Personal Development

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Quarter 1 – Module 3: Developmental Stage
Developmental Stages in 3. Early Childhood (2 to 6 years)
Middle and Late Adolescence
Characteristics
Lesson 1: Developmental Task and Challenges - Pre-gang age, exploratory, and
during Adolescence questioning. Language and Elementary
reasoning are acquired and initial
The physical changes associated with socialization is experienced.
puberty become the basis for new emotional ----------------------------------------------------------------
experiences. For example, it is common for Developmental Stage
parents to note their children become more 4. Late Childhood (6 to 12 years)
moody and irritable during this period of their
lives. This moodiness is commonly attributed to Characteristics
the sudden and fluctuating hormonal levels, or - Gang and creativity age when self-help
“raging hormones”. skills, social skills, school skills, and play
are developed.
It is certainly true that sex hormones ----------------------------------------------------------------
are powerful chemical agents that can affect Developmental Stage
mood. During puberty, the body is adjusting to 5. Adolescence (puberty to 18 years)
these fluctuating hormone levels and this
fluctuation does create mood swings. However, Characteristics
there are several other physical causes - Transition age from childhood to
accounting for increased moodiness apart from adulthood when sex maturation and
fluctuating hormones. rapid physical development occur
resulting to changes in ways and
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES feelings, thinking, and acting.
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Human Development focuses on Developmental Stage
human growth and changes across the lifespan, 6. Early Adulthood (18 to 40 years old)
including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual,
perceptual, personality and emotional growth. Characteristics
- Age of adjustment to new patterns of
The study of human developmental life and roles such as spouse, parent
stages is essential to understanding how and bread winner.
humans learn, mature and adapt. Throughout ----------------------------------------------------------------
their lives, humans go through various stages of Developmental Stage
development. 7. Middle Age (40 years to retirement)

The human being is either in a state of Characteristics

growth or decline, but either condition imparts
change. Some aspects of our life change very
little over time, are consistent. Other aspects
change dramatically. By understanding these
changes, we can better respond and plan ahead
effectively.
- Transition age when adjustments to
initial physical and mental decline are
experienced.
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Developmental Stage
8. Maturity/Old Age (Retirement to death)

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Characteristics

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Developmental Stage
1. Pre-natal (conception to birth)
Characteristics
- Age when hereditary endowments and
sex are fixed and all body features, both
external and internal are developed.
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Developmental Stage
2. Infancy (Birth to 2 years)
Characteristics
- Foundation age when basic behavior
are organized and many ontogenetic
maturation skills are developed.
- Retirement age when increasingly rapid
physical and mental decline are
experienced.
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Erikson’s Eight Stages of Personality
Development
Erik Erikson’s eight stages of
personality development define each stage of
human development with a crisis or a conflict.
Each crisis or conflict either gets resolved or
may be left unresolved, resulting in favorable or
unfavorable outcomes.
In referring to these eight stages of
development espoused by Erikson, it is
important to know that the stages are Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or
borderless and flowing, not strictly fixed and Crisis
definite. An adolescent who is experiencing Favorable Results
identity issues may also be experiencing - Learns that being assertive, using power
intimacy issues (young adulthood) or may still and being purposeful can influence
be struggling with inferiority (of school age), their environment. Develops sense of
depending on whether or not they were able to purpose Starts to evaluate one’s
resolve each stage crisis. behavior.

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Personality Unfavorable Results

Development - When using too much power and
---------------------------------------------------------------- control, might experience disapproval
Stage 1 resulting in lack of self- confidence and
- Infancy (from birth to 18 months) sense of guilt. Pessimism, fear of being
wrongly judge
Influential Figure ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Parents Stage 4
- School Age (6-12 years)
Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved
- Trust vs. Mistrust Influential Figure
- Parents and Teachers
Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or
Crisis Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved
Favorable Results - Industry vs. Inferiority
- Able to trust others when primary
caregiver (usually the mother) provide Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or
caring, attention, and love. Crisis
Favorable Results
Unfavorable Results - Learns how to cope with the school
- Mistrusting others, withdrawal or environment and its demands. Learns
estrangement how to create, develop, and
------------------------------------------------------------- manipulate. Develops a sense of
Stage 2 competence and perseverance.
- Early Childhood (18 months to 3 years)
Unfavorable Results
Influential Figure - Loss of hope, sense of being mediocre
- Parents Develops feelings of inferiority
Withdrawal from school and peers
Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved ----------------------------------------------------------------
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Stage 5
- Adolescence (12-20 years)
Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or
Crisis Influential Figure
Favorable Results - Teachers and Significant Others
- Develops self-control and physical skills,
and sense of independence without Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved
losing self-esteem. Ability to cooperate - Identity vs. Role Confusion
and to express oneself. Develops feeling
of autonomy Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or
Crisis
Unfavorable Results Favorable Results
- Compulsive self-restraint or compliance - Develops a sense of self and identity.
Willfulness and defiance Failure will Plans to actualize one’s abilities.
result in feelings of shame and doubt Develops the ability to stay true to
---------------------------------------------------------------- oneself.
Stage 3
- Late Childhood (Pre-school) (3-5 years) Unfavorable Results
- Feeling of Confusion, indecisiveness,
Influential Figure and anti- social behavior Weak sense of
- Parents and Teachers self
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Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved Stage 6
- Initiative vs. Guilt - Young Adulthood (20-25 years)
Influential Figure Acceptance of the inevitability of death
- Friends and transitioning.
-
Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved Unfavorable Results
- Intimacy vs. Isolation - Sense of loss, contempt for others May
results in regret, bitterness and despair
Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or ----------------------------------------------------------------
Crisis
Favorable Results Identity is the concept of an individual
- Develops a strong need to form about himself and is often referred to as “self-
intimate, loving relationships with a identity,” molded through various interactive
group of people or with another experiences around himself, such as their family
person. Develops strong relationships and community, and his responses in terms of
Learns commitment to work and with thinking, attitude and behavior to external
another person or group. stimuli.

Unfavorable Results Identity is a self-belief of what the

- Impersonal, weak relationships individual thinks and feels about himself. Roles
Avoidance of relationship, career, or oftentimes form part of this self-identity, such
lifestyle commitments. May result in as birth order in the family, the nature of work,
isolation and loneliness. occupation or title, and academic and social
---------------------------------------------------------------- standing. Identity is also influenced by how
Stage 7 others perceive an individual.
- Adulthood (25-65 years)
Role confusion is the negation of self-
Influential Figure identity, in a sense that there is confusion over
- Community one’s self-concept or the absence or lack of
such a concept. Role confusion affects an
Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved individual’s relationship with others, because
- Generativity vs. Stagnation there is no clear definition of what he/she is
and how he/she relates to others.
Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or
Crisis The adolescent’s physiological
Favorable Results transitioning is very pronounced at this stage.
- Creates or nurture things that will Puberty kicks in and is fueled by the hormonal
outlast them, either by having children changes that are occurring and pushing the
or creating a positive change that adolescent toward sexual maturation. At this
benefits others. Creativity, productivity, stage, the brain also continues to develop.
feeling of usefulness and
accomplishment, and concern for Cognitive growth among adolescents is
others. usually marked by the way they are able to
comprehend abstract concepts, such as
Unfavorable Results freedom and human rights. Their beliefs about
- Self-indulgence, self- concern, or lack of morality, religion, and politics are also starting
interests and commitments Shallow to evolve.
involvement in the world, pessimism
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Stage 8
- Maturity (65 years to death)

Influential Figure
- Community

Conflict or Crisis to be Resolved

- Integrity vs. Despair

Possible Results from Resolving Conflicts or

Crisis
Favorable Results
- Sense of fulfillment as one looks back in
one’s life and develops feelings of
wisdom. Acceptance of worth and
uniqueness of one’s own life.
 Lesson 2: Factors Affecting Period of
Adolescence.
Factors Affecting Period of Adolescence
1.) Generation Gap
- It is the adolescent who happens to be
the most affected because of
generation gap.
- The adolescent lives in the peerage
company, representing a changing
society, a society in a state of flux. The
adolescent is still not matured enough
to have developed his own personality
to assert his views or attitudes.
- The society of the adults has ever been
ignoring the ideas and the views of the
adolescents, entailing a constant
struggle between an established society
and the society laboring to be emerged.
- The generation gap is apparently
perceivable in the clash between the
adolescents and the established society
of the adults.
2.) Emotional Instability
- The period of adolescence is a period of
difficulty also because of emotional
instability.
- During the period one moves fast
towards the climax of development
physical, mental and emotional, one
has to traverse through a period of fast
changes also.
- An adolescent happens to be very
emotional; very sensitive. Sometimes,
gets nervous through the ebb and flows
of emotions.
- He is having more of self-
consciousness, and when he feels his
self to have been hurt, he loses control
over himself; he may either get very
upset, or, may grow nervous when he
finds the entire situation to be against
him. The adolescent should be treated
with sympathy and sensitivity.
3.) Career Consciousness
- During the latter years of adolescence,
as one proceeds towards adulthood,
one starts feeling concern about one’s
career.
- The selection of courses and subjects is
made with the targeted career in mind.
The adolescent attains the adult level of
cognitive development before he or she
is actually adult.
- Because of this development, an
adolescent understands where the best
chances for his bright career lies; and
how he needs to prepare himself for
such a career.
4.) Treating the Adolescents
- Adolescence is a period of great
importance as it is the period of fast
and vast development in all fields—
physical, mental and emotional.
- It is through adolescence that a child
grows to full adulthood. Nevertheless, it
is a period of storm and stress that
needs a very sensible and sensitive
handling of the adolescent is required.
5.) Good Literature
- Interest in reading rapidly grows during
adolescence. This interest should be
further inculcated by the adults of the
family, and teachers of the school.
- If during this period, one does not
develop interest in reading, it would
hinder one’s scholastic progress. Only
such students can grow into eminent
scholars who are voracious readers.
- But equally important is the fact that
the children should read only the good
books, with contents which can instill
wholesome and useful ideas and
feelings into their fast growing and
highly impressionable minds.
6.) Socialization
- According to Piaget, the years when
one reaches to the apex level of
cognitive development, are the years of
adolescence.
- In achieving this stage, socialization has
its very important contribution to make.
Hence, it is for the parents and teachers
to see that the growing child gets a very
suitable social milieu where he can
indulge himself into a variety of
activities offering occasions for rich
interactions.
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During the period of adolescence,
significant others like parents, teachers, friends,
peerage, and community leaders play an
important role for their holistic development.
Open communication between the adolescent
and the adults is also very significant to guide
the adolescent especially in decision-making.
For the adolescents, they need to be
open- minded and understanding in every
situation they might experience with the use of
critical and analytical thinking skills and
communicative skills. Participation in the
activities of the community can also be
beneficial if guided properly with the
responsible adults.
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Nature and nurture both contribute to
the growth and development of child. Although
what’s endowed by nature is constant, nurture
tends to make a big difference too. The
following are a few factors affecting children’s
growth and development; heredity,
environment, sex, health, hormones, familial
influence, geographical influences, socio-
economic status, and learning and
reinforcement.

Although nature contributes much to

the growth and development of children,
nurture contributes much more. Some of these
factors may not be controllable, and you’ll have
to make do with what you have but the last
decision will be yours!