TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Lesson 1: Understanding the Basic Concepts in ICT

TASK 1:
ICT Glossary of Terms

5G: Fifth generation (5G) cellular represents the latest stage in the evolution of mobile
communications. It is also a new standard that relies upon various supporting technologies
including millimeter wave (mmWave) propagation, IPv6 transmission protocol, and many
others still in the R&D stage with major infrastructure providers. Unlike LTE /4G, 5G represents
a purpose-built technology with a network-centric approach. Among the major differences with
LTE, 5G will provide substantially higher data rate in a range of several gigabits per seconds
(Gbps). 5G is also being standardized to provide improvements to the Internet of Things (IoT).

6G: Sixth generation (6G) cellular is part of the evolution of cellular mobile communications as
the 6G technology market follows 5G to continue the transformation of wireless
communications beyond voice and data services to become more more intertwined with other
technologies. Several key technologies will converge with 6G including AI, big data analytics,
and computing. 6G networks will extend the performance of existing 5G applications along with
expanding the scope of capabilities in support of increasingly new and innovative applications
across the realms of sensing, wireless cognition, and imaging.

AIoT: The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), otherwise
known as the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), will facilitate unprecedented opportunities
for the ICT industry as well as the industry verticals that leverage data analytics for improved
business operations and development of new and enhanced products and services. Largely
relegated to consumer electronics and appliances today, the AIoT market is anticipated to
become an essential utility-type service to enterprise.

Asset Tracking: Whereas much of the attention placed upon emerging solution areas such as
the Internet of Things (IoT) is directed towards new technologies, the most important thing to
business is arguably new business development, enhancing existing products/services, and cost
savings. This is why the asset tracking market is so important to IoT as well as GPS, RFID, WiFi,
and other technologies important to enterprise connected assets. As asset tracking
technologies improve in terms of economies of scale and scope, asset tracking solutions for
management of low-value assets become increasingly viable for SMB and consumers.

Application Programming Interface: The role of Application Programming Interfaces (API) is

evolving within the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) space to support
increasingly more than consumer oriented communications, applications, commerce, and
digital content. With the Internet of Things (IoT), APIs are a key enabler of IoT software
development as well as application and service operations. They are also rapidly becoming
table stakes for interoperability between IoT platforms, devices, and gateways. Telecom APIs
capitalize on existing network infrastructure and platforms to facilitate many new business
opportunities for global Communication Service Providers (CSP) to offer Business-to-Business
(B2B) services in a Data as a Service (DaaS) basis. CSPs offer data over Telecom APIs in a DaaS
model to data aggregators as well as direct to enterprise customers and Over-the-Top (OTT)
players. In response to the growing threat of all apps being completely OTT based, with little or
no carrier involvement, Leading CSPs such as AT&T realized as early as 2011 that they needed
to start programs to open up network assets as well as databases to third-parties as a means of
establishing and maintaining their own application development community.

Artificial Intelligence: Comprised of many different technologies and tools, Artificial

Intelligence (AI) provides methods and techniques to provide human-like decision making in an
automated basis, and on  a scale and scope that would be prohibitive without advanced
software and careful system integration. AI is anticipated to have an ever increasing role in ICT
including both traditional telecommunications as well as many communications enabled
applications and digital commerce. AI is increasingly integrated in many areas including Internet
search, entertainment, commerce applications, content optimization, and robotics. The long-
term prospect for these technologies is that they will become embedded in many different
other technologies and provide autonomous decision making on behalf of humans, both
directly, and indirectly through many processes, products, and services.

Augmented Reality: Augmented Reality (AR) is a form of immersive technology that represents
a live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are
augmented by computer-generated sensory input that enriches the user’s perception of the
real world. Although AR is often perceived to be in the visual domain (video, graphics, etc.), it
also includes sound and touch as well as data such as presence and location information. One
of the industry adoption areas for AR is connected vehicles as AR can enhance automobile
services including information, entertainment, security and safety. A see-through heads up
display vehicle augmented reality system will be of value to drivers as an augmentation of the
real-world.  This will include a view of the real-world with an overlay of augmented information
such as navigation routes, destination, pedestrian, obstacles on the road, and more.

Big Data Analytics: Designed to deal primarily with Unstructured Data, Big Data technologies
represent a collective combination of physical infrastructure, data collection and integration
capabilities, data security infrastructure, data storage management, data mining and analytics.
New models are emerging to reduce friction across the value chain including enhanced Big Data
as a Service (BDaaS) offerings. BDaaS is anticipated to make cross-industry, cross-company, and
even cross-competitor data exchange a reality that adds value across the ecosystem with
minimized security and privacy concerns.

Blockchain Technology: The term blockchain refers to decentralized ledger or database

management system that enables participants to record data that is stored as a chain of
transaction in the form of digital tokens, sequentially grouped into a block. Each block is
connected to the previous block to form a peer to peer network that facilitates data transfer
among participants using cryptographic security while ensuring a high degree of transparency
and security. The block may represent financial transactions, contracts, assets, identities, and
anything else in digital format. Bitcoin is the early example of the use of blockchain technology.

Cloud Computing: From its origins, cloud computing has been largely relegated to Software,
Platforms, and Infrastructure (SPI) in an “as a service” model as Software as Service (SaaS),
Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). While the SPI model is
important for enterprise and service providers, cloud computing is evolving to encompass
Everything as a Service, often referred to as XaaS where X represents the specific service
supported via a cloud environment. Cloud computing is also evolving from a purely centralized
approach to one in which edge computing becomes increasingly important.

Data as a Service: Data as a Service (DaaS) is defined as any service offered wherein users can
access vendor provided databases or host their own databases on vendor managed systems.
DaaS is expected to grow significantly in the near future due to a few dominant themes
including cloud-based infrastructure/services, enterprise data syndication, and the consumer
services trend towards Everything as a Service (XaaS). In addition, vendor managed systems
provide necessary scalability and security for sustainable services execution. The DaaS market is
expected to continue to expand alongside the Cloud Computing services model over the next
decade. Telecom Data as a Service (TDaaS) is one of those new models in which CSPs offer DaaS
to various third-party businesses on an anonymized basis. IoT Data as a Service (IoTDaaS) offers
convenient and cost effective solutions to enterprises of various sizes and domain. IoTDaaS
constitutes retrieving, storing and analyzing information and provide customer either of the
three or integrated service package depending on the budget and the requirement.

Data Management: Managing ICT data takes many shapes and forms. Specialized technologies,
tools, and techniques (referred to collectively as Big Data Analytics) are utilized to deal with
unstructured data (e.g. data that is non-correlated and/or of sufficient size and scope to be
unwieldy to manage with conventional data management tools). Leveraging analytics tools to
derive value, and the integration between cloud, IoT, and enterprise operational technology are
key focus areas for large companies across virtually every industry vertical. This is important for
many industry verticals and market segments. For example, Smart Cities will rely upon IoT data
management and analytics to provide control, automation, and enable better decision making.

Edge Computing: There is an evolution underway in which edge computing is gaining

prominence in ICT networks. Decentralized or distributed (e.g. Fog) cloud computing will
become increasingly important as various wireless and Internet of Things (IoT) related
applications require massive computing at the edge of networks. Mobile cellular operators are
making plans for Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which enables cloud computing capabilities
and an IT service environment at the edge of the cellular network. MEC will enable many new
and enhanced applications and services including improvements in Augmented Reality,
Location-based Services, Enterprise-specific Context Aware Services, Real-time Data as a Service
(DaaS), and more.

Haptic Internet: Most people are familiar with Haptic technology by way of the kinesthetic user
interface for smart phones or other consumer electronics that recreates a sense of touch by
applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. Conversely, haptic devices may incorporate
tactile sensors that measure forces exerted by the user on the interface.  Tactile Internet will be
based on haptic sense/ touch that will connect humans with unknown environments. Haptic
sense establishes bilateral communication patterns as touch imposes sensed motion on
environment that enables environment to create a distortion or reaction and feel. Tactile
Internet enables the service level of haptic or non-verbal communication where remote users
will be able to enjoy haptic experiences through real-time interactive systems. The primary
application that will run on tactile Internet is called haptic communication. Sensing touch is
used as communication medium in non-verbal and non-visual haptic communication.

Heterogeneous Networks: Wireless networks need to handle an ever increasing number of

devices, consuming high volumes of data, both indoors and outdoors, and in a very
unpredictable pattern with seamless coverage and consistent capacity. A Heterogeneous
Network (HetNet) is comprised of a combination of cellular Macro Cells, Small Cells, Carrier
WiFi and supporting technologies to meet the coverage and usage demands of both humans
and machines (associated with IoT apps and services). In a HetNet environment, the Macro Cell
provides a larger umbrella coverage area while Small Cells are placed in strategically closer
locations to the UE to provide required coverage and capacity. HetNets are critical
infrastructure for the success of LTE and for the development of future 5G based networks.

ICT Infrastructure: Telecom and Computing networks are comprised of physical and logical
elements, which are manifest in the architectures and systems that provide features,
functionality, and capabilities necessary to provide modern communications, applications,
digital content and commerce. Certain components and systems are foundational elements,
supporting core services, whereas other elements provide value-added services (VAS) and/or
enable VAS capabilities.

Immersive Technologies: Augmented Reality, Haptic Internet, and Virtual Reality are all
examples of “immersive” technologies. The term “immersive” is used as this category embodies
those technologies that facilitate a fully immersive human experience, often including multiple
senses as well as interaction with virtual objects and/or interaction between the real and virtual
worlds. Application and service areas include gaming and entertainment, training and
simulations, transportation, manufacturing, and many other industry verticals and use cases.
One immersive technology application example is hologram calling.

Industrial Evolution: Not a “revolution” but an evolution, industrial systems and processes have
evolved through three unique stages starting with mechanization and the use of water power in
phase one. Phase two was characterized as industry reliant upon electricity and the use of
automated factories for mass production. The third stage of industrial evolution is characterized
as leveraging electronics and IT systems for further automation improvements. The fourth
stage, often referred to as “Industry 4.0” (or Industrie 4.0) leverages emerging technologies
such as IoT to enable cyber-to-physical communications, interactions, and control.

Industrial Internet of Things: The term Industrial Internet or Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
is sometimes used in the context of next generation manufacturing, but it may also be
referenced in a more general sense to pertain to the broader enterprise market, which includes
many different industry verticals such as IoT in Agriculture. In both cases, IIoT benefits will
extend beyond initial cost savings and process improvements to identification of entirely new
business models and service offerings as traditional products transform to services.

Intelligent Network (IN): The term Intelligent Network is typically reserved for reference to
telecommunication standards and technologies associated with centralized control application
control and services management. IN standards in cellular networks include Customized
Applications for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) for GSM networks and Wireless Intelligent
Network (WIN) for ANSI networks. The use of CAMEL and WIN are central to the delivery of
many important cellular services such as prepaid communications. While IN natively relies upon
SS7 for signaling, solutions have been developed to enable signaling via Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) for certain database oriented services such as enhanced Caller ID.

Internet of Things: The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to uniquely identifiable objects (things)
and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure. Stated differently, the concept
involves the notion that there are many things (assets, objects, etc.) in the world that may be
addressed/labeled/cataloged for various purposes.

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS): The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architecture for

delivering Internet Protocol (IP) based multimedia services with quality of service over multiple
access networks from a common core. It was initiated in mobile standards body 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP), as a part of the vision for evolving mobile networks. The original
vision was the delivery of internet services over GPRS (General Packet Radio System). That
vision was subsequently updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2, Cable Labs and TISPAN (Telecommunications
and Internet Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks) to support multiple access
networks.

Packet Switching: A form of switching in which data is transmitted as packets of information

that are “bursty” in nature a usually transmitted over diverse routes. This is in contrast to
circuit-switching that relies upon maintaining a dedicated channel for signaling and
communications.

Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS): Often used to refer to the most basic legacy features, such
as “dial tone” and the ability to simply initiate and receive calls, POTS is occasionally used to
conversely refer to telecommunications services that do not rely upon advanced features or
technologies such as use of Internet Protocols or next generation ICT infrastructure.
Presence: In an ICT context, presence is really not an application by itself but is rather an
enabler of applications, adding value to them. Mind Commerce defines presence information
within a telecommunications context as the state of an object or device, status of attachment
or engagement, device type, usage or activity, and coarse location information. All of these
attributes can be used to distinguish the presence of an entity or object. In telecommunications
or computing an object or device can be many things including a PC or laptop, circuit-switched
or IP-based phone, mobile/cellular phone, or other wireless device. Presence data may come
from many sources including applications, devices, networks, etc. Presence may be determined
physically, but is often determined logically based various attributes such as state, attachment,
usage, registration, etc.

Programmable Telecom: The term Programmable Telecom (or Programmable Telecoms) is an

important one as it pertains to the general notion of leveraging telecommunications capabilities
by way of Telecom APIs as well as other tools including SDKs, GUIs, open source platforms, and
other methods. Mind Commerce has covered Telecom APIs extensively since the year 2011.
Relying in part upon research provided by Mind Commerce, AT&T launched an Enterprise-
Focused API Program in 2013 focused on the extension of Telecom APIs to enterprise
customers.

Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN): Generally referred to as the core

telecommunications network relied upon for local wireline communications as well as transport
of long distance calls and other traditional services. In contrast, cellular systems are typically
not considered part of the PSTN, but rather interconnect with it so that wireline callers can
reach wireless users and vice versa. Likewise, next generation packet-based networks that
utilize Internet Protocol based signaling and data transfer are also not considered part of the
PSTN.

Self-organizing Networks: Mobile Network Operators (MNO) are constantly optimizing their
networks.  MNO look towards automation technologies, processes, and procedures as a means
of more efficiently managing their large networks, which consist of tens of thousands of base
station with hundreds of settings each. Self-organizing Networks (SON) provide automation
solution for planning, configuration, management, optimization, and healing of mobile RAN
functions that emerged out from 4G LTE environment and IMS technology. SON provides
efficient, and in some cases, programmatic means of fine tuning cellular networks. SON systems
are part of next generation OSS/BSS technologies for mobile network operators to automate
previously manual network optimization procedures.

Session Initiation Protocol: Designed in 1996 and specified by International Engineering Task
Force (IETF), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for a variety of
purposes in IP networks. SIP is principally a mechanism employed to seamlessly create, modify
and terminate sessions involving multiple participants. Such sessions could be Internet
telephone calls, multimedia conferences or multicast sessions. SIP can work with any type of
media content. SIP is independent of the transport layer and can therefore be used with
multiple transport protocols.
Signaling System Seven: A critical component of modern telecommunications systems, SS7 is a
communications protocol that provides signaling and control for various network services and
capabilities. Being a layered protocol, SS7 provides various protocol levels for connection
oriented and connectionless (database) signaling in fixed and mobile networks. The Transaction
Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) portion of the SS7 protocol stack is utilized for transport of
the payload of other application processes. The ISDN User Part (ISUP) portion of the SS7
protocol is a form of connection oriented signaling used for call set-up.

Smart Buildings: Intelligent Buildings are Internet connected and rely upon IoT technology to
provide improvements over legacy commercial real estate such as enhanced efficiency,
safeguarding assets, and other operational improvements.  Smart Buildings encompass central
control of the vital systems that provide security, comfort and sanitation for its inhabitants. The
discrete operations are integrated into a common network of control.

Smart Cities: A large percentage of the global population lives in an urban environment, a
rapidly accelerating trend that is taxing the resources and management capabilities of city
governments. In addition, the enhanced mobility of modern society has created extreme
competition between cities to attract skilled residents, corporations, and related jobs.
Accordingly, many countries have initiated efforts to create “Smart Cities“. These efforts
include global ICT infrastructure suppliers and communication service providers deploying a
combination of technologies including Artificial Intelligence, Broadband Wireless, Cloud
Computing, and IoT Technology to improve the efficiency and operational effectiveness of
urban centers and surrounding suburban environments.

Smart Infrastructure: Physical infrastructure includes buildings, transportation (roadways,

railways, and ports), utilities, and more. Improving the operational effectiveness and efficiency,
safeguarding assets, and establishing new value-added services are the fundamental goals of
establishing Smart Infrastructure. A few of the more important areas to consider are Smart
Cities, Smart Buildings (primarily focused on commercial real estate), and Smart Homes. With
modern employment becoming increasingly more flexible, the Smart Workplace is also a
consideration across infrastructure elements and not relegated to a single location.

Smart Workplace: The Smart Workplace concept is closely associated with Intelligent Buildings
and Smart Facilities. In this context, it is related to various Building Automation solutions
including Smart Lighting, Smart Security (such as access control via biometrics), Intelligent HVAC
systems, and more. Roughly speaking, the Smart Workplace is characterized as one that
provides a safer, more comfortable, and productive work environment. Beyond the solutions
mentioned above, next generation smart workplaces will include advanced technologies such
as detection systems to determine presence of employees for work space optimization.

Telemedicine: The delivery of medical services via electronic means, which typically entails
exchange of medical information from one location to other points, with one point being the
location of the medical client or end-user (which may include one or more devices, sensors, and
user interfaces), and other points consisting of data collection, databases, and/or healthcare
practitioners capable of delivering said medical services. More specifically, telemedicine
pertains to the delivery of clinical healthcare services to patients that are located remote from
the service provider, which may be a doctor, physician’s assistant, nurse, or even an intelligent
agent or healthcare bot. Services may include diagnosis, monitoring and/or treatment of
various health conditions.

Teleoperation and Telerobotics: These technologies play a profound role in industrial

automation and the rapidly evolving Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) arena. Robots and
remote control systems enable various industries to control real machines/equipment via
virtual objects through master controlling interfaces. By its commonly understood definition,
teleoperation indicates operation of a machine at a distance. It is similar in meaning to the
phrase “remote control” but with significant implications for industry. It is most commonly
associated with robotics, and more specifically, mobile robots but can be applied to a whole
range of circumstances in which a device or machine is operated by a person from a distance.
With IoT, teleoperation takes on an expanded meaning as processes become optimized and
automation is much more efficient.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): A form of data handling and signaling in which a common
channel is used for transmitting and receiving information. This in contrast to the use of
Internet Protocol (IP) and other packet switching methods that do not require use of a
dedicated path, but rather instead transmit information as packets of data, often over diverse
paths to traverse from data sender to data receiver.

Unstructured Data: Typically defined as data that does not have a defined data model and not
organized in a manner that is conducive to analysis via traditional tools, unstructured data is
often voluminous and difficult to manage with traditional data management technologies,
tools, and techniques. Accordingly, Big Data Analytics are often utilized to derive actionable
information from raw data, which may come from anything from social media networks to
sensors that capture machine-generated data from industrial processes or machines such as a
jet engine.

Virtual Reality: Virtual Reality (VR) focuses on virtual experience through realistic interaction
with 3D content presented in a digitally generated space.  VR depends upon data from human
sensory organs such as stereoscopic Images, sound, and bio-signals to enhance the VR
experience.  There will be many new use case scenarios for VR such as mixed reality-based
learning systems that provide an immersive learning environment.  As virtual reality becomes
more prevalent, there will be a need for many new technologies and solutions such as bot
recognition.

Virtual Twins: As IoT networks and systems evolve, Mind Commerce sees a role for virtual
control of real-objects, vice versa, and also virtual to virtual control. As part of the model
envisioned, virtual objects (software programs) function as an abstract of real-world things
(Smart Objects in the physic environment).  Virtual objects are associated with real objects to
the extent that the latter may be manipulated, controlled, etc. This is often referred to in the
industry as “digital twinning” for the concept of a digital twin of something in the virtual world
that matches something in the real world. Three scenarios discussed in Mind Commerce
research include IoT Virtual-to-Real (V2R), IoT Real-to-Virtual (R2V), and IoT Virtual-to-Virtual
(V2V). Each of these scenarios has substantial implications for future of consumer, enterprise,
and industrial products and services.

https://mindcommerce.com/about/ict-glossary/

TASK 2: GAME SHOW WORDLES

WORD SEARCHES

I. PROCEDURE:
A common strategy for finding all the words is to go through the puzzle left to right
(or right to left) and look for the first letter of the word (if a word list is provided).
After finding the letter, one should look at the eight surrounding letters to see
whether the next letter of the word is there. One can then continue this method
until the entire word is found.
Another strategy is to look for 'outstanding' letters within the word one is searching
for (if a word list is provided). Since most word searches use capital letters, it is
easiest to spot the letters that stand out from others. These letters include Q, J, X,
and Z.[1]
Lastly, the strategy of looking for double letters in the word being searched for (if a
word list is provided) proves helpful, because it is easier to spot two identical letters
side-by-side than to search for two different letters.
If a word list is not provided, a way to find words is to go row by row. First, all the
horizontal rows should be read both backwards and forwards, then the vertical, and
so on. Sometimes the puzzle itself will help. The puzzles generated by a computer
tend to put words in patterns. Furthermore, the bigger the words and the more
words, the easier they are to spot. In some computer-generated puzzles, if the
person solving the puzzle sees one word, all they have to do to find more is to look
in adjacent rows, columns, or diagonals. The puzzle might use every row, column, or
diagonal—or just every other row, column, or diagonal.

II. NUMBER OF TEAMS PLAYING

1 PLAYER
III. GAME MASTER
A word search has a grid (often 10×10 or more) filled with letters, and a number of
words written alongside or beneath the grid. The person completing the word
search needs to find those words within the grid.
Most word searches are easy enough for children, though younger children will
struggle with backward and diagonal words. They’re a good way to get used to letter
patterns and to improve spelling – and because word searches rely on matching
letters, even children who can’t read well will be able to complete simple ones.

IV. SCORING

V. PREPARED BY: RICA MAE S. VELASCO

TASK 3:
CONCEPTS IDENTIFIED MY THOUGHTS ABOUT
CONCEPTS
a. Concepts about Insufficiently available and
having lack of well-maintained school
facilities. facilities indicate that
students are not receiving
their rights to adequate and
well-maintained school
facilities. Non-working or
poorly maintained public
restrooms, a lack of
classrooms, overcrowding in
classrooms, poor ventilation,
unsanitary and crowded
canteens, and other signs of
poor facilities can be found.
b. Concepts about Every classroom contains a
teaching strategies. diverse range of students
with varying abilities and
personalities, some students
learn faster than others. As a
result, teaching strategies
and implement innovative
solutions in order to meet
the individual needs of each
student in the classroom.
c. Concepts about In general, the grading
grading system. system is the process by
which educators evaluate the
performance of students in
exams on standard specific
scales that are entirely based
on points and consist of
grades such as A-F or ranges
such as 1-10; generally,
letters and numbers are used
to describe the grade of the
scholars.
MY FRIEND’S THOUGHTS
ABOUT CONCEPTS
A students ability to
participate in various learning
and extracurricular activities
reduces a teacher’s job
satisfaction, which reduces
their motivation to teach.
Political, economic, social
and technological pressures
are causing higher education
institutions across the
country to become more
responsive to students’
needs and concerned about
how well students are
prepared to assume future
societal roles.
Grading is a method for
educators to assess each
student’s performance and
learning. Grading can be
done using letter grades,
percentages, or even a
simple pass/fail system. They
can also be assigned to more
ambiguous activities that a
teacher believes are critical
to the learning experience.