Guevarra, Aris Cedric V.

BETMT-AET-2A
Activity No. 3

1. What is potentiometer and its principle?

- A potentiometer is a device that compares an unknown voltage to a known reference
voltage to determine voltage or "potential difference." When a sensitive indicating
instrument is utilized, just a small amount of current is extracted from the unknown
voltage source. A potentiometer can give great measurement precision since the
reference voltage is generated by a well calibrated voltage divider. Johann Christian
Poggendorff described the procedure in 1841, and it has since become a common
laboratory measuring technique.

2. How does potentiometer involve in automobiles?

- The principle of the potentiometer is extensively investigated in the paper in order to
speed up the intelligence and automation of the steering system, and then its two
application approaches for the vehicle steering system are also addressed in detail. The
first approach is to use the potentiometer in a classic steering system that does not have
a microprocessor controller and relies solely on the differential output of the twin
potentiometers to accomplish steering operations. Finally, the second way, known as
steer-by-wire, is introduced, in which one potentiometer collects the driver's steering
signal and the other collects the steering gear's pinion angle signal, and these signals
are all fed into a controller for precise and safe steering. The results of the experiment
demonstrate that the potentiometer will play a larger part in future steering systems,
and that its successful application can spur faster steering system innovation.

3. Air Density
- The density of air or atmospheric density, denoted ρ, is the mass per unit volume of
Earth's atmosphere. Air density, like air pressure, decreases with increasing altitude.
It also changes with variation in atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity. Air
density is defined as the mass of air per unit volume, whereas the specific volume is
defined in terms of unit mass of dry air. Air density is the mass, or weight in general,
of air divided by the volume it occupies. As the weight of air increases per unit of
volume or it is condensed into a smaller volume, air density increases. If the weight is
reduced or it occupies a larger volume, then air density is reduced. Air density is vital
to engine performance. It determines how much power an engine can produce by
determining how much oxygen is available for combustion.
4. Pressure and Vacuum
- A vacuum is any pressure less than the local atmospheric pressure. It is defined as the
difference between the local atmospheric pressure and the point of measurement. A
vacuum is correctly measured with a differential pressure transducer that has one port
open to atmosphere. If, for example, the negative port is connected to a vacuum and
the + port open to atmosphere, the transducer signal will increase as the vacuum
increases. It will always indicate the correct vacuum, even when the local
atmospheric pressure changes with the weather.

5. Volumetric Efficiency
- Volumetric efficiency (VE) in internal combustion engine engineering is defined as
the ratio of the mass density of the air-fuel mixture drawn into the cylinder at
atmospheric pressure (during the intake stroke) to the mass density of the same
volume of air in the intake manifold. The term is also used in other engineering
contexts, such as hydraulic pumps and electronic components.