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CHAPTER 7
Motivating employees
Learning Outcomes
ü Define motivation and explain the three key elements of
motivation.
ü Describe early theories of motivation.
ü Discuss contemporary theories of motivation.
ü Discuss current issues in motivation.
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Reinforcement Theory
v Assumes that a desired behavior is a function of its
consequences, is externally caused, and if
reinforced, is likely to be repeated.
ü Positive reinforcement is preferred for its long-
term effects on performance.
ü Ignoring undesired behavior is better than
punishment which may create additional
dysfunctional behaviors.
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Source: J.R. Hackman and J.L. Suttle (eds.). Improving Life at Work
(Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1977). With permission of the authors.
Source: J.R. Hackman and J.L. Suttle (eds.). Improving Life at Work
(Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1977). With permission of the authors.
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v Distributive justice
The perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards
among individuals (i.e., who received what).
ü Influences an employee’s satisfaction.
v Procedural justice
The perceived fairness of the process use to determine the
distribution of rewards (i.e., how who received what).
ü Affects an employee’s organizational commitment.
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