Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Imran Waheed
Demonstrator
(INS-KMU)
• Energy Needs
• Mothers need more Kcal for two reasons:
• To supply the increased fuel demanded by the
increased BMR
• To spare protein for the newly added tissues
• Fetal growth
• Increases RBC production in mothers
• Building iron stores in fetal liver
• RDA: 3 g/day
• Protein Requirement:
• Protein need increases in lactation as mother’s
milk contains 1.15g of protein/100 ml.
• During first 6 months of lactation 75. g/d is
required.
• During 6—12 months of lactation 65 g/d is
required.
• Calcium:
• Additional calcium is required for breast milk
secretion as 30—40 mg/100 ml is secreted per
day.
• Iron:
• Iron intake should be increased to 30 mg/d to
make up the iron secreted milk.
• Note: 1 mg of iron/d is lost during menstrual
period.
Monday, March 30, 2020 Imran Waheed 18
During Lactation
• Vit A (950mcg/d):
• Breast milk is rich in vit A.
• About 350 mcg /d of vit A is secreted in mother’s
milk.
Constipation:
• Increase fluid and fiber intake to reduce
constipation.
Pica:
• Pica is a disorder that causes cravings for
items that contain no nutritional value.
• Pregnant women with pica may want to eat
clay, cigarette ashes, or starch, among other
strange substances.
Monday, March 30, 2020 Imran Waheed 26
Conti…
Food Cravings:
• The sudden, irresistible, and intense urge to eat
something specific is referred to as a food
craving.
Common cravings during pregnancy include:
• Chocolate
• Spicy foods
• Fruits
• Mashed potatoes and pizza
• Need to asses:
– Pre-pregnancy weight (BMI)
– Current weight (BMI)
– Weight gain from previous visit
S.No BMI Weight (kg) BMI Value Weight Gain (kg) Weight Gain (lbs)
Height (m2)
1 Underweight BMI < 18.5 12.7-18 28-40
S.No BMI Weight (kg) Weight Gain (kg) Weight Gain (lbs)
Height (m2)
1 Underweight 22.6 kg to 28.1 kg 50 to 62 lbs
• Susceptible Population:
– Pregnant woman who has not been taking iron
supplements
– Pregnant Woman with multiples (more than one child)
– Have had two pregnancies close together
– Infants and children
– Menstruating females
– Low income women
• Iron-rich foods:
– Meat, fish, poultry, eggs
– Organ meats
– Peas and beans
– Dried fruit
– Whole grain and cereal
Recommendations:
• Women of childbearing age should be provided
nutritional education regarding food sources of
iron, especially prior to becoming pregnant, and
taught how food choices can either enhance or
interfere with iron absorption.
• If a woman is diagnosed with anemia during
pregnancy, her daily elemental iron should be
increased to 120 mg until her Hb concentration
rises to normal (Hb 110 g/L or higher)