on a regular basis noun phrase ˈbeɪsəs every day, week etc I’m saving money on a regular basis.

I’m saving money on a regular basis. 2B - Closer to home

the right to have a business in a
particular place, especially in a place The company owns valuable logging and
concessions noun kənˈseʆənz owned by someone else mining concessions. 2A - Wild experience

2016 Pearson Schweiz AG

Wordlist Expert Proficiency an
eve
nt
Word Part of speech Pron Definition that
is
co
mpl
etel
y
die out phrasal verb daɪ aʊt to disappear or stop existing completely uns
to climb over something quickly and with ucc
ˈskræmbəl ˈəʊvə difficulty, especially using your hands to ess
ful,
scramble over (sth) verb phrase (*) help you
in a
to show your skill at doing something, wa
strut your stuff verb phrase strʌt jə stʌf especially dancing or performing y
small problems that you have when you that
first start doing a new job or using a new is
ver
teething problem noun ˈtiːθɪŋ ˈprɒbləm system y
to stop doing or eating something, em
especially because it might be bad for bar
cut (sth) out phrasal verb kʌt (*) aʊt your health ras
sin
g
or
fiasco noun fiˈæskəʊ disappointing- The first lecture I
ever gave was a
complete fiasco.
There is a trend towards self-sufficiency with more and more people growing
their own vegetables. - the ability to
provide all the things you
self-sufficiency noun selfsəˈfɪʃənsi need without help from other people
 The President’s power is circumscribed
circumscribe verb phrase ˈsɜːkəmskraɪb to limit power, rights, or abilities by Congress and the Supreme Court. 2A - Wild experience

die away
— phrasal verb with die verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /daɪ/ US 
 /daɪ/
present participle dying | past tense and past participle died
 
If something, especially a sound, dies away, it gradually becomes reduced until it stops existing or disappears:
The sound of his footsteps gradually died away.

hush
noun [ S  or U  ]
UK 
 /hʌʃ/ US 
 /hʌʃ/
 
a sudden, calm silence:
There was a  deathly hush after she made the announcement.
A hush fell  over the room.

tributary
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /ˈtrɪb.jə.tər.i/ US 
 /ˈtrɪb.jə.ter.i/
 
a river or stream that flows into a larger river or a lake:
the Indre, a  lesser tributary of  the Loire

disruption
noun [ C  or U  ]
UK 
 /dɪsˈrʌp.ʃən/ US 
 /dɪsˈrʌp.ʃən/
 
C1
the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected:
The accident brought widespread disruption on the roads.
It would  cause a  tremendous disruption to our work schedule to install a different  computer system.

seismic
adjective
UK 
 /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/ US 
 /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/
 
[ before noun  ]   GEOLOGY   specialized
relating to or caused by an earthquake:
seismic activity/waves
 
having very great and usually damaging effects:
The news  that the  chairman would resign  set off seismic waves in the business community.
 contamination
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
 
the process of making something dirty or poisonous, or the state of containing unwanted or dangerous substances :
The water supply is being tested for contamination .

aquatic
adjective
UK 
 /əˈkwæt.ɪk/ US 
 /əˈkwæt̬ .ɪk/
 
living or growing in, happening in, or connected with water:
aquatic plants
aquatic sports

grimly
adverb
UK 
 /ˈɡrɪm.li/ US 
 /ˈɡrɪm.li/
grimly adverb (WITHOUT HOPE)
 
in a way that is without hope:
Companies grimly hang on to markets at negligible profit margins, and finally give up.
His  assessment of the  war is grimly pessimistic.
 Więcej przykładów
 He is grimly realistic  about the parks' finances.
 A Californian grimly  observed, "There's no such thing as truth anymore."
 SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
grimly adverb (SERIOUSLY)
 
in a worried, serious, or sad way:
She  stared grimly ahead.
"We have to get those windows open," I announced grimly to my husband.

concentric
adjective
US 
 /kənˈsen·trɪk/
 
(of circles and rings) being one inside another and having the same center
concentric
adjective
UK 
 /kənˈsen.trɪk/ US 
 /kənˈsen.trɪk/
 
Concentric circles and rings have the same centre:
a concentric  pattern

dam
noun [ C ]
UK 
 /dæm/ US 
 /dæm/
dam noun [C] (WALL)
 
a wall built across a river that stops the river's flow and collects the water, especially to make a reservoir (=
an artificial lake) that provides water for an area:
The Aswan High Dam is on the River Nile in Egypt.

unprecedented
adjective
UK 
 /ʌnˈpres.ɪ.den.tɪd/ US 
 /ʌnˈpres.ə.den.t̬ ɪd/
 
C2
never having happened or existed in the past:
This century has  witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.

unlawful
adjective
UK 
 /ʌnˈlɔː.fəl/ US 
 /ʌnˈlɑː.fəl/
 
not allowed by law:
unlawful possession of guns

dredger
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /ˈdredʒ.ər/ US 
 /ˈdredʒ.ɚ/
(also dredge)
 
a boat or a device that is used to dredge rivers, lakes, etc.
The company's final ship was a dredger that it built speculatively.

dredge sth up
— phrasal verb with dredge verb [ T  ]
UK 
 /dredʒ/ US 
 /dredʒ/
 
to talk about something bad or unpleasant that happened in the past:
The article dredged up details of her unhappy childhood.

silt
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /sɪlt/ US 
 /sɪlt/
 
sand or soil that is carried along by flowing water and then dropped, especially at a bend in a river or at a river's opening

incursion
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /ɪnˈkɜː.ʒən/ US 
 /ɪnˈkɝː.ʒən/
 
a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border:
incursions into enemy territory

acrimony
noun [ U  ]
   formal
UK 
 /ˈæk.rɪ.mə.ni/ US 
 /ˈæk.rəˌmoʊ.ni/
 
anger, argument, and bad feeling:
The acrimony of the dispute has shocked a lot of people.
The decision  was reached  without acrimony or controversy.

curtail
verb [ T  ]
UK 
 /kəˈteɪl/ US 
 /kɚˈteɪl/
 
to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something:
to curtail  your holiday/spending
With all the snow, our daily  walks  have been severely curtailed.

disruption
noun [ C  or U  ]
UK 
 /dɪsˈrʌp.ʃən/ US 
 /dɪsˈrʌp.ʃən/
 
C1
the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected:
The accident brought widespread disruption on the roads.
It would  cause a  tremendous disruption to our work schedule to install a different  computer system.
 
BUSINESS   specialized
the action of completely changing the traditional way that an industry or market operates by using new methods or technology:
the disruption of the telecoms  industry

degradation
noun [ U ]
UK 
 /ˌdeɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌdeɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/
degradation noun [U] (DESTRUCTION)
 
the process in which the beauty or quality of something is destroyed or spoiled:
environmental degradation

epletion
noun [ S  or U  ]
UK 
 /dɪˈpliː.ʃən/ US 
 /dɪˈpliː.ʃən/
 
a reduction in something:
the depletion of the  ozone layer
Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our capital/funds.
 deterioration
noun [ C  or U  ]
UK 
 /dɪˌtɪə.ri.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /dɪˌtɪr.i.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
 
the fact or process of becoming worse:
We've  seen a deterioration in relations between the countries.
When we  arrived, we were  appalled at her deterioration.

devastation
noun [ U ]
UK 
 /ˌdev.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌdev.əˈsteɪ.ʃən/
devastation noun [U] (DAMAGE)
 
damage and destruction:
If  disease is allowed to spread, it will cause widespread  devastation.
The storm left behind it a trail of devastation.

implementation
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌɪm.plɪ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌɪm.plə.menˈteɪ.ʃən/
 
C2
the act of starting to use a plan or system:
implementation of the  law/agreement
Various projects for constructing new schools are under implementation in the region.
Zobacz

irrigation
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌɪr.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌɪr.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
 
the practice of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow:
an irrigation  system
Dirty irrigation water can spread animal pathogens to fruits and  vegetables.

legislation
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌledʒ.əˈsleɪ.ʃən/
 
C2
a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament:
[ + to infinitive  ] The government has promised to introduce legislation  to  limit fuel emissions  from  cars.

pollination
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌpɒl.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌpɑː.ləˈneɪ.ʃən/
 
the process in which pollen is taken from one plant or part of a plant to another so that new plant seeds can be produced:
Many  species  of  tree depend  on the wind for pollination.
When  flowering begins, uncover the plants to allow pollination.

rehabilitation
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌriː.həˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌriː.həˌbɪl.əˈteɪ.ʃən/
 
the process of returning to a healthy or good way of life, or the process of helping someone to do this after they have been in prison, been
very ill, etc.:
Many  amputees in the early stages  of their rehabilitation feel despair.
the rehabilitation of violent offenders

croak
verb
UK 
 /krəʊk/ US 
 /kroʊk/
croak verb (MAKE SOUND)
 
[ I or T ]
When animals such as frogs and crows croak, they make deep rough sounds.
 
If you croak, you speak with a rough voice because you have a sore or dry throat.

growl
 verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /ɡraʊl/ US 
 /ɡraʊl/
 
to make a low, rough sound, usually in anger:
The dog  growled  at  her and snapped  at her  ankles.
[ + speech  ] "Not now, I'm busy," he growled.

screech
verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /skriːtʃ/ US 
 /skriːtʃ/
 
to make an unpleasant, loud, high noise:
She was screeching at him at the top of her voice.
He was screeching  with  pain/laughter.
[ + speech  ] "Don't you  dare touch me!" she screeched.

chirp
verb
UK 
 /tʃɜːp/ US 
 /tʃɝːp/
 
[ I  ]
(also chirrup, UK/ˈtʃɪr.əp/ US/ˈtʃɪr.əp/)
(especially of a bird) to make a short high sound or sounds
 
[ + speech  ]
to say something with a high, happy voice:
"Morning!" she chirped.

hoot
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /huːt/ US 
 /huːt/
 
a short, loud, high sound:
She gave three  short hoots on the  car horn.
He gave a hoot of  laughter/derision.
 
the sound an owl makes

squawk
verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /skwɔːk/ US 
 /skwɑːk/
 
(of a bird) to make an unpleasantly loud, sharp noise:
As the  fox came into the  yard, the chickens began squawking in alarm.
 
to shout, scream, or cry in a loud, unpleasant way:
The baby never stopped squawking all  night.
 
informal disapproving
to complain about something noisily:
Environmental groups have been squawking about the decision to build the motorway  through a forest.

bark noun (DOG)
 
[ C ]
the loud, rough noise that a dog and some other animals make
bark
noun
UK 
 /bɑːk/

bellow
verb [ I  or T  ]
UK 
 /ˈbel.əʊ/ US 
 /ˈbel.oʊ/
 
to shout in a loud voice, or (of a cow or large animal) to make a loud, deep sound:
[ + speech  ] "Keep quiet!" the  teacher bellowed across the room.
We could hear  the sergeant bellowing orders to his troops.
The bull bellowed in pain.

buzz
verb
UK 
 /bʌz/ US 
 /bʌz/
buzz verb (MAKE SOUND)
 
C2 [ I ]
to make a continuous, low sound such as the one a bee makes:
I can  hear something buzzing.

chatter
verb [ I ]
UK 
 /ˈtʃæt.ər/ US 
 /ˈtʃæt̬ .ɚ/
chatter verb [I] (TALK/NOISE)
 
to talk for a long time about things that are not important:
She  spent  the  morning chattering away to her friends.
He chattered happily about nothing in  particular.

howl
verb
UK 
 /haʊl/ US 
 /haʊl/
howl verb (PERSON/ANIMAL)
 
[ I ]
If a dog or wolf howls, it makes a long, sad sound:
In the  silence of the  night, a lone wolf howled.
 
[ I or T ]
to make a loud sound, usually to express pain, sadness, or another strong emotion:
An  injured  dog lay in the  middle of the road, howling with/in pain.

hum
verb
UK 
 /hʌm/ US 
 /hʌm/
-mm-
hum verb (MAKE A NOISE)
 
[ I ]
to make a continuous low sound:
The computers  were humming in the background.
What's that  strange humming sound?

roar
verb
UK 
 /rɔːr/ US 
 /rɔːr/
 
C2 [ I  ]
to make a long, loud, deep sound:
We could hear  the lions roaring at the other end of the zoo.

squeak
verb
UK 
 /skwiːk/ US 
 /skwiːk/
squeak verb (SOUND)
 
C2 [ I ]
to make a short, very high cry or sound:
The mice in the cupboard squeaked.
The door squeaked as it swung  back and forth on its rusty hinges.

give a hoot
 
slang to care:
Many of my  friends  don’t give a hoot about college basketball.

chirpy
adjective
UK 
 /ˈtʃɜː.pi/ US 
 /ˈtʃɝː.pi/
 
happy and active:
She  seemed quite chirpy this morning.

crack down
— phrasal verb with crack verb
UK 
 /kræk/ US 
 /kræk/
 
C2
to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way:
The library is  cracking down on people  who lose their books.

use sth up
— phrasal verb with use verb
UK 
 /juːz/ US 
 /juːz/
 
B2
to finish a supply of something:
Don't use up all the milk - we need some for breakfast.

cut down
— phrasal verb with cut verb
UK 
 /kʌt/ US 
 /kʌt/
present participle cutting | past tense and past participle cut
 
to do or use less of something:
I'm  trying  to cut down on caffeine.
 wipe out
— phrasal verb with wipe verb [ T  ]
UK 
 /waɪp/ US 
 /waɪp/
US informal
 
to lose control, especially in a vehicle, and have an accident:
I was going too fast and I wiped out on the  bend.

come up against sth
— phrasal verb with come verb
UK 
 /kʌm/ US 
 /kʌm/
came | come
 
C1
to have to deal with a problem:
If you come up against difficulties, let me know and I'll help out.

amount to sth
— phrasal verb with amount verb
UK 
 /əˈmaʊnt/ US 
 /əˈmaʊnt/
(ADD UP TO)
 
to become a particular amount:
Their annual fuel  bills amounted to over £6,000.

step back
— phrasal verb with step verb [ I  + adv/prep  ]
UK 
 /step/ US 
 /step/
-pp-
 
to temporarily stop being involved in an activity or situation in order to think about it in a new way:
Let's just step back from the  problem and  think about what we could do.

harness
verb [ T  ]
UK 
 /ˈhɑː.nəs/ US 
 /ˈhɑːr.nəs/
 
to put a harness on a horse, or to connect a horse to a vehicle using a harness
 
to control something, usually in order to use its power:
There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power.
 untapped
adjective
UK 
 /ʌnˈtæpt/ US 
 /ʌnˈtæpt/
 
If a supply of something valuable is untapped, it is not yet used or taken advantage of:
untapped  assets/resources/markets/talent

inexhaustible
adjective
UK 
 /ˌɪn.ɪɡˈzɔː.stə.bəl/ US 
 /ˌɪn.ɪɡˈzɑː.stə.bəl/
 
existing in very great amounts that will never be finished:
There seemed to be an inexhaustible  supply of champagne at the wedding.

wide-eyed
adjective
UK 
 /ˌwaɪdˈaɪd/ US 
 /ˌwaɪdˈaɪd/
 
having your eyes open much wider than usual
 
too willing to believe and admire what you see or are told:
At that  time, I was still a wide-eyed youngster.
 daintily
adverb
UK 
 /ˈdeɪn.təl.i/ US 
 /ˈdeɪn.t̬ əl.i/
 
in an attractive, careful way, especially used about something small or having small movements:
She  skipped  daintily down the street, holding her father's hand.
He handed round a plate of tiny sandwiches, daintily arranged in rings.

lavishly
adverb
UK 
 /ˈlæv.ɪʃ.li/ US 
 /ˈlæv.ɪʃ.li/
 
in a way that is expensive or impressive:
The dining room was lavishly decorated.
They had always  lived comfortably, never lavishly.

grumpy
adjective
   informal
UK 
 /ˈɡrʌm.pi/ US 
 /ˈɡrʌm.pi/
 
C1
easily annoyed and complaining:
I hadn't had enough  sleep and was feeling kind  of grumpy.
a grumpy  old  man

trumpet
verb
UK 
 /ˈtrʌm.pɪt/ US 
 /ˈtrʌm.pət/
trumpet verb (ANIMAL CALL)
 
[ I ]
(of a large animal, especially an elephant) to produce a loud call:
We could hear  the elephants trumpeting in the distance.
 SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
trumpet verb (ANNOUNCE)
 
[ T ] mainly disapproving
to announce or talk about something proudly to a lot of people:
The museum has been loudly  trumpeting its reputation as one of the finest.
Their much-trumpeted "low low prices" affect only five percent of the  goods that they sell.

euphoric
adjective
UK 
 /juːˈfɒr.ɪk/ US 
 /juːˈfɔːr.ɪk/
 
extremely happy and excited:
a euphoric  mood
 wistfully
adverb
UK 
 /ˈwɪst.fəl.i/ US 
 /ˈwɪst.fəl.i/
 
in a way that is sad and shows someone is thinking about something that is impossible or in the past:
"I would love to go back to Venice," he said wistfully.
He speaks  wistfully of his time in the  limelight.

wallow
verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /ˈwɒl.əʊ/ US 
 /ˈwɑː.loʊ/
 
(especially of some animals) to lie or roll around slowly in deep, wet earth, sand, or water:
a hippopotamus  wallowing in mud

twitch
verb
UK 
 /twɪtʃ/ US 
 /twɪtʃ/
twitch verb (MOVE SLIGHTLY)
 
[ I or T ]
(to cause) to make a sudden small movement with a part of the body, usually without intending to:
He tried to suppress a smile but felt the corner of his mouth twitch.
She twitched her nose like a rabbit.

bound
adjective
UK 
 /baʊnd/ US 
 /baʊnd/
bound adjective (CERTAIN)
 
B2 [ after verb ]
certain or extremely likely to happen:
[ + to infinitive ] You're bound to forget people's names occasionally.
You're bound  to  feel nervous about your interview.
These two  young musicians are bound for  international success (= are certain to be successful).

skulk
verb [ I  usually  + adv/prep  ]
UK 
 /skʌlk/ US 
 /skʌlk/
 
to hide or move around as if trying not to be seen, usually with bad intentions:
I thought I saw  someone skulking in the bushes - maybe we should call the police.

straightforward
adjective
UK 
 /ˌstreɪtˈfɔː.wəd/ US 
 /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːr.wɚd/
 straightforward adjective (SIMPLE)
 
B2
easy to understand or simple:
Just  follow the signs to Bradford - it's very straightforward.

dump
verb [ T ]
UK 
 /dʌmp/ US 
 /dʌmp/
dump verb [T] (PUT DOWN)
 
C2
to put down or drop something in a careless way:
He came in with four shopping bags  and dumped them on the table.
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 She had been strangled with her own scarf  and her body dumped in the woods.

deterrent
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /dɪˈter.ənt/ US 
 /dɪˈter.ənt/
 
C2
something that deters people from doing something:
a nuclear  deterrent
Tougher  prison sentences may act/serve as  a deterrent to other would-be offenders.
 fret
verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /fret/ US 
 /fret/
-tt-
 
to be nervous or worried:
Don't fret - I'm sure  he's OK.
She  spent  the  day  fretting  about/over  what she'd said to Nicky.

tweak
verb [ T ]
UK 
 /twiːk/ US 
 /twiːk/
tweak verb [T] (CHANGE SLIGHTLY)
 
to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more correct, effective, or suitable:
The software is  pretty much there - it just needs a little tweaking.
You just need to tweak the last paragraph  and then it's done.
 SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

welfare
noun [ U ]
UK 
 /ˈwel.feər/ US 
 /ˈwel.fer/
welfare noun [U] (HELP)
 
C2
help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money:
Your  taxes  pay  for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.
UK After her month's sick leave, she was  summoned  to  see the company's welfare officer.

lifespan
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /ˈlaɪf.spæn/ US 
 /ˈlaɪf.spæn/
 
C2
the length of time for which a person, animal, or thing exists:
The average human lifespan in the  developed countries has increased  over the last hundred years.
The project's lifespan is estimated at about five years.

roam
verb
UK 
 /rəʊm/ US 
 /roʊm/
roam verb (MOVE AROUND)
 
[ I + adv/prep, T ]
to move about or travel, especially without a clear idea of what you are going to do:
After the  bars  close, gangs  of  youths  roam the city streets.
She roamed around  America for a year, working in bars and restaurants.

confine
verb
UK 
 /kənˈfaɪn/ US 
 /kənˈfaɪn/
 
C2 [ T  ]
to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:
Let's confine our discussion to the  matter in question,  please!
Please confine your use of the phone to business calls.
By  closing the  infected farms we're hoping  to confine the disease to the north of the  region  (= stop  it from  spreading to other areas).

whim
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /wɪm/ US 
 /wɪm/
 
C2
a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained:
We  booked  the trip on a whim.
You can add  what you want to this  mixture - brandy, whisky, or nothing at all - as the whim takes you.
Oh for a  husband who would indulge my every whim!

capture someone's attention
(also capture someone's imagination)
 
to interest someone:
Most of the textbooks we looked at were too dull to capture students' attention.

hurriedly
adverb
UK 
 /ˈhʌr.id.li/ US 
 /ˈhɝː.id.li/
 
in a way that is hurried (= done very quickly or too quickly):
The party was a rather hurriedly  arranged affair.
Families hurriedly  prepared for the storm, boarding up windows and finding shelter.

painstakingly
adverb
UK 
 /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪ.kɪŋ.li/ US 
 /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪ.kɪŋ.li/
 
in a way that shows you have taken a lot of care or made a lot of effort:
She painstakingly explained how the machine worked.

wearily
adverb
UK 
 /ˈwɪə.rəl.i/ US 
 /ˈwɪr.əl.i/
 
in a way that shows that you are very tired:
I dragged  myself wearily out of bed at five o'clock this morning.
People slumped wearily in their seats.
 
in a way that is boring, or that shows that you are bored with something because you have experienced too much of it:
The story  is wearily familiar, but with one  surprise.
"It's an old, old story," he says wearily.
crack of dawn
noun [ U  ]
US/ˈkræk əv ˈdɔn/
 
the early part of the morning when the sun first appears

starry
adjective
UK 
 /ˈstɑː.ri/ US 
 /ˈstɑːr.i/
starry adjective (WITH STARS)
 
lit by stars or shining like a star:
a starry  night/sky

stagger
verb
UK 
 /ˈstæɡ.ər/ US 
 /ˈstæɡ.ɚ/
stagger verb (MOVE)
 
C2 [ I usually + adv/prep ]
to walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall:
After he was attacked, he  managed to stagger to the phone and call for help.

stroll
verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /strəʊl/ US 
 /stroʊl/
 
C1
to walk in a slow relaxed way, especially for pleasure:
We could stroll along the beach after dinner.
An  elderly couple strolled  hand in hand in the park.

tramp
noun
UK 
-  /træmp/the sound of people all walking together with heavy steps:
The streets echoed with the tramp  of soldiers' feet.

trudge
verb [ I  usually  + adv/prep  ]
UK 
 /trʌdʒ/ US 
 /trʌdʒ/
 
C2
to walk slowly with a lot of effort, especially over a difficult surface or while carrying something heavy:
We trudged back up the hill.
I'd had to trudge  through the  snow.

wade
verb
UK 
 /weɪd/ US 
 /weɪd/
 
[ I  usually  + adv/prep , T  ] mainly UK
to walk through water or other liquid with some effort, because it is deep enough to come quite high up your legs, or thick :
The river was  full but we managed to wade across.
We waded a  shallow  river.
They had to wade through a swamp.

evaporation
noun [ U ]
UK 
 /ɪˌvæp.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ɪˌvæp.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
evaporation noun [U] (BECOMING GAS)
 
the process of a liquid changing to a gas, especially by heating:
Ice  cover prevents  evaporation of water from the lake surface.
Fruit  juice is  concentrated through evaporation.

proliferation
noun [ U  ]
   formal
UK 
 /prəˌlɪf.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
 
the fact of something increasing a lot and suddenly in number or amount:
The past two years have seen  the proliferation of TV channels.
nuclear  weapons proliferation
 desalination
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌdiː.sæl.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /diːˌsæl.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
 
the process of removing salt from sea water:
a desalination plant (= factory)

decimation
noun [ U  ]
UK 
 /ˌdes.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ US 
 /ˌdes.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/
 
the act of killing a something in large numbers, or reducing something severely:
the  virtual decimation of the  population through influenza

twittering
noun [ C or U ]
UK/ˈtwɪt.ər.ɪŋ/ US/ˈtwɪt̬ .ɚ.ɪŋ/
twittering noun [C or U] (BIRD)
 
a series of short, high sounds made by a bird:
They were  soothed  by the gentle  rush of wind, the lapping of water and the twittering of birds.
The chatter  rose like the twitterings of starlings.

to climb quickly and without care:
Paul scrabbled up the  cliff, dislodging several small stones.
We were scrabbling over the rocks as fast as we could.- scrabble
verb [ I  + adv/prep  ]
UK 
 /ˈskræb.əl/

Znaczenie słowa  lap  w języku angielskim

 
lap
noun
UK 
 /læp/ US 
 /læp/
lap noun (LEGS)
 
(of waves) to hit something gently, producing quiet sounds:
The water lapped against the  side  of the pool.
The waves gently lapped the shore.- lap
noun
UK 
 /læp/

a sudden loud noise made by thunder:
There was  a clap of  thunder  and then it started to pour with rain.
clap
verb
UK 
 /klæp

the sound of a lot of things gently and repeatedly hitting a surface:

I find the patter of  rain on the roof soothing.- patter
noun
UK 
 /ˈpæt.ər/

credential
noun
UK 
 /krɪˈden.ʃəl/ US 
 /krɪˈden.ʃəl/
 credentials [ plural  ]
 
the abilities and experience that make someone suitable for a particular job or activity, or proof of someone's abilities and experience:
All the  candidates had excellent  academic credentials.
She was asked to show her press credentials.

stand
noun
UK 
 /stænd/ US 
 /stænd/
stand noun (SPORT)
 
[ C ] UK
a large structure at a sports ground, usually with a sloping floor and sometimes a roof, where people either stand
or sit to watch a sports event
Fighting  broke out in the stands five  minutes before the end of the match.

cultivate
verb [ T ]
UK 
 /ˈkʌl.tɪ.veɪt/ US 
 /ˈkʌl.tə.veɪt/
cultivate verb [T] (USE LAND)
 
C1
to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop:
Most of the land there is too  poor to cultivate.
The villagers  cultivate mostly maize  and beans.

alleviate
verb [ T  ]
   formal
UK 
 /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ US 
 /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/
 
to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe:
The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

aggravating
adjective
UK 
 /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪ.tɪŋ/ US 
 /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪ.t̬ ɪŋ/
aggravating adjective (ANNOYING)
 
informal
annoying:
I find him really aggravating.

not by any manner of means

UK old-fashioned
 
not in any way:
I'm not  satisfied with his excuse - not by any manner of means.

steer clear of sb/sth

 
C2
to avoid someone or something that seems unpleasant, dangerous, or likely to cause problems:
Her  speech steered  clear of controversial issues.
They  warned their children to steer  clear of drugs.

soft spot
noun
UK 
 /ˈsɒft ˌspɒt/ US 
 /ˈsɑːft ˌspɑːt/
 have a soft spot for sb
 
C2
to feel that you like someone very much:
She'd always had a soft spot for her younger  nephew.

anathema
noun [ C  usually singular , U  ]
UK 
 /əˈnæθ.ə.mə/ US 
 /əˈnæθ.ə.mə/
 
something that is strongly disliked or disapproved of:
Credit  controls  are anathema to the government.
For older employees, the new system  is an anathema.

bridle
verb
UK 
 /ˈbraɪ.dəl/ US 
 /ˈbraɪ.dəl/
bridle verb (SHOW ANGER)
 
[ I ]
to show sudden anger:
She bridled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest.

leave much to be desired

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variants: or  leave a lot to be desired or leave a great deal to be desired

Definition of leave much to be desired
—used to say that something is not very good at all or is not close to being good enough Your work leaves much to be desired.Although her
education left a great deal to be desired, she was an extremely intelligent person.The working conditions here leave a lot to be desired.

eat your words
 
to admit that something you said before was wrong:
Sam  said it would never sell, but when he sees these sales figures he'll have to eat his words.

grant
verb
UK 
 /ɡrɑːnt/ US 
 /ɡrænt/
grant verb (GIVE)
 
B2 [ T ]
to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way:
[ + two objects ] They granted her an entry visa.
He was granted asylum.
formal She granted  their request/wish.
 Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples
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 SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
grant verb (ACCEPT)
 
[ T + (that) ]
to accept that something is true, often before expressing an opposite opinion:
I grant that it must have been upsetting  but  even so I think she overreacted.
I  grant you (= it is true that), it's a difficult situation but I feel sure  he could have handled  it more  sensitively.
 take sth for granted
 
B2
to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it:
I didn't  realize that Melanie hadn't been to college - I suppose I just took it for granted.

issue
noun [ C  ]
UK 
 /ˈɪʃ.uː/ /ˈɪs.juː/ US 
 /ˈɪʃ.uː/ /ˈɪs.juː/

take issue with sth C1 formal

 
to disagree strongly:
I took issue with him over  his interpretation of the instructions.

devil-may-care
adjective
UK 
 /ˌdev.əl.meɪˈkeər/ US 
 /ˌdev.əl.meɪˈker/
 
not considering or worrying about the results of your actions:
He has a devil-may-care attitude to life.

fester
verb [ I  ]
UK 
 /ˈfes.tər/If an argument or bad feeling festers, it continues so that feelings of hate or lack of satisfaction increase:
It's  better to express your anger  than let it fester inside you.
a festering argument/dispute

rancid
adjective
UK 
 /ˈræn.sɪd/ US 
 /ˈræn.sɪd/
 
(of butter, oil, etc.) tasting or smelling unpleasant because of not being fresh

busted
adjective
 mainly US informal
UK 
 /ˈbʌs.tɪd/ US 
 /ˈbʌs.tɪd/
busted adjective (BROKEN)
 
(UK usually bust)
broken:
Here's how to get help with a busted  phone.
He carried on playing  guitar  despite a busted finger.

busted adjective (CAUGHT)
 
caught or arrested by the police for doing something illegal:
He was busted for marijuana possession  ten years ago.
 
seen doing something wrong by someone:
Were you  ever busted for  smoking at school?
I saw you! You are so busted!

bolshy
adjective
 UK informal (also bolshie)
UK 
 /ˈbɒl.ʃi/ US 
 /ˈboʊl.ʃi/
 
A bolshy person often argues and makes difficulties:
He's a  bit  bolshy these days.

po-faced
adjective
UK 
 /ˌpəʊˈfeɪst/ US 
 /ˈpoʊˌfeɪst/
 
UK informal disapproving
too serious and disapproving:
Two po-faced men came to inspect the house.
The film is serious  but not po-faced.

paranoia
noun
UK 
 /ˌpær.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ US 
 /ˌper.əˈnɔɪ.ə/
 
[ C  or U  ]
an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you:
There's a lot of paranoia  about crime at the moment.

wind sb up
— phrasal verb with wind verb
UK 
 /waɪnd/ US 
 /waɪnd/
wound | wound
UK informal
(ANNOY)
 
to annoy or upset someone:
It really winds me up when he goes on about teachers having an easy life.
She just  knows how to wind me up.

pipe up
— phrasal verb with pipe verb
UK 
 /paɪp/ US 
 /paɪp/
informal
 
to suddenly start to speak or make a noise:
In the  silence that followed, a lone voice piped  up from the back of the room.

cut sb dead
 
to pretend you do not know someone in order to show you are angry:
I said "Good morning" but he just cut me dead.

detrimental
adjective
   formal
UK 
 /ˌdet.rɪˈmen.təl/ US 
 /ˌdet.rəˈmen.t̬ əl/
 
C2
causing harm or damage:
These chemicals  have a detrimental  effect/impact on the environment.
Their decision  could be detrimental to the future of the company.

far-sighted
adjective
UK 
 /ˌfɑːˈsaɪ.tɪd/ US 
 /ˌfɑːrˈsaɪ.t̬ ɪd/
far-sighted adjective (WISE)
 
UK
having good judgment about what will be needed in the future and making wise decisions based on this:
Buying those shares was a very far-sighted move - they must be worth ten  times  their original  value now.

inferior
adjective
UK 
 /ɪnˈfɪə.ri.ər/ US 
 /ɪnˈfɪr.i.ɚ/
 
C1
not good, or not as good as someone or something else:
These products  are inferior to those we bought last year.
She  cited cases in which women had received inferior healthcare.
It was clear the group were regarded as intellectually/morally/socially  inferior.

by and large
 
C1
when everything about a situation is considered together:
There are a few  small things that I don't like about my job, but by and large it's very enjoyable.

hard-and-fast
adjective
US/ˈhɑrd·ənˈfæst/
 
not to be changed:
a hard-and-fast rule

the ins and outs

noun [ plural  ]
UK 
 /ˌɪnz ənd ˈaʊts/ US 
 /ˌɪnz ənd ˈaʊts/
 
C2
the detailed or complicated facts of something:
I know how to use computers, but I don't really understand the ins  and outs of how they work.

the length and breadth of somewhere

 
C2
If you travel the length and breadth of a place, you go to every part of it:
She  travelled  the length and breadth of Ireland looking for her missing brother.

to and fro
adverb [ before noun  ], adjective
UK 
 /ˌtuː ən ˈfrəʊ/ US 
 /ˌtuː ən ˈfroʊ/
 
in one direction and then in the opposite direction, a number of times:
She was gazing  out the window, rocking rhythmically to and fro.

formidable
adjective
UK 
 /fɔːˈmɪd.ə.bəl/ US 
 /fɔːrˈmɪd.ə.bəl/
 
C2
causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult:
a formidable  obstacle/task
a formidable  adversary/enemy/opponent
a formidable  intellect

meet your match
 
to compete unsuccessfully with someone:
He was a good  player, but he met his match in Peter.

put paid to sth

UK
 
to finish or destroy something:
A  knee injury has put paid to her chances of getting into the final.

take exception to sth/sb

 
C2
to be offended or made angry by something or someone:
Why did you take exception to what he said? He was only joking.

lend your support (to sth)

 
to support someone or something:
I have lent my  support to his plan for a private referendum.

get hold of
(US also get ahold of)
 
B2 informal
to find someone or obtain something:
Where can I get hold of some  stamps?
How can I get  ahold  of Chris?

in all likelihood
 
C2
almost certainly:
In all likelihood everything will go to plan.

on occasion
 
sometimes but not often:
He has, on occasion, told a small  lie.

at short notice
UK (US on short notice)
 
C1
only a short time before something happens:
I can't  cancel my plans at such short notice.

on the strength of something

 
because of something:
I invested in the company on the strength of my brother’s advice.

scruple
noun [ C  or U  ]
UK 
 /ˈskruː.pəl/ US 
 /ˈskruː.pəl/
 
a feeling that prevents you from doing something that you think is morally wrong or makes you uncertain about doing it:
Robin Hood had no scruples about robbing the  rich  to give to the poor.
He is a man  without  scruple - he has no conscience.