GOAL

CONVERSATION MODEL
A@
Read and listen to peopte getting reacquaínted,
A: Audrey, have you met Hanah?
B: No, 1 haven't.
A: Hanah, l'd likc you to meet Audrey.
C: Hi, Audrey. You look familiar. Have we met beíore?
B: 1 don't think so.
C: 1 know! tast month. You were at my síster Nicole's pany.
8: Oh, that's righll How neve you been?

s@ Rhythm and intonation listen again and repeaL

Then pracuce the Conversation Model wtrh a partner.
Contrbctlons
have met • 've met
has met • 's met
GRAMMAR T/Je present perfect bave not met • haven't �t -----,
has not met = hasn't met
Use the present pertect to talk about an indefinite time in the pa,t. L
Use the simple past tense to talk about a definile or specific time.
lrregul·arverbs
pre.en! perfect: lndellnlte time •Imple p3$1 lense: dellnlte time base form simple past pa:st participle
l've mel Bill lwice. We met in 1999 and again in 2004. be was / were been
come eame come
Form the pre se ni perfect with J1m or .1Jn and a past parficiple. do did done
For regular verbs, the past participle torm Is íhe same as the ••t ate ea ten
simple pasl torm: (open-+ opened, slul!y-+ studled) foil tell fallen
{'ve }
We haven't met them. {'s }
She hasn't called hlm. ººhave
1nakc
v,ent
had
made
gone
had
made
Have you met lhem? Has she called him? moct mot mot
Yes, \\'e have. / No, v,e haven't. Yes, she has./ No, she nasn't, see saw seen
speak spoke spoken
take took taken
write v,rote written
A Pair work Complete the conversations with the present For more irregular verb forms,.
perfect or the simple past tense. Then practice the open Reference Ch,ru on your
conversauons with a partne« ActiveBcol< Self-Study Clise.

1 A: our new teacher?

J,\kt / n'""' . : ''
8: Yes, He her In tbe office this moming.
2 A: "''"''
10 this cíass before?
• íht pta«'ll ptd«J.
inlormofion qvcl'lOnl
lhcy / be'
B: No, They're new at this school.
3 A:. · · · · · · .. in the new school restaurant?
):á;;¡ ea·1
8: No, .. . Is it good?
4 A: with the school director?
yout cl1u.smates J �<
8: Yes, They wlth her yesterday.
""''
-
5 A: the new language lab?
8tlh J see
B: No, Bvl she the library.

4 UNIT 1
 B Grammar praclice Complete the message with the present perfect or the simple past tense.

I h•ve •t.vays rememt,ered your wonde�ul Engtrsh ctasses in Rome. and when I
you on FaceSpaco yoseo<day, 1 (2 dKlcft) [
10 send you a messago to $ilY helio. Wo (3 1101 seel each omo, In yca,s!
So let me tell you ,vtia! rvc becn up to. In 2006.1 (4 ,nove) to Canada,
and l'm living in Montreal right now. rm still studying Engish. and I recefltfy
Antolnetta (5 «vOII) in a 9rea1 tanguage school here. t (6 t,..,...t)

Birthdaiy: June 3 a tot io Canadá and the US, 100. 1 (7 be) to Totonto, Halifax-. Boston,

Current city. Montreal and New York.1 (8 go) back home to Rome to vi.sit my parents last

Hometown: Rome Septembef. Sorry 1 (9 not call) 1 you then! Oo you think my English is

beee- now1 l'm going to keep &tudying until l can speak as well as you! Afle1 more than three

P SEARCH years hore, 1 (1 O fall) [ in 1ow wilh lhis cily! Let's kaep io toucll. lf you
l�BOX come to Montreo.l. fd love to show you around.
• SENT
Antoinotta

•4;l•i4WNtiii·t• Sound reductíon in the present perfect

A@ Listen to how the sound /1/ ol the negollvc corurecüon •disa¡>pears.• Toen listen again and repcat.
1 1 haven'( been to that class.
-.....,-
3 They haven'(
�
taken the test
2 He ha� his new teacher. 4 She hasn'i hear the news.
'-
B N()\,V practice saying the sentence.s on your own.

\.. NOW YOU CAN �· i 1 1•1 1 :, 11 r· , 1 •

Group work A<lapt the Conversatíon Model. With two other students, make
introductions and get reacquainted. Use lhe present perfecL Then change lhe Ideas
situation and roles. Youmet.•.
· ata pa,ty
A: , have you met ? • Jt il meedng
• ata fdend's houSé
B: No, 1 haven't, • in a ctass
A: . . . .. , I'd like you to meet. • ()'Ou, own idea) _

C: ........• You lookfamiliar.

Have we met beíore? Don't stop!
Engago lo small talk.
B: ...••... Talk about how lho wcalhcr h1s bectn.
Ask what your partners dld before d4ss began.
Introduce other classmates.

5
 GOAL

VOCABULARY Tourist actlvlties around the world

A@
Read and listen. Then lislen ngain and repeat,

� . '

. '· . s-

·��-�· ..._
dimb Mt. Fuji go sightseeing in NewYork go to the top of the EiffelToWer
�
·.n...... - ,=
------
-----
-���

take a tour of the Tower oí London take plcture, of the Great Wall

B Pair work What 1ourisl activilies have you done? , , l'w, dimbed
two
Which haven'l you done? Use the Vocabulary and !he famous mou11tains.,,
present perfec1.
, , 1 heven't gone to the top of the
Empire Stcite Building in New York.,,
GRAMMAR The present perfect: atready. ru � and befare
Use ni or il1Um in quesllons about recen! experlences.
Have you toured Quito yet? Has she alrudy tried Korean barbecue?
Use l!!llfi in allirmalive slalemenls. Usen! in negalive stalements.
l've already tried sushi. 1 haven'l llied sashimi yet. Be careíul!
You can use .mfga in affirmativé
Use ll1! or .lll1au in queslions aboul lile uperience.s. st&lements. But don't uw U&J:,
Have you ever eaten lndlan lood? Has she ever been lo London? Don't s.,y:
Have you eaien Thal lood belore? Has she been to Par1$ belore? l've1'Yef bffn to london btíore.
Use 1lIIW or .lll1au In alllrmallve stalements. Use b•n a•ver or
b•veol ever In negatlve statements. ' ...
l\>e already lrled lndlan lood three times. but l've never tñed Thal lood.
l'\'e tóed lndian lood belore, but I haven't ever tóed Thai food.

A Grammar praclíce On a separare sheet oí paper, use 1he words to write statemems or questions
in the presenl períect.
1 (you / go sightseeing / in London I beíore) 3 (lhey / ever / be I to Buenos Aires)
2 (she / already / try I Guatemalan food) 4 (we / not take a tour of I Prague / yet)

6 UNIT 1
 @ustening
B comprehension Listen to each conversauon and complete lhe
quesuons, Then listen ag,Jin and complete the short answers.
Que,tíom Short Answers
1 Ha, she of the , she ...•........
Creal Pyrnmlds yet?
2 Has he . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . • in Kyoto yet? , he .
3 Hasshe ever ceviche? . . , she .
4 Has he already . . . lhe Pyramid of the Sun? ..... ,he .
5 Has she ever ........ .. to Beijing before? .... ,she .
6 Has she .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . of the , she .
FO<bidden Cily yet?

C Wríte five questions about tourist acllvíties in your

city or coumry. U��. nlrendy. J:l!f!. and lltlll!f.

Hove vov ever tried oor feafood dirl.ef?

CONVERSATION MODEL
@Read
A and listen to someone greeting a visitar.
A: Wekome lo Rio. Have you ever been here belore?
B: No, lt's my lirsl time. But yesterdoy I went lo
Sugarloof. u was really beautfful.
A: That's gr<at. Have you tried feijoada yet?
B: Feijoada? No, 1 haven't. What's that?
A: lt's a famous Brazilian dísh, 1 think you'll like ít,
e@Rhythm and intonation Listen
again and repeaL
Then practice the Conversation Model with a pertner.

NOWYOU C Greet a visitor to your country

A Notepaddlng On the nolepad, write at least llve
activitiu lor a tourlst In your city or coonlly. Actlvity Oc.scrlptlon
t,y ft1JOttJo h�r o fo,.,ovt B,02mo,.. J;ir,.
B Pair work Change the Conversatioo Model to greet a
vísitor to jlllU! country. Use the present perfect. Suggest Activitv Oe.scriotion
tourist activities in your city. Use your notepad. Then
change roles.
A: Welcome to ........ Hove yoo ever been here before?
8: No, it's my first time. But yesterday 1 .........
A: Have you ........ yel?
Oon't stop!

•• 1
8: .
Aslc •bcxit other plac
and tourfst actlvftJes.
C Change partners Practicc ine J
corwersatíon again, asking about olher
tourist activites on your notepad.
7
 Grammar Booster 1
The Grammar Booster Is optlonal. lt Is not required lor the achlevement tests In the
Top Notch Complete Asse.s.sment Package. lf you use the Grammar Booster, there are
additional Grammar Booster exercíses in the Workbook in a s.eparate labeled section.

UNIT 1 Lesson 1

The present perlec;t: lnformatlon questfons

Forn1 lnforn1atlon questlons by lnverting.b.au and tlle subJect of lhe sentence.

1,Vhat have you seen In Piuis?
What (OR Whlch) counttles have you wlslted?
Whore has she found the best souvenlrs?
Hew have your parcnt, been?
How many cltie, hawe you vlsfted thís v1.ek?
Who have you lraveled wllh?
Noto: When Wbo Is lho subJect ol lhe senlenee, there i. no lnverslon.
Who has traveled to M"1ml In the lasl two monlh,? 1
On a separate sheet of papel', wtite infomiation questions. Use the present perfect.
1 whal dishes / she /t,y / in Mérida 5 how / ycu- childN!n I be
2 v,ho I you /invito/ to tho party 6 who / dimb I Grouso Mountain
3 v,here I he I ,vort< J befare 7 wllat I they I hear I about the new W>ool
4 v,hich movios / thoy f seo 8 how many tinos/ sho / talco I that ctass

UNIT 1 Lesson 2 ( GGtoU•II )

The present perlect: use and placement of yet and a/ready

Use .altn.d.y in affirmative atatements. Place alteady before tbe maia verb oral tbe end of the slatemeot.
l've already read the boot OR l've read lhe book already.
Use yeJ fn negativo statement,. Place veJ at tbe end 01 tht statement or betweenllaxe and the base form.
I haven't read lhe book yel OR I haven'I yet read lhe boot.
Use Y.e.l or ..alJ.e_ady In quesüens.
{ HHave
Have you read the book yet? OR you alredathdy '�tlie boo
l �
.ave you rea e uu..... a rea.. ,,
Be carefull
Don't use yet In afflrmatlve Slalements. Don, use already 11 negative slalements.
OON'T SAY Yes. l've read lhe bookv.t. /Ho, 1 h.tva,ltt'tady read the book.
Don't use ever wllh yet or already.
OON'T SAY Have you "'"' read lh• boolc v.t? I Hd',e you..., read lhe book ""'3dy?

A On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite each statement or question, using alt:e-ady or ,W.
t (yet) Has she finished the homeworl<? 3 (alreadyj We've tried fñed clams several times.
2 (yet) They haven't seen tho movie. 4 (aln>ady} Has your father left?

B On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite eac.h senten<;e, vsing akeadw or lfd.

t I haven'I had dlnner. 3 Thoy haven, callad home.
2 She's been to London, Bertin., and Rome. 4 \NeVe finished our class.

122 Grammar Booster

 The present perlecr: e.MM, nmmr, and balam

Use mr In queslions. Use AWt In negaUve sratemems and shot1 answers. Do nol 11se .eru in affirmative stalements.
{ Yes, 1 have. OR Yes., l've made sushi t�OT ves, l've t\ler made sushi.
Ha,,e you ever made sushl?
No, 1 never have. OR No, l've never made sushi,
You can also use bln.te. In negaUve .sialements wllb.QüU,
lve never been to Thailand before.
In very infonnal spcech, ever is sometimes used to strongty en1phasize never. This meaning of ever is similar to •¡n my wbole lite."
l"ve never ever been to Thailand.

C On a separate sheet of paper, answer each question, using real information. tf the answer is yes,
write when this happened.
1 Have you ever gone on a cruite? 4 Have you ever meta famous person?
2 Havo you ovo, ttiod lndian food? 5 Havo you ovo, fallen In lovo?
3 Have you ever been to Hawaii? 6 Have you ever played golf?

UNIT 2 Lesson 1 ( Go10Uni1 )

Tl18 present parfecr a11d the pntsent perfect contlnuous: unnnlshed actlons

Unlinlshed (or conllnuous) aellons are !hose lhal bogan In lhe pasl, conllnue In lhe presenl, and may poulbly conllnue lnlo
lho luluro. Here a11 lhroe ways 10 lalk aboul unflnlshed aellons:
1 lhe pruenl pertecl wi111 slnce: Use sin ce wllh a slaled ,1,n fimo In lhe pacl.
rve li1,ed here sin ce 2001. (2001 is the stated start tilne. 1 stm üve nere, so the action "'continues."l
2 lhc pre se ni perfect witl11or: Use l_or lo describe the perlad 1>1 lin1e lrom lle stat1 unlil the pnisent.
l'•,e 11•,ed here tor five years. (Emphasis Is on lhe live·ye3r period. l still llve here. so lhe ac\lon ·conllnues.·¡
a lhe presenl pertec1 conllnuous wllh.111! or ¡jw. (Fonn lhe ptesenl perlec1 conllnuous wllh lhe prennl penecl of .blanda
presenl ponlclple.)
rve been IMng hcro slnce 2001. OR rve been living here lor llve yea11. (In bolh cases, the actlon "con1lnues.")
When descrlblng conllnulng and unflnlshed acllons wllhl.lu and lÜWI, lhe presenl perletl and 1110 presenl perlecl conllnuous
are bolh coneCI. Somo people feel the presenl perleel conllnuous emphaslzu lhe conllnulng time a bll more.

A Rood tho scntcnco, wlth the proaont perloct. Check oach sontonco th.at doscrlbos an 1Jnflni1h&d (or continulng) •ctiol'I,
C 1 The Grant& have llved In Buenos Aires &lnce the late Cl S Wo ha.ve eaten In that great lnd,an ,estaurant tor years.
sevonltes. CJ 6 They've eaten In that lndian restaurant betore.
C 2 Carmen has been living in Buenos Aires sine, last year. n 7 My brolhor has beon playing tennis for many years.
C 3 l've vlslted Paris three times. O 8 Mln·ji hos ployod tonnis twico.
C 4 Ted has been vlstting Porls slnce the 1980'•·

8 Complete eaeh statement with the present perlect contJnuous.

1 Vlall·E (play) at the Children's C·lassics Cinema every Saturday since 2009.
2 Robert (v,ait) in lhe ticket holders' line for a pretty long time.
3 Pcople--------- (\o1orry o.bout) vlolencc in movics sincc the sbctics.
4 I' (talk about) that movie ro, v,ccks.
5 We' (como) 10 this classlcs movle 1hoator for tv,o yoars.

Grammar Booster 123