Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A SST. P RO F. VA N ESSA B. Z A BA LA
FAC U LTY, D TTE
EQUIPMENT
TOPIC OUTLINE
Introduction
Cutting Tools
Handtools and small equipment
Measuring Tools and Equipment
Mixing Bowls
Pots and Pans
Large Equipments
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Identify varied kitchen tools and equipment.
Explain the functions of each tool and
equipment.
Appreciate the importance of kitchen tools
and equipment in food preparation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT TO THE PROFESSIONAL CHEF
Tools make it possible for chefs to do their
job well.
Using the right tool for the job is one of the
hallmarks of a professional chef.
CUTTING TOOLS
KNIFE
A knife is a tool with a cutting edge or
blade often attached to a handle or hilt.
It is one of the chef’s most important hand
tools
Materials Used in Knife Construction
BLADE – high carbon stainless steel, ceramic,
titanium
HANDLE - wood
The Tip
The tip is the end of the blade.
The Belly
The belly is the portion between the tip and heel.
The Heel
The heel of the blade is the end of the blade just before the handle, opposite the tip.
PARTS OF THE KNIFE
The Bolster
The bolsters’ primary function is to actually add strength where the handle joins the
blade. The bolster often formed into a guard in order to help keep the hand from
slipping forward. Furthermore it provides more comfort and adds weight to the back
of the blade to create more balance.
The Spine
The spine is the back of the blade opposite the cutting edge. The blades of higher
quality kitchen knives, such as chef’s knives and utility knives, become thicker as they
approach the spine. This is called a full flat grind and produces less resistance when
cutting, along with better balance.
PARTS OF THE KNIFE
The Tang, Handle Scales, and Pins
A lot of kitchen knives have two piece handles of either of plastic, stabilized wood,
or other hard materials. Each piece of the handle of the knife is called a scale. The
metal part of the knife extending from the blade to the butt is called “Tang” and is
sandwiched between the two scales, forming the handle. Among the best knives,
this tang runs the full length of the handle. Holes are then drilled through the scales
and tang. Through these holes are inserted metal rods called pins, to reinforce the
handle from lateral pressure, and then everything is epoxied together so that the
scales and tang never separate. A glue is used to aid in keeping moisture and
debris from slowly working its way under the scales.
PARTS OF THE KNIFE
The Butt
The butt or also termed as pommel serves as
the reference point for the hand. The butt or
pommel is commonly seen indexed to aid in
grip and so the user identifies the blade
orientation by feel.
TYPES OF KNIVES AND THEIR USES
FRENCH KNIFE OR CHEF’S KNIFE
Most frequently used knife in the kitchen,
for general –purpose chopping, slicing,
dicing, and so on.
UTILITY KNIFE OR SALAD KNIFE
Narrow pointed knife 6-8
inches long. Used Mostly
for pantry work, cutting
and preparing lettuce,
fruits, and so on. Also used
for carving roast chicken
and duck. Photo credit : Lamson American Made 1837
https://lamsonproducts.com/collections/utility/products/6-utility-knife?variant=24599648259
PARING KNIFE
Small pointed blade 2-4 inches long.
Used for trimming and paring
vegetables and fruits.
A paring knife is a small all-purpose
knife with a plain edge that is ideal for
peeling (or "paring") fruits and
vegetables, and other small or intricate
work such as the process of de-veining
a shrimp or skinning or cutting small
garnishes.
BONING KNIFE
Thin, pointed blade about 6
inches long.
It is used in food preparation for
removing the bones of poultry,
meat, and fish.
Stiff blades are used for heavier
work. Flexible blades are used
for lighter work and for filleting.
SLICER
Long slender,
flexible blade up
to 14 inches long.
Used for carving
and slicing cooked
meats.
Photo credits: https://greatordie.com/tools/best-brisket-slicing-knife/
SERRATED SLICER
Like a slicer, but with
serrated edge.
Used for cutting
breads, cakes, and
similar items.
Photo credit: Sur la Table
https://www.surlatable.com/w252sthof-classic-bread-knife/PRO-16602.html
BUTCHER KNIFE
A heavy and broad, yet
slightly curved blade.
This is used in the
process of cutting,
sectioning, and trimming
raw meats in the
butcher shop. Photo credit:
1. Knifebuzz
https://www.knifebuzz.com/best-butcher-knife/
2. Wood world of Texas LLC
https://woodworldtx.com/products/satin-stainless-steel-cutlass-bbq-butcher-knife-blank-
heavy-duty?variant=2144858603530
SCIMITAR OR STEAK KNIFE
Curved, pointed
blade.
Used for
accurate cutting
of steaks.
CLEAVER
Very heavy, broad
blade.
Used for cutting meat
and through the bones
Photo Credits:
1. Foodal
https://foodal.com/kitchen/knives-cutting-boards-kitchen-shears/things-that-cut/best-meat-cleavers/
2. 123RF
https://www.123rf.com/photo_21205654_saleswoman-with-red-apron-cutting-meat-with-cleaver.html
OYSTER KNIFE
Short, rigid and blunt
knife with dull edge.
Used for opening and
shucking oysters.
Shuck: to remove the outer covering of (a plant, such as corn) or the shell of
(an oyster or clam)
Photo Credit:
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/14/dining/oyster-
knife-plastic-recycling.html
CLAM KNIFE
Short, rigid, broad-
bladed knife with a
slight edge.
Used for opening
clams
Photo credit:
1. Webstaurant
https://www.webstaurantstore.com/victorinox-7-6399-8-3-1-2-stainless-steel-wide-
blade-clam-knife-with-blue-slip-resistant-handle/353286900709.html
2. Amazon
https://www.amazon.com/Dexter-Russell-Shucking-Carbon-Riveted/dp/B001VT24LW
VEGETABLE PEELER
Short tool with a
slotted, swiveling
blade.
Used for peeling
vegetables and fruits.
Photo credit:
1. Amazon
https://www.amazon.com/Stainless-Vegetable-Easy-grip-Handheld-
Multifunctional/dp/B082HB25XR
2. Rada Cutlery
https://www.radacutlery.com/kitchen-knives/rada/deluxe-vegetable-peeler
STEEL SHARPENER
Not a knife, but an essential part of the
knife kit.
Used for truing and maintaining knife
edges.
available with shafts of varying lengths
materials include steel, diamond-
impregnated surfaces, and ceramic
The chef uses a steel to properly hone
knives.
SHARPENING STONES
Used to hone knives.
•TOMATO SLICERS
Used to slice/cut tomatoes in uniform sizes.
Photo credit:
Webstaurant
https://www.webstaurantstore.com/nemco-55600-7-7-32-easy-
tomato-slicer/591N556007.html
CUTTING BOARDS/CHOPPING BOARDS
WOODEN CUTTING BOARDS –
should be level with no gouges or
scarring
Always clean and sanitize as necessary
& air-dry completely before storage
Manufactured from man-made
materials and are available in a range
of thicknesses and sizes
They can be color-coded to avoid
cross-contamination
HAND TOOLS AND SMALL
EQUIPMENT
KITCHEN FORK
-Have two or more prongs with
sharpened ends that can
pierce foods.
-The prongs may be straight or
curved.
-Used to test the doneness or
braised meats and vegetables,
lift finished items to the
carving board or plate, or
steady foods when carving.
Photo credit: Heavybao Commercial Kitchen Ware
https://waterboiler.en.made-in-china.com/product/OwVmaGFUXQcq/China-Heavybao-Stainless-Steel-
Kitchenware-Utensil-Kitchen-Fork-Meat-Forks-BBQ-Forks.html
PARISIENNE SCOOP (MELON BALLER)
-small bowl-shaped
end with a small hole
-Designed to scoop out
balls or ovals from
vegetables
Photo credit: DUNJAGR
https://www.dunjagram.com/index.php?main
_page=product_info&products_id=528201
STRAIGHT SPATULA OR PALETTE SPATULA
A long, flexible
blade with
rounded end.
Used mostly for
spreading icing
on cakes. Photo credit: Amazon
https://www.amazon.com/LEGERM-Straight-
Stainless-Decorating-
Frosting/dp/B01N3QB5FN
2. Shutterstock
SANDWICH SPREADER
A short, stubby spatula.
Used for spreading
fillings and spreads on
sandwich.
Paella Pan
MATERIALS OF POTS, PANS AND MOLDS
ALUMINUM
• Excellent conductor of heat
• Soft metal that wears down quickly
• When a metal spoon or whip is used to
stir a white sauce in a Al pot, the food
may take on the taste of AL or develop
a gray color
• Anodized or treated aluminum tends not
to react with foods and is one of the
most popular metals for pots used in
contemporary kitchens
MATERIALS OF POTS, PANS AND MOLDS
NONSTICK SURFACES
• Nonstick coatings are useful on some
pans, especially for egg cookery or to
cook foods with a minimal amount of oil
for low-fat dishes
• Use wooden, plastic, or silicon utensils to
protect the surface and extend the pan’s
useful life
MATERIALS OF POTS, PANS AND MOLDS
COPPER
• Transfer heat rapidly and evenly
• Direct contact with copper will affect the
color and consistency of many foods,
copper pots are generally lines (an
exception is the copper pan used to cook
jams, jellies, chocolates & high-sugar items,
often known as a preserving pan
• If lining becomes scratched or wears away;
it should not be used until it is repaired by
re-tinning
• Copper discolors quickly, therefore proper Photo credit: Amazon Uk
upkeep requires significant time & labor
POTS & PANS FOR STOVETOP COOKING
When selecting a pan or mold consider the
following:
• Choose the right size. Foods should fit the pan comfortably.
• Choose the materials and gauge appropriate to the cooking technique and
food.
• Sautéing calls for pan that transmit heat quickly and are sensitive to
temperature changes. They are usually moderate gauge.
• Braises are done best in pans that hold heat well, transmit heat evenly, and
respond rapidly to changes in heat. They are usually of heavy gauge.
• Choose pans that have flat, level cooking surfaces
STOCKPOT (MARMITE)
• Stockpot or marmite also known
as French cooking stockpot is a
tall and large pot with straight
sides.
• Some marmite have spigot at the
base for the liquid to be drained
off without lifting
• This stockpot is used for
preparing soup stock
SAUCEPAN AND SAUCEPOT
• Saucepan has straight or
slightly flared sides and a
single long handle. May
also have double boiler or
steamer inserts
• Saucepots is similar in
shape with a saucepot, but
not as large, with straight
sides. It has two loop-style
handles for lifting
SAUTÉ PANS
•Frequently called sauteuse
or sautoir
•Sauteuse is a wide, shallow
pan with sloping sides and a
single long handle
•Sautoir has straight sides and
a single long handle, it is often
referred to as skillet
OMELET PAN / CREPE PAN
• The omelet and/or crepe pan is a
shallow skillet with very short, slightly
sloping sides
• Pans made with rolled or blue steel are
often reserved strictly for preparing
crepes or omelets so that the surface
can be carefully maintained.
• A nonstick surface is common for these
pans because it permits easy
preparation and calls for less fat.
DOUBLE BOILER AND BAIN-MARIE
• Double boiler is a set of
nesting pots with single long
handles. The bottom pot is
filled with water that is heated
to gently cook or warm the
food in the upper pot.
• The term bain-marie refers to
the stainless containers used
to hold food in a steam table
TIERED STEAMERS
• Tiered steamers are
a set of stacked
pots or bamboo
baskets with tight-
fitting lids
PANS FOR OVEN COOKING
• Pans used in ovens are produced from the
same basic materials used to make stovetop
pots & pans
• Since the oven’s heat is indirect, it is possible
to use glazed and unglazed earthenware,
glass, and ceramic pans and molds without
risk of cracking and shattering them.
ROASTING PAN
• A rectangular-shaped pan with
low sides and is used for
roasting or baking
• Made in various sizes
• Roasting racks are used to hold
foods as they cook so that all
surfaces are properly heated
BRAISING PANS AND CASSEROLES
• These pans are made of
various materials
• Have medium high walls
• The lids are used to trap
moisture and baste foods as
they cook
SHEET PAN
• A shallow, rectangular
pan used for baking and
may be full, half, or
quarter size
• The sides are generally
no higher than 1 inch
BAKING PANS
A baking pan is a flat,
rectangular metal pan used
in for baking bread rolls,
pastries and flat products
such as cookies, sheet cakes,
Swiss rolls and pizzas.
BAKING PANS
CAKE PANS
• Have straight sides and
are available in various
sizes and shapes: round,
square, rectangular and
specialty.
CAKE PANS
LOAF PAN
• Rectangular with either
straight or slightly flared
sides
PULLMAN LOAF PAN
Have lids and yield square
loaves.
MUFFIN TINS
• Have small, round cups to
make muffins, cupcakes, and
other baked goods.
SPRINGFORM PAN
• Are made in two pieces: a
bottom piece and ring that
secures with a spring to hold
the bottom in place.
• Once baked, the spring is
released to make it easy to
remove the cake from the pan
• Kugelhopf forms, bundt pans,
TUBE PANS and angel food tins are deep,
round pans with a tube in the
center and are used to create a
specific effect
• Some styles are similar to spring
form pans, having removable
sides
• Some are fluted or have specific
designs associated with a
traditional baked item.
TUBE PANS
PIE PANS
• Round pans with flared sides,
typically 1 to 2 inches (25 to
50 millimeters) in height.
SPECIALTY MOLDS
PATE MOLD
• Deep rectangular metal mold; the mold for
pate en croute has hinged sides to make it
easy to remove pate from the mold.
TERRINE MOLD • Produced in a range of sizes and
shapes; some have lids.
• Traditionally made of earthenware,
but they also may b made of metal,
enameled cast iron, and ceramic
GRATIN DISHES
• Shallow baking dishes
made of ceramic,
enameled cast iron or
enameled steel
SOUFFLE DISH, RAMEKIN, CUSTARD CUPS
• Round, straight-edged
ceramic dishes that come in
various sizes.
• Disposable dishes made of
aluminum are also commonly
used.
LARGE EQUIPMENTS
• When working with large equipment,
safety precautions must be observed
and proper maintenance and cleaning
consistently done.
GUIDELINES WHEN WORKING WITH LARGE EQUIPMENT:
1. Learn to use the machine safely by getting
proper instruction and reading the
manufacturer’s instruction.
2. Use all safety features: be sure that lids are
secure, hand guards are used, and the
machine is stable.
GUIDELINES WHEN WORKING WITH LARGE EQUIPMENT: