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UNIT 3
LESSON 1

Grammar – Comparison (1)

There are (twice as many) employees in this company as the last company I worked
for.
Stefan is the most talented student in the class (by a long, long, long, long way).
Reenie earns (quite a lot more) than I do.
Lindsey Vonn is arguably (the best) female downhill skier in the world.
There is (much more) room in your flat than in mine.
It's not about who has (the most) friends – it's close friends that matter.

Grammar – Comparison (2)

This laptop is the best gift I've ever received (by a long, long, long, long way).
I have (many more) exams this year than last year.
I feel (quite a lot) better today than I did yesterday.
My brother has (the largest) collection of DVDs of anyone I know.
There are (twice as many) cars on the road as there used to be.
Chocolate is (the best) flavour for ice cream, no doubt about it.

Grammar – Comparison (3)

Welcome to Genting Highlands in Malaysia, (the largest) hotel in the world. We have
7,351 rooms, (the most) of any hotel in the world by a (long, long, long, long way)
and (many more) than the Venetian in Las Vegas, the second-largest in the world, which
has 7,117 rooms. Our resort is (more) than just a hotel. Below the rooms are a shopping
mall, restaurants, casinos and an indoor theme park. 35.5 million guests have stayed
with us since 2006, and we think our hotel is (the best) in the world. We hope you'll
agree.

Vocabulary – Loan words (1)

(m a n g a)
(c o c k r o a c h)
(b r o c c o l i)

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(p o l k a)
(c o c o a)
(a n c h o v y)
(s a m o v a r)
(j u m b o)
(t a e k w o n d o)
(c h o c o l a t e)
(k e t c h u p)

Vocabulary – Loan words (2)

I think I've been bitten by a m (mosquito).

Would you like a cup of c (coffee)?
You can take a c (coach) from Manchester to London.
Could I borrow your b (biro), please? I need to fill in this form.
I started taking p (piano) lessons when I was six.
I'm looking forward to the day when a r (robot) will clean my house.
I hated maths at school, and in particular a (algebra).
Since I started using this new s (shampoo) my hair has been really shiny.
Have you ever sung k (karaoke)?
Our college has set up a w (wiki) with answers to common questions.

Vocabulary – Roots of English

vacation – (holiday)

ache – (pain)

construction – (building)

detest – (hate)

mistake – (error)

expect – (wait)

gift – (present)

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bug – (insect)

flower – (blossom)

forest – (wood)

type – (kind)

LESSON 2

Reading – New words in the English language (1)

New words (are constantly creeping into) English.

A new word can be added to the Oxford English Dictionary once it has been in use
for (ten) years.
'Mansplaining' is something a (man) does to a (woman).
'Manspreading' usually happens (on public transport).
A (pet) animal can be described as a 'fur baby'.
A member of the 'Twitterati' (uses) Twitter.

Reading – New words in the English language (2)

The writer suggests that some people ... (hate new English words.)
The writer suggests that English speakers ... (are creative.)

If you say that someone 'mansplained it to me', it ... (is a criticism.)

The word 'manspreading' suggests that ... (a person should try to take up less room on
public transport.)

How would you describe the writer's attitude towards new words in English? (She finds
them interesting and amusing.)

Grammar – Modal verbs (1)

If you've got a fever, you really (shouldn't) go to work.

We (might not) go on holiday this year. We can't really afford it.
I (could) help you pack some boxes if you need help moving house.

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All new employees (must) report to reception on their first day.

I (may) go to the gym tonight. I'm thinking about trying the spinning class.
You (can't) have seen Lisa at the supermarket. She's in Spain on holiday.
If you're going to be late, you (ought to) phone your boss to let her know.
You (don't have to) wear a suit. It's quite a casual party.

Grammar – Modal verbs (2)

You (have to pay) a registration fee if you want to join the gym.
I (may not have) time to finish this report before Friday. Sorry.
Terri (might buy) a new car if she can find one she likes at the right price.
We (mustn't be) late for Sarah's surprise birthday party.
You (oughtn't to buy) those trainers. They're fake.
We (couldn't save) the company from going bankrupt. It's heart-breaking.
You can hardly keep your eyes open. You (should go) to bed.
I (can speak) Italian. I studied in Rome for two years.

Vocabulary – Expressions with can't (1)

(I can't stand the smell of cigarette smoke.)

(I can't wait to get married and have children.)
(I can't help thinking that I'm not getting paid enough.)
(I can't be bothered to brush my hair when I'm in a hurry.)
(I can't face watching TV first thing in the morning.)

Vocabulary – Expressions with can't (2)

Steve: Are you OK, Alice? You look a bit upset.

Alice: Oh yeah, I'm OK. My coffee machine broke this morning. You know I (can't
face)

anything first thing in the morning before I've had a cup of coffee.

Steve: Ugh, I (can't stand) coffee! I'm a tea drinker.

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Alice: I know. So anyway, I spent ages trying to fix it, but I couldn't. By the time I'd
had breakfast it

was already nine o'clock, so I was late for work.

Steve: Oh dear. To be honest, I (can't be bothered) to have breakfast when I'm in a

hurry.

Alice: It's the most important meal of the day!

Steve: I know, but I (can't help) thinking I could have another 15 minutes of sleep
instead.

Alice: Well, I (can't wait) to move house. When I live nearer to the office, I won't have
to get

up so early. And I'm going to get a new coffee machine too!

LESSON 3

Listening (1)

Dania works in the (marketing) department.

The man thinks that people often (misuse) words.
The man says that 'absolutely' should come before an (adjective).
The man says that instead of saying 'absolutely', people should say ' (yes)'.
The man says people shouldn't begin a sentence with 'so' if they're not stating a (reason)
or explanation.
The woman thinks the man needs to (calm down).

Listening (2)

The word that Dania has used too often is ('passionate').

The man doesn't believe (Dania is really excited).
The company the man works for (sells children's clothes).
People often say 'absolutely' when (they should say 'yes').

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The woman thinks people may speak this way to appear (more intelligent).
At the end of the conversation, the woman teases the man by (beginning a sentence with
'So').

Dialogue – Expressing preferences

A: I love some of these paintings! I might buy a print for our living room. What do
you think?

B: These paintings ' (don't) (do) much for me, I'm afraid. I don't like the bright colours.

They're too (garish).

A: Oh, that's a shame.

B: There's a jazz group playing in town tonight. Do you want to go?

C: Not really. Sorry, but jazz isn't really my (cup) of (tea).

B: Oh? What kind of music are you into?

C: Pop or R&B. That's much more my sort of (thing).

D: Have you heard Coldplay's latest album?

E: Yes, but I was a bit disappointed. I don't think it's (as) good (as) their last one. I
found it a bit

gloomy, actually. I prefer my music a (bit) more upbeat, more cheerful.

D: Really? I think it's the (best) album they've ever made!

Grammar – Cleft sentences (1)

One thing I have never understood (is why some people are so messy.)
The person who taught me everything . (I know about design is Jerome.)
The reason why I’m calling (is to make a complaint.)

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What I really love is getting up late (on a Sunday, then cooking breakfast.)
Another thing that appeals to me (is going on holiday to a desert island.)
It was three days later when (I realised I had lost my credit card.)

Grammar – Cleft sentences (2)

Jennifer Lawrence is the actress who was in the Hunger Games films.
The actress (who was in the Hunger Games films is Jennifer Lawrence).
Fabio and Sandrine got married in Venice.
The place (where Fabio and Sandrine got married is Venice).
Bibi makes a cake and then decorates it with chocolate.
What Bibi (does is make a cake and then decorate it with chocolate).
I found the documentary about Paris very interesting.
One thing (I found very interesting was the documentary about Paris).
The book about the history of the city was another thing that caught my attention.
Another thing (that caught my attention was the book about the history of the city).
I was introduced to Tom by Rachel.
It (was Rachel who introduced me to Tom).

Vocabulary – Sounds (1)

(d r u m m i n g)
(s c r a p i n g)
(c r e a k i n g)
(b u b b l i n g)
(t i c k i n g)
(g u r g l e)
(c r u n c h i n g)
(w h i s t l i n g)
(c r y i n g)
(h i s s i n g)

Vocabulary – Sounds (2)

Walking on snow.–(crunching)

Rain falling on a window pane.–(drumming)

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Steam coming out of a kettle.–(hissing)

A baby laughing.–(gurgle)

A chair being pulled across the floor.–(scraping)

A fizzy drink in a glass.–(bubbling)

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UNIT 4
LESSON 1

Grammar – Adverbs and adverb phrases (1)

I'll be able to give you an answer within the (next few days).
It was a violent storm. There was thunder and lightning (every few seconds).
I'm just beginning to understand (how much my parents did for me).
The summer holidays have flown past in (almost no time at all).
Roberto took the news that he had been fired (in a calm and dignified way).

Grammar – Adverbs and adverb phrases (2)

I'm hungry and exhausted. I don't think I can go on (like this) for much longer.
I hope with (all my heart) that there will be peace soon.
You can (hardly) expect people to donate to charity when they don't have enough
money to buy food.
People are working (desperately) to repair the damage caused by the floods.
We usually spend our holidays (in a sea resort on the coast).

Grammar – Adverbs and adverb phrases (3)

The war was the most terrible time of my life. For four long years, I lived in a wd
(world) of ve (violence) and dr (danger). We expected e (every) me (minute) that a
bomb would fall on our home and we would lose our lives. When peace finally arrived,
it began in an ug (unpromising) w (way). People broke into our home and stole money
and jewellery that we had managed to keep safe all throughout the war. But at least we
had a roof over our heads. After the war, many people were forced to live in bm
(bombed)– ot (out) bg (buildings). Three weeks ago, I received a letter from Amy
Murray, our neighbour from that time. Back then I think I was a little bit in love with
her, but she had married an older man and moved away. I thought I had forgotten about
her. Yet I haven’t been able to think about anything else f (for) t (the) l (last) te (three)
wk (weeks).

Vocabulary – Adverbs and adverb phrases (1)

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The discussion of the bill in parliament has (put the government on the defensive).
The opposition (came out with guns blazing) from the beginning of the argument.
We all thought they would (wipe the government out) with their arguments.
The government's (counterattack) was so impressive that the unions were (caught off
their guard).

Vocabulary – Adverbs and adverb phrases (2)

The opposition (went for the Prime Minister) from the beginning of the parliamentary
session.
The opposition thought that the government (would be shot down in flames).
The Prime Minister's counterattack was immediate. It soon became clear that he (would
take no prisoners).
He went for the opposition (from the off), and his arguments against them were (right
on target).

Vocabulary – Adverbs and adverb phrases (3)

The third fight between Muhammad Ali, the world heavyweight boxing champion, and
his challenger, Joe Frazier, is considered by experts to be the greatest fight of all times.
It took place in Manila in 1975, and it lasted 14 rounds before Frazier's trainer could
convince him to accept d (defeat).
Ali w (went) i (in) f (for) t (the) kl (kill) from the off, but every time it seemed he had
Frazier o (on) t (the) rp (ropes), his challenger escaped. By the 14 th round, Frazier was
barely able to stay on his feet because of Ali's d (deadly) at (accurate) blows, which had
almost dd (demolished) him. Even so, he protested when his trainer called the fight off.
Did Frazier ph (punch) a (above) h (his) wt (weight) when he challenged Mohammed
Ali? In a rare tribute to his challenger, Ali said “I couldn't have taken the punches he
took. I would have given in long before.”

LESSON 2

Reading – The scoop of the century (1)

Clare Hollingworth reported the outbreak of World War I (II).

She began working for a newspaper in (August) 1939.

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She went to (Germany) on a fact-finding mission.

Her story was published on the (front) page of the newspaper.
Hollingworth has worked in war (zones) such as Palestine and Vietnam.
She enjoys going to the (Foreign) Correspondent's Club in Hong Kong.

Reading – The scoop of the century (2)

Clare Hollingworth is (relatively unknown).

Hollingworth (did not expect) to see German tanks at the border.
Officials in Warsaw were not sure (the war was about to begin).
The officials (listened) to the outbreak of the war over the telephone.
Some people believe Hollingworth’s news story was the most (important) in 100 years.
After World War II, Hollingworth continued to work as a war (correspondent).
Hollingworth is still alive and lives in (Hong Kong).

Grammar – Gerunds and participles (1)

The light was (dwindling) and it was difficult to see the path ahead of us.
I saw Jeanette (standing) at the bus stop. Maybe her bus was late.
(Waiting) patiently, the lion watched its prey.
(Doing) yoga is my favourite way to start the day.
I love (flying.) It's my favourite form of transport.
I just saw the plane (taking off). We've missed it!

Grammar – Gerunds and participles (2)

Viet Cong's Cu Chi tunnels

Memories of the Vietnam War (or the 'American War', as they call it in Vietnam) may
be (fading away), but more solid reminders of this conflict still remain. In the
countryside just outside of Ho Chi Minh City are the Cu Chi tunnels. Simply (moving)
along inside these small tunnels, carved out by the Viet Cong, is not easy. The Viet
Cong hid from the Americans in these tunnels, often (leaving) their safety only at night.
Conditions were hard: there were rats in the tunnels, food and water were scarce,
and (breathing) was difficult as the air was hot and stale. You can still visit the tunnels
today, some of which have made wider to accommodate Western tourists, who
were (straining) to fit through the small spaces.

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Vocabulary – Hearing and listening (1)

I (overheard) Jim saying the company is going to cut staff. It's a bit of a shock.
Gina speaks so quickly. Most of the time I can't (make out) what she's saying.
Tina is such a gossip. She always tries to (eavesdrop) on my conversations.
I love (listening to) jazz. It's my favourite kind of music.
Mehmet, will you please (listen)? I'm trying to explain something very important.
Did you (hear) that? It sounded like someone opened the front door.
I wish this lecturer would speak more loudly. His voice is so quiet, it's barely (audible).

Vocabulary – Hearing and listening (2)

Jonas refused to change his mind even after I showed him the evidence. (He just
wouldn't listen to reason.)
Sorry, I don't know where that shop is. (I've never heard of it.)
You're not giving me a chance to speak. (Hear me out for a minute, will you?)
Your dog is sick? Oh no! (I'm sorry to hear that.)
There was a long silence before the winner was announced. (You could have heard a pin
drop.)

Vocabulary – About war (1)

(w a r c r i m e)
(w a r w o u n d)
(w a r c o r r e s p o n d e n t)
(b a t t l e)
(w a r h e r o)

Vocabulary – About war (2)

Every year we lay flowers at the w (war) g (grave).

Much of Syria is currently a w (war) z (zone).
He must be a w (war) v (veteran). Look at all his medals!
My great-great-great grandfather was killed in a s (skirmish) during World War I.
The w (war) c (criminal) was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Soldiers should follow the rules of e (engagement) when they go to war.

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LESSON 3

Listening (1)

The man works in (IT).

He has a lot of (disagreements) with his boss.
He was going to go on holiday to (Spain).
His boss told him he was going to have to work (overtime).
Lilian is a (cello) player.
The man met Lilian for a (coffee).
Lilian offered the man a (job).

Listening (2)

The man hates his job. (FALSE)

Two months before he was due to go on holiday, the man's boss
said he couldn't go. (FALSE)
The holiday was going to cost a lot of money. (NOT GIVEN)
The man was prepared to leave his job in protest. (TRUE)
The man goes to orchestra practice twice a week. (NOT GIVEN)
The man felt angry for a long time after the argument with his boss. (TRUE)
The man is now in a new relationship. (TRUE)

Dialogue – Strengthening opinions with examples and adverbs (1)

Fran: Did you see this article about the new power station they're planning to build?
It's only 50km from here!

George: Yes, but I don't see it (happening any time soon), do you?

Fran: Why not?

George: Well, it's a nuclear power station. (Understandably), a lot of people in the
area are worried about it.

Fran: (How's that)? Won't it bring more jobs to the area?

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George: Well yes, (obviously) it will create more jobs, but people are worried about
accidents.

(Like), for example, Chernobyl. There was a leak at a nuclear power station
and it was a

disaster.

Fran: Yes, but (back then) safety wasn't considered so important. Surely that could
never happen

again?

George: Hmm, don't be so sure.

Dialogue – Strengthening opinions with examples and adverbs (2)

Max: Did you know that all young men and women in Israel have to do military
service?

Jill: Yes, and I think it's a good idea. I think we should have national service in our
country too. I'd love to do it!

Max: You're k (kidding), right?

Jill: No, I'm not! Military service teaches people discipline and it makes them into
useful citizens. That's what I think, a (anyway).

Max: So b (basically) what you're saying is that everyone should have a military
education as well as an academic education.

Jill: Basically, yes. As we've seen in the c (case) of Paris recently, nowhere is 100
percent safe. We all need to take our security more seriously. And trained
civilians who have done military training can only help to keep us safer. Don't
you agree?

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Max: Not at all! I'm against military service, d (definitely). What we need is more
people who are committed to peace, not more people who are trained to fight
and use weapons.

Grammar – Future in the past (1)

(Mrs Lam was about to start talking.)

(I didn't know they would arrive early.)
(He wasn't going to say anything.)
(We were going to go for a walk.)
(Couldn't you see that she was going to fall?)
(I was going to ask for help.)

Grammar – Future in the past (2)

I was (going to learn) to play an instrument.

I thought I (would try) the piano.
I thought I (would buy) a second-hand piano off the internet.
I (was going to) buy a beautiful black grand piano.
I was (about to) buy it when I realised I didn't have room for a piano in my flat.
I (would) have to choose a different instrument instead.

Vocabulary – Arguments (1)

You might as well stop talking. You're never going to (win) this argument.
Let's try to stay calm. I don't want to (get into) an argument with you.
Please don't (start) an argument now. I've got a headache.
Hans and I (had) a huge argument last night. Now he's not replying to my texts.
Patty never (loses) an argument. She's always got a clever answer for everything.

Vocabulary – Arguments (2)

My husband and I f (fight) a lot, but we always make up afterwards.

The c (conflict) in Syria shows no sign of coming to an end.
We're having a minor d (disagreement) with our supplier about prices.
The divorced couple are in court today to try to resolve a d (dispute) over money.
The play Romeo and Juliet is about a f (feud) between two families.

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We had a r (row) and I said some terrible things to Roberto.

When I was young, I q (quarrelled) constantly with my brother.

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