Question:

The shaft shown in the figure carries a 18-lbf gear on the left and a
32-lbf gear on the right.

Estimate the first critical speed due to the loads, the shaft's critical
speed without the loads, and the critical speed of the combination.

Problem 7−32

Dimensions in inches.

Answer :

Consider the following table showing bending moment values for

length x:
Draw the plot between bending moment M and length x by using the tabulated data.

Write the equation for second area moment.

…… (1)

Here, d is the diameter.

For

Substitute for I and for d in equation (1).

For

Substitute for I and for d in equation (1).

For

Substitute for I and for d in equation (1).

Consider the following table showing values for corresponding values of

Draw the plot between and x by using the tabulated data.

The second figure shows the changes in value (steps) and slope occurrence.

Consider an example of obtaining step change.

At x =1 in, goes from to

Consider an example of obtaining change in slope.

The slope for can be obtained as,

The slope for can be obtained as,

Determine the change in slope.

Tabulate the step change and the slope change:

Model all steps using singularity functions with a spreadsheet. Programming both
loads will enable the user to first set the left load to 1, the right load to 0 and
calculate and . Then set the left load to 0 and the right to 1 to get and .
The spreadsheet shows the and calculation.

Calculate and as follows

Obtain the equation for in terms of the spreadsheet cell locations.

Here, M is bending moment.

Substitute for .

…… (2)

Here, E is young’s modulus and y is deflection.

Integrate the equation (2) twice on both sides with respect to x.

Substitute 1.114085 for E2, -0.636727 for D3, -0.636727 for F3, -0.545552 for F5,
-0.171504 for D7, 0.024501 for F7, 0.115461 for D11, and -0.115461 for F11.
 …… (3)

Apply the boundary conditions, and the values of

constants obtained are,

Substitute for E, for and for in equation

(3).

Calculate the influence coefficients by substituting for y and 2 for x.

Calculate the influence coefficients by substituting for and 14 for x.

Repeat the calculations for .

The influence coefficients are obtained as, and

Calculate the deflection due to 18 lbf.

Substitute 18 lbf for , for , 32 lbf for and for .

Calculate the deflection due to 32 lbf.

Substitute 18 lbf for , for , 32 lbf for and for .

Obtain the values of .

Calculate the critical speed due to the loads.

Here, is the critical speed and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Substitute for g, 18 lbf for , for , for , 32

lbf for , for , and for .

Therefore, the critical speed due to the loads is .

Without loads, the shaft is modelled as two elements. One between

and one between

As an approximation, place the weights at,

Obtain the weight density of the steel from the table A-5, “Physical Constants of
Materials†.
Calculate the weight of the left element.

Here, is the weight of the left element.

Substitute for , 2 in. for , 2.472 in. for , 1 in. for , and 8 in.
for .

Calculate the weight of the right element.

Here, is the weight of the left element.

Substitute for , 2.763 in. for , 2 in. for , 6 in. for and 1 in.
for ,.

Draw the figure with obtained weights.

The spread sheet can be easily modified as follows:

Calculate the critical speed without the loads.

Substitute for g, 11.7 lbf for , for , for ,

11 lbf for , for , and for .

Therefore, the critical speed without the loads is .

Calculate the critical speed for the combination by using Dunkerley’s equation.
Substitute 6149 rad/s for and 4980 rad/s for

Therefore, the critical speed for the combination is .