy Governor and another official and three independent members to be selected by the Government.
119. B
Sol. Westerlies are the winds blowing from the subtropical high-pressure belts towards the
subtropical low-pressure belts.

It blows from South-West to North-East under Coriolis effect in Northern Hemisphere and from
North-West to South -East in Southern Hemisphere.

These winds blow from the lower latitudes to the higher latitudes.

They cause considerable rainfall particularly on the western margins of the continents.

They are more consistent in the direction and blow with stronger force in Southern
Hemisphere due to lesser obstructions from the continents.

They are also known as brave winds or roaring forties, furious fifties and shrieking sixties as
per the varying degree of the storminess in the latitudes in which they blow.

It must also be noted that not all the western coast of the temperate zone (i.e. 30 to 60
Degree) receive Westerlies throughout the whole year because of the shifting of wind belts
coz of earth’s inclination.

In June month, when the overhead sun present over the tropic of cancer, all the belts move
about 5 to 10 Degree north of their average position. The Mediterranean parts of the
continents that comes under the effect of the westerlies, receive rain in June month and vice a
versa in December month, when sun is overhead the tropic of Capricorn.

120. C
Sol. The commercialisation of agriculture was an artificial and a forced process for the majority of the Indian peasants. It
was introduced under the coercion of the British and not out of the peasantry incentive at large. The peasantry went
for the cultivation of the commercial crops under the duress.
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The commercialisation of agriculture led to the production of only those type of agricultural products which were
either required by the British industries or could able to fetch the cash commercial gain to the British in the European
or in the American market. For example, various efforts were made in order to increase the production of the cotton
in India in order to supply raw and good quality cotton to Britain’s cotton-textile industries which were growing at a
faster rate after the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Thus, cotton growing area rises in India and its production got
increased manifold with the gradual lapse of time.