Experiment No.

Title:
To study Slider-Crank Mechanism, and illustrate its Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration graphs.

Objectives:
 To study how the rotary and translating motions of crank shaft and slider (respectively) are inter-
convertible through slider-crank mechanism.
 To plot the displacement, velocity and acceleration graphs of this convertible motion, with respect to the
angle by which the crankshaft is rotated.

Apparatus:
 Slider-Crank Apparatus
 Lubricating Oil
 Meter Rod

Experimental Setup:
Take the slider-crank setup and clean it appropriately. Apply the lubricating oil to the movable parts of the
apparatus to avoid any friction between its parts. Set the apparatus as given below in the procedure and start the
experiment.
Procedure:
 Take the specified apparatus and clean it properly.
 Lubricate the moving parts of apparatus to avoid any friction between them.
 Now rotate the crank of the apparatus by an angle of 10° and note the corresponding displacement of the
slider, with the help of the provided linear scale.
 Go on repeating the experiment, until one complete revolution (360° ) of the crank is accomplished.
 From the investigational calculations, sketch a graph between displacement and degree of rotation.
 After plotting the graph, it is obvious that tangents at every point along the graph will provide the
specific velocity at that point. Hence, we can calculate the velocities at each point by the formula of
slope at any point:
x 2−x 1
v=
θ 2−θ 1
 Now, we can plot these points to get a graph between velocity and degree of rotation.
 Similarly, we can also draw a graph between acceleration and degree of rotation:

v 2−v 1
a=
θ 2−θ 1
 Observations and Calculations
(Velocity)
Angle of rotation Displacement Velocity
(degrees) (inches) (inches/degree)
0 0 0

20 0.2 0.01

40 0.75 0.0275
60 1.5 0.0375

80 2.4 0.045

100 3.25 0.0425

120 4 0.0375

140 4.55 0.0275

160 4.9 0.0175

180 5 0.005
200 4.9 -0.005

220 4.5 -0.02

240 3.95 -0.0275

260 3.15 -0.04

280 2.3 -0.0425

300 1.4 -0.045

320 0.65 -0.0375

340 0.2 -0.0225

360 0 -0.01
 Graphs

"Displacement-Angle of rotation" Graph

6

5
dislacement(Inchs)

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Angle of Rotation(degree)

d Moving average (d)

"Velocity-Angle of rotation" Graph

0.05

0.04

0.03
Velocity(inchs/degree)

0.02

0.01

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
-0.01

-0.02

-0.03

-0.04

-0.05

Angle of Rotation(degree)

v Moving average (v)

 Calculations and Observations
(Acceleration)

Angle of Rotation Displacement Velocity Acceleration

(degrees) (Inches) (Inches/degree) (Inches/degree2)
0 0 0 0

30 0.45 0.015 0.0005

60 1.5 0.035 0.000667

90 2.85 0.045 0.000333

120 4 0.038333 -0.00022

150 4.825 0.0275 -0.00036

180 5 0.005833 -0.00072

210 4.75 -0.00833 -0.00047

240 3.9 -0.02833 -0.00067

270 2.75 -0.03833 -0.00033

300 1.45 -0.04333 -0.00017

330 0.4 -0.035 0.000278

360 0 -0.01333 0.000722

 Chart Title
0.0008

0.0006

0.0004
Accleration(inche/degree2)

0.0002 Series2
Logarithmic
(Series2)
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

-0.0002

-0.0004

-0.0006

-0.0008

Angle of Rotation (Degree)

Linkage:
Linkage, in mechanical engineering, is a system of solid, usually metallic, links associated to two or more other
links by pin joints, sliding joints, or ball-and-socket joints so as to proceed a closed chain or a series of closed
chains. When one of the links is immovable, the possible movements of the other links comparative to the fixed
link and to one another will depend on the number of links and the number and types of joints. With four pin-
connected links, for instance, the links all move in parallel planes, and irrespective of which link is fixed, the
other links have constrained motion; i.e., they move in a immobile and determinate way relative to the fixed
link. By fluctuating the relative lengths of the links, this four-bar linkage becomes a beneficial mechanism for
converting uniform rotary to non-uniform rotary motion or incessant rotary to oscillatory motion; it is the most
frequently used linkage mechanism in machine construction.

Slider-Crank Mechanism:
Slider-crank mechanism is a prearrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert straight-line motion to
rotary motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to alter rotary motion to straight-line motion, as in a
reciprocating piston pump.
The rudimentary nature of the mechanism and the relative motion of the parts can be unsurpassably described
with the aid of the accompanying figure, in which the moving parts are lightly shaded. The darkly shaded part 1,
the fixed frame or block of the pump or engine, comprises a cylinder, depicted in cross section by its
walls DE and FG, in which the piston, part 4, slides back and forth. The small circle at A epitomizes the main
crankshaft bearing, which is also in part 1. The crankshaft, part 2, is revealed as a straight member extending
from the main bearing at A to the crankpin bearing at B, which connects it to the connecting rod, part 3. The
connecting rod is depicted as a straight member extending from the crankpin bearing at B to the wristpin
bearing at C, which attaches it to the piston, part 4, which is shown as a rectangle. The three bearings shown as
circles at A, B, and C certificate the connected members to rotate freely with respect to one another. The
pathway of B is a circle of radius AB. When B is at the point h, the piston will automatically be in the
position H. And when B is at point j, the piston will be in position J. In a gasoline engine, the head part of the
cylinder is at EG. The pressure fashioned by the explosion will push the piston from position H to
position J; reoccurrence motion from J to H will require the rotational energy of a flywheel attached to the
crankshaft and rotating about a bearing collinear with bearing A. On a reciprocating piston pump the crankshaft
would be obsessed by a motor.

Application:
The applications of a slider crank mechanism are:

 Reciprocating engine
  Rotary engine
 Oscillating cylinder engine
 Hand Pump
 Scotch Yoke
 Oldham's coupling
 Elliptical Trammel
 Inversion of a 4-bar chain mechanism
 The Slider Crank Mechanism is frequently utilized in undergraduate engineering courses to investigate
machine kinematics and resulting dynamic forces. The position, velocity, acceleration and shaking
forces generated by a slider-crank mechanism during operation can be determined analytically.
 Slider Crank Mechanism is used in piston cylinder assembly in combustion engine, and converts
reciprocating motion in circular motion and vice versa.

Comments:
 Displacement and degree of rotation are directly proportional to each other up to 180° and vice
versa.
 The velocity-angle of rotation graph is sinusoidal graph.
 The acceleration-angle of rotation is cosine curve from 00 to 3600.
 The experiment shows the inter-convertibility of rotary and translating mechanisms.

References:
1. (https://www.britannica.com/technology/linkage-machine-component)
2. (https://www.britannica.com/technology/slider-crank-mechanism)