2.

1 this/that/these/those

1 We use this, that, these, those to talk about people and things.

near not near

singular this  that  

plural these  those  

1 This is my pen.
2 That is your phone.
3 These are my books.
4 Those are your friends.

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 2.1 verb be (it/they)

1 We often use the verb be to ask and answer questions about people and things.

1 A What’s/is this in English?

B It’s/is a book.

2 A What’s/is that in English?

B It’s/is a tablet.

3 A What are these in English?

B They’re/are keys.

4 A What are those in English?

B They’re/are bags.

2 We do not use contractions in questions with are. What’re those in English?

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 2.1 verb be (it/they)

1 We often use this/that to introduce or talk about people.

1 This is my friend Sam.

2 A Who’s this/that?
B It’s my friend Amy.

3 A Who are these/those people?

B They’re my friends from school.

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 2.2 Verb be (he/she/it/they)

1 We use the verb be to talk about people, things and people’s jobs. We use
contractions in positive and negative sentences.
Subject be
He ’s/is a teacher.
She ’s/is a doctor.
Positive
It ’s/is a taxi.
They ’re/are doctors.
He isn’t/is not a teacher.
She isn’t/is not a shop assistant.
Negative
It isn’t/is not a phone.
They ’re not/aren’t/are not students.
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 2.2 Verb be (he/she/it/they)
1 We do not use contractions in questions and positive short answers with be.
be subject Short answers (+) Short answers (-)

No, he/she/it is not.

Is he/she/it from China? Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it isn’t.

No, they are not.

Are they engineers? Yes, they are. No, they’re not.
No, they aren’t.

2 We only use contractions in negative short answers.

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 2.3 Subject pronouns

1 We use different subject pronouns for different people.

Singular subject pronouns: I You He She It
Plural subject pronouns: We You They

1 I’m a student. 5 It’s not my bag.

2 You’re my friend. 6 We aren’t from Madrid.
3 He’s a teacher. 7 You are good students.
4 She’s from Chile. 8 They are my pens.

2 We use a subject pronoun in place of a noun or a name.

The car is blue. It is very small. Kim and Dan are British. They are my friends.

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