A Study on Challenges

Faced by School Leaders:

Transformational Leadership
Style in School Based
Management
 What Is Leadership?

 Leadership plays an important role in ensuring school effectiveness and successful

school reforms.
 According to Hoy and Miskel (2001), definitions of leadership are almost numerous as
the school scholars engaged in it’s study
 Stogdill (1950) defines leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an
organised group toward the goal setting and goal accomplishment
 According to Tatum et al, (2003), one of the important characteristic of a leader is to
the effectiveness of decision making.
 According to Fiedler (1967), a leader is the individual in the group who were given the
task of directing and coordinating task-relevant group activities.
 What Is School-Based Management?

 School-based management highly practiced in Malaysia and many other

countries
 Decentralizes control from the central district office to individual schools as a way
to give school constituents - principals, teachers, parents, and community
members - more control over what happens in schools.
 School-Based Management can be defined as the responsibility of the school
leader/ principal to implement their autonomy in making decisions on all matters
regarding the school organization
 In school-based management, transformational leadership styles often used by
school leaders in achieving objectives of the school.
 Challenges Faced By School Leader –
Early Childhood Education (ECE)

 Managing the Administration – Multi-tasking

 Fulfilling's Parents’ Demand
 Managing Staff/ Teachers
 Lacking of teaching aid/ resources
 Policies by Government of developing the Early Childhood Education
(NEP) – Curriculum Pedagogy
 ECE status as a compulsory education
 Qualified Teacher in ECE
 High Demand of Work with Minimal Wages
 Challenges Faced by School Leaders in
Malaysia – Interview with School Leader

 Stakeholders/ CEO’s requirement – Organizations objective/

vision
 Teachers’ Welfare
 Students’ Affair – Academic & Disciplinary
 Parents’ Demand and Expectation on Child’s Development
 Academic Outcomes and Teacher’s Contribution
 Multi-Tasking
 Decision Making Impacts
 What is Transformational Leadership?

 A transformational leadership is a models consisting the behavior of

a leader on what expect to see, sets clear goals, and has high
expectations, whilst at the same time supporting and emotionally
guiding subordinates to achieve.
 A theory of leadership where a leader works with teams or followers
beyond their immediate self-interests to identify needed change,
creating a vision to guide the change through influence, inspiration,
and executing the change in tandem with committed members of a
group.
 Transformational Leadership Styles
A leader’s effort in understanding the staff, coaching them
Individualized
and guiding them to proactively contributing the growth of
Consideration
themselves and organizational development.

A clear perspective to achieve organisation’s objective

Inspirational Motivation were explained to the followers by leaders before giving
them any challenging task to work on giving opportunity
for followers to be more efficient in work

Idealized Influence Being a role model or highly ethical is more attractive their
staffs and build trust and respect towards their leaders.

A leader creates motivation and encouraging the

Intellectual Stimulation followers to be creative and innovative in making
decision.
 Advantages of Transformational
Leadership Styles
 Transformational leadership will create a good relationship within the internal
and external parties.
 Balanced goals. Transformational leaders balance the need for short-term
and long-term goals.
 Subordinates feel supported and deeply trust their leader because they
behave with integrity and build strong coalition.
 Vision focused communication. Transformational leaders are very focused on
the long-term strategic vision, and by communicating the vision regularly
with the followers and every decision is made by taking the vision into
consideration.
 Disadvantages of Transformational
Leadership Styles

 Ineffectiveness in short period of time or the goals cannot be

achieved immediately.
 Transformational leadership requires a lot of time because the
followers has to trust the efficiency of the leaders.
 Transformation leadership also doesn’t have a centralized
strategic as it changes or vary based on the need of one’s
situation or needs.
 Comments
 It is important for a school leader to manage a school in the aspect of
educational planning, administration, organization, supervision, medium of
communication and problem solving.
 Transformational leadership has a strong relationship with the performance of
the staff as a team in an organization (Hannahm Avolio, Luthnans & Harms,
2018).
 According to Watson & Rivera- McCutchen (2016), a radical change of a
school’s existing state of affairs is the aim of this transformational leadership.
 Decision making in an organisation as a leader is equally important to influence
the followers and achieve the designated goals of an organisation.