Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Mathematics 9
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Triangle Similarity

MELCs:

 Illustrates similarity of figures (M9GE-IIIg-1)

 Proves the conditions for similarity of triangles
(M9GE-IIIg-h-1)

Prepared by:

AIG R. AMBROCIO
JOHN M. UGANIZA
Mathematics – Grade 9
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Triangle Similarity
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Aig R. Ambrocio

John M. Uganiza

Editors: Heri Bert B. Pascua

Edmund T. Respicio

Reviewers: Martina R. Agullana

Michael B. Malvar

Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz

Joye D. Madalipay
Santiago L. Baoec
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Martina R. Agullana

Division Design & Lay- Johnsen-Virgil P. Calili

out Artist

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Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
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Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocos.norte@deped.gov.ph
 9
Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Triangle Similarity
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest
in using them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you in your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

ii
Pre-Assessment
Directions. Find out how much you already know about the topics in this
module. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Take note of the items that
you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go
through this module.

1. What similarity theorems state that, “Two triangles are similar if the
corresponding sides of two triangles are in proportion”?
A. Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
B. AA Similarity Theorem
C. SSS Similarity Theorem
D. SAS Similarity Theorem

̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅

2. Given: AT FH intersect at point I;̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅; ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐼 ≅ 𝑇𝐼 ̅̅̅̅. What similarity
𝐹𝐼 ≅ 𝐻𝐼
theorem justifies that ΔFIA ~ ΔHIT?
A. Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
B. AA Similarity Theorem
C. SSS Similarity Theorem
D. SAS Similarity Theorem

̅̅̅̅||𝐻𝑊
3. ∆𝐶𝑂𝐷 ~ ∆𝐻𝑂𝑊 because 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅̅ , which of the following is true?

4. Which of the following pairs of triangles cannot be proved similar?

5. What similarity concept justifies that ∆FEL ~ ∆QWN ?

A. Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
B. AA Similarity Theorem o
C. SSS Similarity Theorem o

D. SAS Similarity Theorem

1
 AC AM
6. If = AY which of the following data makes ∆CAM ~ ∆SAY by SAS
AS
Similarity Theorem?
A. ∠CAM ≅ ∠SAY
B. ∠ACM ≅ ∠ASY
C. ∠AMC ≅ ∠AYS
D. ∠SCM ≅ ∠YMC

7. What theorem will you use to find the diagonal of a 10 cm by 8 cm

rectangle?
A. Right Triangle Proportionality Theorem
B. Triangle Proportional Theorem
C. Pythagorean Theorem
D. Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem

8. A special right triangle whose angles are 45o, 45o and 90o is a kind of
what triangle?
A. Equilateral B. Equiangular C. Right Isosceles D. Scalene

9. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is right triangle at A and AH is the height relative to BC. We can

say that:
A. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐻 are similar
B. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐻 are similar
C. All choices are valid
D. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐻 are similar

10. Which statement is false?

A. Not all isosceles triangles are similar
B. All similar triangles are congruent
C. If two triangles are congruent then they are similar
D. All right isosceles triangles are similar

2
 What I Need to Know

This module was specifically developed and designed to provide you fun
and meaningful learning experience, with your own time and pace.

The module contains the lesson:

 Similarity of Triangles

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 illustrates similarity of figures (M9GE-IIIg-1)
 prove the conditions for similarity of triangles (M9GE-IIIg-h-1)
1.1 SAS Similarity Theorem;
1.2 SSS Similarity Theorem;
1.3 AA Similarity Theorem;
1.4 Right Triangle Similarity Theorem; and
1.5 Special Right Triangle Theorems.

Lesson

1 Similarity of Triangles

Hello there! So, how do you find similarity of

triangles? In this lesson, we will prove the
different similarity theorem.

We have a lot of proving to do

today!

3
 What I Know

Activity 1: Same with Me?

Directions: Identify the given figures whether they are similar or not. Write
IN if the figures are similar otherwise write OUT, then justify your answer.

1. . 2.

______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

3. 4.

_____________________ ___________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

4
Activity 1: Match Me!
Direction: Choose the letter of the statement in column B that best
describes the theorem in column A.
A B
___1. SSS Similarity Theorem
___2. AA Similarity Theorem
___3. SAS Similarity Theorem
___4. 45-45-90 Right Triangle
Theorem
___5. 30-60-90 Right Triangle
Theorem
___6. Right Triangle Similarity
Theorem
5
√2
a. Each leg is 2 times the
hypotenuse and the hypotenuse
is √2 times each leg
b. Two triangles are similar if an
angle of one triangle is
congruent to an angle of
another triangle and the
corresponding sides including
those angles are in proportion.
c. Two triangles are similar if two
angles of one triangle are
congruent to two angles of
another triangle.
d. If the altitude is drawn to the
hypotenuse of a right triangle,
then the two triangles formed
are similar to the original
triangle and to each other.
e. Two triangles are similar if the
corresponding sides of two
triangles are in proportion.
g. The shorter leg is 1/2 the
hypotenuse h or √2/2 times the
longer leg; the longer leg is √3
times the shorter leg and the
hypotenuse is twice the shorter
leg.
 What’s In
A. Directions: Analyze the figure below. Fill in the blanks to satisfy the
statements.
∆𝐒𝐄𝐓 ~ ∆𝐀𝐈𝐃
E
I

A D

S T

1. S ↔ ____ 6. ̅̅̅̅
TE ↔ ____
2. E ↔ ____ 7. ∡S ≅ ____
3. D ↔ ____ 8. ∡T ≅ ____
4. ̅̅̅
ES ↔ ____ 9. ∡I ≅ ____
5. ̅̅̅̅
AD ↔ ____

B. Direction: Do what is required involving similarity of figures.

Given: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹

1. Which side corresponds to BC?

2. If m∠𝐷 = 38°, what is m ∠𝐴?
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
3. If 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐸𝐹 , then find other proportions
4. What is the value of x?
5. What is the value of y?

6
 What’s New

Did you know…

Cameras can be very expensive because it contains a set of highly precise
glass lenses, which needs to be moved by a tiny motor into very exact positions
as the camera autofocuses. It also involves a complicated geometry and
mathematical applications.

Images are produced by applying the concepts of similar triangles.

When light passes through the lens of the camera, an inverted image is
produced at the back side of the camera as shown on the figure below. A
mirror inside the camera then reorients the image, making it look like a
minified version of the view being captured.

Why is a camera expensive? How does it make images?

To understand more about the concept of similar triangles, read and
learn in the next pages of this module.

7
 What is It
SAS Similarity Theorem and Its Proof

SAS Similarity Theorem

Two triangles are similar if an angle of one triangle is congruent to an angle of
another triangle and the corresponding sides including those angles are in
proportion.

Illustration:

If: UP SP
= ; ∠P ≅ ∠T
AT ET
S P
Then: ∆SUP ~ ∆EAT

E T

Proof:

U Prove:
∆𝑆𝑈𝑃~∆𝐸𝐴𝑇 A
Proof:
 Construct 𝑋 on 𝐴𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ X
S P ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
such that 𝑋𝑇 = 𝑈𝑃
 From X, construct
A ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊 parallel to ̅̅̅̅𝐴𝐸
̅̅̅̅
intersecting 𝐸𝑇 at E T
W. W

E T
Given:

8
 𝑈𝑃 𝑆𝑃
= ; ∠P ≅ ∠T
𝐴𝑇 𝐸𝑇

Hints Statements Reasons

1 Which sides are ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 By construction
parallel by
construction?
2 Describe angles WXT & ∠WXT ≅ ∠EAT Corresponding angles
EAT and XWT & AET ∠XWT ≅ ∠AET are congruent
based on statement 1
3 Are WXT and EAT AA Similarity
similar? ∆𝑊𝑋𝑇~∆𝐸𝐴𝑇 Theorem
4 Write the equal ratios 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝑇 𝑊𝑇 Definition of similar
= =
of similar triangles in 𝐸𝐴 𝐴𝑇 𝐸𝑇 polygons
statement 3
5 Write the congruent
sides that resulted ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑈𝑃
𝑋𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ By construction
from construction
5 Write the given related 𝑈𝑃 𝑆𝑃 Given
=
to corresponding sides 𝐴𝑇 𝐸𝑇
7 Use statement 5 in 𝑋𝑇 𝑆𝑃 Substitution Property
=
statement 6 𝐴𝑇 𝐸𝑇 of Equality
𝑋𝑇 𝑆𝑃 𝑆𝑃 𝑊𝑇
If = 𝐸𝑇 (statement 7) =
𝐴𝑇
𝑋𝑇 𝑊𝑇 𝐸𝑇 𝐸𝑇
and = (statement
8 𝐴𝑇 𝐸𝑇 Transitive property of
4), then Equality
If
𝑋𝑈
=
𝑃𝑅
(statement 7) 𝑈𝑃 𝑋𝑇
𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈 =
𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅 𝐴𝑇 𝐴𝑇
and = (statement
𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈
4), then
9 Multiply the proportion ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑃 = ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑇
in statement 8 by their Multiplication
common denominators ̅̅̅̅ = 𝑋𝑇
𝑈𝑃 ̅̅̅̅ Property of Equality
and simplify
10 Write the given related ∠P ≅ ∠T Given
to corresponding
angles
11 What can you say ∆𝑆𝑈𝑃~∆𝑊𝑋𝑇 SAS Triangle
about the triangles Congruence Postulate
SUP and WXT based
on statements 9 & 10
12 Write a statement ∆𝑆𝑈𝑃~∆𝑊𝑋𝑇 Congruent triangles
when the reason is the are similar
one shown

9
13 Write a conclusion ∆𝑆𝑈𝑃~∆𝐸𝐴𝑇 Substitution Property
using statements 12
and 3

SSS Similarity Theorem and Its Proof

SSS Similarity Theorem

Two triangles are similar if the corresponding sides of two triangles are in
proportion.

Illustration:

A
If: RE ED RD
= =
E TA AG TG
Then: ∆RED~ ∆TAG

R D T G

Proof:

E Prove: A
∆𝑅𝐸𝐷~∆𝑇𝐴𝐺
Proof: X
R D  Construct 𝑋 on ̅̅̅̅𝐴𝐺
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐷
such that 𝑋𝐺 ̅̅̅̅
A  From X, construct
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊 parallel to ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇 T G
̅̅̅̅ at
intersecting 𝑇𝐺 W
W.
T G

Given:
𝑅𝐸 𝐸𝐷 𝑅𝐷
= =
𝑇𝐴 𝐴𝐺 𝑇𝐺

Hints Statements Reasons

1 Which sides are ̅̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝑇𝐴
𝑋𝑊 ̅̅̅̅ By construction
parallel by
construction?
2 Describe angles WXG ∠WXG ≅ ∠TAG Corresponding angles
& TAG and XWG & ∠XWG ≅ ∠ATG are congruent

10
 ATG based on
statement 1
3 Are WXG and STG ∆𝑊𝑋𝐺~∆𝑇𝐴𝐺 AA Similarity Theorem
similar?
4 Write the equal ratios 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐺 𝑊𝐺 Definition of similar
= =
of similar triangles in 𝑇𝐴 𝐴𝐺 𝑇𝐺 polygons
statement 3
5 Write the given 𝑅𝐸 𝐸𝐷 𝑅𝐷 Given
= =
𝑇𝐴 𝐴𝐺 𝑇𝐺
6 Write the congruent ̅̅̅̅ = 𝐸𝐷
𝑋𝐺 ̅̅̅̅
sides that resulted By construction
from construction
7 Use statement 6 in 𝑅𝐸 𝑋𝐺 𝑅𝐷 Substitution Property
= =
statement 5 𝑇𝐴 𝐴𝐺 𝑇𝐺 of Equality
8 If
𝑅𝐸 𝑋𝐺
= 𝐴𝐺 (statement
𝑇𝐴
𝑊𝑋 𝑅𝐸 𝑊𝑋 𝑅𝐷 𝑊𝐺 Transitive property of
7) and = = ; =
𝑇𝐴 𝑇𝐴 𝑇𝐴 𝑇𝐺 𝑇𝐺 Equality
𝑋𝐺
𝐴𝐺
(statement 4), then
9 If
𝑋𝐺
=
𝑅𝐷
(statement
𝐴𝐺 𝑇𝐺
𝑋𝐺 𝑊𝐺 𝑅𝐸 = 𝑊𝑋; 𝑅𝐷 = 𝑊𝐺 Multiplication
7) and =
𝐴𝐺 𝑇𝐺 Property of Equality
(statement 4), then
10 Are triangles RED ∆𝑅𝐸𝐷~∆𝑊𝑋𝐺
and WXG congruent? SSS Triangle
Base your answer Congruence Postulate
from statements 9
and 6
11 Use statement 10 to ∠WGX ≅ ∠TGA Definition of
describe angles WGX congruent triangles
and TGA
12 Substitute the 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐺 𝑊𝐺
= = =1
denominators of 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐺 𝑊𝐺 Substitution property
statement 4 using the of equality
equivalents in
statements 9 and 6,
then simplify
13 Using statements 2, ∆𝑅𝐸𝐷~∆𝑇𝐴𝐺
11, and 12, what can Definition of Similar
you say about polygons
triangles RED and
TAG?
14 Write a conclusion ∆𝑅𝐸𝐷~∆𝑇𝐴𝐺 Transitivity
using statements 13
and 3

11
 Notice that we have also proven that congruent triangles are similar,
where the uniform proportionality of sides is equal to one (1).

AA Similarity Theorem and Its Proof

AA Similarity Theorem
Two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle are congruent to two
angles of another triangle

Illustration:

A B
If: ∠B ≅ ∠Y; ∠C ≅ ∠Z
Then: ∆ABC ~ ∆XYZ
C
X Y

Z
Given: ∠𝑩 ≅ ∠𝒀; ∠𝑪 ≅ ∠𝒁
Prove: ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪~∆𝑿𝒀𝒁
Proof:
Hints Statements Reasons
1 Write all the given ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑌; ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑍 Given
Describe the measure Definition of
2 of the congruent m∠B ≅ m∠Y; 𝑚∠𝐶 ≅ 𝑚∠𝑍 congruent angles
angles in statement 1
Add 𝐦∠𝑪 to both Addition property of
3 sides of 𝐦∠𝑩 = 𝐦∠𝒀 m∠𝐵 + m∠𝐶 ≅ m∠𝑌 equality
in statement 2 + 𝑚∠𝐶
4 Substitute 𝐦∠𝑪 on Substitution property
the right side of m∠𝐵 + m∠𝐶 ≅ m∠𝑌 of Equality
statement 3 using + 𝑚∠𝑍
statement 2
Add the measures of m∠𝐵 + m∠𝐶 + m∠𝐴 = 180 The sum of the
5 all the angles of m∠𝑌 + m∠𝑍 + m∠𝑋 = 180 measures of the three
triangles ABC and angles in a triangle is
XYZ 180.

12
 Equate the measures Transitive Property of
6 of all the angles of m∠𝐵 + m∠𝐶 + m∠𝐴 Equality
triangles ABC and = m∠𝑌 + m∠𝑍 + m∠𝑋
XYZ from statement 5
Substitute 𝐦∠𝐘 on m∠𝐵 + m∠𝐶 + m∠𝐴 Substitution Property
7 the right side of = m∠𝐵 + m∠𝐶 + m∠𝑋 of Equality
statement 6 using
statement 2
8 Simplify statement 7 m∠𝐴 = m∠𝑋 Subtraction Property
of Equality
Are triangles ABC and
9 XYZ similar? Reason ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝑋𝑌𝑍 AAA Similarity
should be based from Postulate
statements 2 and 8

Right Triangle Similarity Theorem and Its Proof

Right Triangle Similarity Theorem (RTST)

If the altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a right triangle, then the two
triangles formed are similar to the original rectangle and to each other.

Illustration:

I Given:

S 1. ∆𝐼𝐶𝐸 is a right triangle with ∠𝐼𝐶𝐸

and a right angle and 𝐼𝐸 ̅̅̅ as the
hypotenuse.
̅̅̅̅ is an altitude to the hypotenuse
2. 𝐶𝑆
of ∆𝐼𝐶𝐸.
C E
Prove: ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ~ ∆𝑪𝑺𝑬 ~ ∆𝑰𝑺𝑪

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1 ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 is a right triangle with ∠𝑰𝑪𝑬 as Given
right angle and ̅̅̅
𝑰𝑬 as the hypotenuse

13
2 ̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑺 is an altitude to the hypotenuse of Given
∆𝑰𝑪𝑬
3 ̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐈𝐄
𝐂𝐒 ̅̅̅ Definition of altitude

4 ∠𝑰𝑺𝑪 and ∠𝑪𝑺𝑬 are right angles Definition of perpendicular

lines
5 ∠𝑰𝑺𝑪 ≅ ∠𝑪𝑺𝑬 ≅ ∠𝑰𝑪𝑬 Definition of right angles

6 ∠𝑺𝑰𝑪 ≅ ∠𝑪𝑰𝑬 ; ∠𝑺𝑬𝑪 ≅ ∠𝑪𝑬𝑰 Reflexive Property

7 ∆𝑰𝑺𝑪 ~ ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ; ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ~ ∆𝑪𝑺𝑬 AA Similarity Theorem

8 ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ~ ∆𝑪𝑺𝑬 ~ ∆𝑰𝑺𝑪 Transitive Property

Special Properties of Right Triangles

When the altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a right triangle,
1. The length of the altitude is the geometric mean between the
segments of the hypotenuse; and
2. Each leg is the geometric mean between the hypotenuse and the
segment of the hypotenuse that is adjacent to the leg

c
a

d f

14
Separating the new right triangles formed from the original triangle:

c
a b
d
A
B

b f

a
e
C

Altitude d is the Using the definition of Similar Polygons in Right

geometric mean Triangles
between the e and f 𝑩 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 𝑓 𝑑
= → 𝑑 2 = 𝑒𝑓 → 𝑑 = √𝑒𝑓
𝑑 𝑒
Leg a is the geometric 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 𝑐 𝑎
= → 𝑎2 = 𝑒𝑐 → 𝑎 = √𝑒𝑐
mean between c and e 𝑎 𝑒
Leg b is the geometric 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩 𝑓 𝑏
= → 𝑏2 = 𝑓𝑐 → 𝑏 = √𝑓𝑐
mean between c and f 𝑏 𝑐
45-45-90 Right Triangle Theorem and Its Proof

45-45-90 Right Triangle Theorem

In a 45-45-90 right triangle:
√2
 each leg is times the hypotenuse; and
2
 the hypotenuse is √2 times each leg 𝑙.

Illustration:

15
 Given: Prove:
45
h Right Triangle with  𝒉 = √𝟐 𝒍
I  leg = 𝒍 √𝟐
 𝒍= 𝒉
 hypotenuse = 𝒉, 𝟐

45 l

Proof:

Hints Statements Reasons

1 List down all the Right triangle with leg = 𝒍, Given
given hypotenuse = 𝒉
2 Write an equation
about the measures 𝒍𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐 = 𝒉𝟐 → 𝟐𝒍𝟐 = 𝒉𝟐 Pythagorean
of the legs and the Theorem
hypotenuse and
simplify
3 Solving for 𝒉 in 𝒉 = √𝟐𝒍𝟐 = 𝒍√𝟐 = √𝟐𝒍
𝒆
√𝒃𝒆 = 𝒃
statement 2
𝒉 Division Property
𝒉 = √𝟐𝒍 → 𝒍 =
4 Solving for 𝒍 in √𝟐 of Equality
statement 3
𝒉 √𝟐 √𝟐𝒉 Rationalization of
𝒍= ( )= Radicals
√𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐

30-60-90 Right Triangle Theorem and Its Proof

30-60-90 Right Triangle Theorem

In a 30-60-90 right triangle:
1 √2
 the shorter leg s is the hypotenuse h or times the longer leg l;
2 2
 the longer leg 𝑙 is √2 times the shorter leg s; and
 the hypotenuse h is twice the shorter leg s.

Illustration:

16
 A
Given: Prove:

30o Right ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 with  𝒉 = 𝟐𝒔

 Hypotenuse AC = h, 
𝟏
𝒔=𝟐 𝒉
h  Shorter leg BC = s,
 𝒍 = √𝟑 𝒔
l  Longer leg AB = l √𝟑
 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30  𝒔= 𝒍
𝟑
 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = 60
45o
B C
s

A
Proof:
30o 30o
Construct a right triangle
equivalent to the given
h h
triangle with the longer leg l
l as the line of symmetry
such that: ∠BAC = 30 and
∠ADB = 60; AD = ℎ, and 45o 45o
D C
BD = s. s B s
t

Hints Statements Reasons

1 List down all the Right ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 with 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐴 = Given
given 60; 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30; 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑡; 𝐵𝐶 =
𝑠; 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑙
2 List down all the ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷; 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 30;
constructed angles 𝑚∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 60; 𝐴𝐷 = ℎ, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 By construction
and segments and 𝐵𝐷 = 𝑠.
their measures
3 Use angle addition Angle Addition
postulate to ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 Postulate
and 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐷
4 What is 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 30 + 30 = 60 Substitution Property
of Equality
5 What do you observe
about ∆𝐶𝐴𝐷 ∆𝐶𝐴𝐷 is equiangular triangle Definition of
considering its Equiangular Triangle
angles?
6 What conclusion can ∆𝐶𝐴𝐷 is equilateral Equiangular Triangle
you make based from is also equilateral
statement 5
7 With statement 6, Definition of
what can you say 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 = ℎ Equilateral Triangle
about the sides of
∆𝐶𝐴𝐷?

17
 8 Use Segment 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐶𝐷 Segment Addition
Addition Postulate for Postulate
LN and ML
9 Replace BD, CB, CD 𝑠 + 𝑠 = ℎ → 2𝑠 = ℎ Substitution Property
with their of Equality
measurements
10 What is the value of ℎ = 2𝑠 Symmetric Property
h? of Equality
11 Solve for r using ℎ Division Property of
𝑠=
statement 9 2 Equality
12 What equation can Pythagorean
you write about s, l, 𝑠 2 + 𝑙 2 = ℎ2 Theorem
and h?
13 Use statement 10 in 𝑠 2 + 𝑙 2 = (2𝑠)2 Substitution Property
statement 13 of Equality
14 Simplify the right 𝑠 2 + 𝑙 2 = 4𝑠 2 Power of a Product
side of statement 13 Law of Exponent
15 Solve for 𝑙 2 𝑙 2 = 4𝑠 2 − 𝑠 2 → 𝑙 2 = 3𝑠 2 Subtraction Property
of Equality
16 Solve for l 𝑙 = √3𝑠 2 → 𝑙 = √3𝑠
𝑒
√𝑏𝑒 = 𝑏 law of
radicals
17 Solving for s in 𝑙 𝑙 √3 √3𝑙 Division Property of
statement 16 𝑠= = ( )= Equality and
√3 √3 √3 3
Rationalization of
Radicals

What’s More

Independent Assessment 1: SAS Similarity Theorem

1. Use the SAS Similarity Theorem in writing an if-then statement to describe
an illustration or in completing a figure based on an if-then statement.

I
If:

S Then:
T

L P

18
 If: 𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝐴 P I
∠P ≅ ∠K; =
𝐾𝐼 𝐾𝑁 A

Then: ∆ 𝑆𝐴𝑃~ ∆𝐼𝑁𝐾 N

K

2. Given the figure, use SAS Similarity Theorem to prove the ∆LIP ~ ∆SAP

P
L S

Hints Statements Reasons

1 Write in a proportion the (a) Given
ratios of two
corresponding
proportional sides
2 Describe included angles (b) Vertical angles are
of the proportional sides congruent
3 Conclusion based on the ∆𝐋𝐈𝐏 ~ ∆𝐒𝐀𝐏 (c)
simplified ratios

Independent Assessment 2: SSS Similarity Theorem

1. Use the SSS Similarity Theorem in writing an if-then statement to
describe an illustration or in completing a figure based on an if-then
statement.

19
 I
If:

K T Then:

B X

O
If: 𝑂𝑃 𝑂𝑇 𝑇𝑃
= = U
𝑈𝑁 𝑈𝑆 𝑆𝑁
Then: ∆ 𝑇𝑂𝑃~ ∆𝑆𝑈𝑁
N P

S
T

2. Prove that ∆𝐿𝐴𝑊~ ∆𝑆𝐼𝑁.

12 6
5
L A

4 I S
2 15

Hints Statements Reasons

1 Do all their corresponding 𝐿𝐴 𝐴𝑊 𝐿𝑊
= =
sides have uniform 𝑆𝐼 𝐼𝑁 𝑆𝑁
proportionality? Verify by
substituting the lengths 5 4 2 1 By computation
= = =
of the sides. Simplify 15 12 6 3
afterwards.
2 What is the conclusion
based on the simplified (a) (b)
ratios?

Independent Assessment 3: AA Similarity Theorem

20
 1. Use the AA Similarity Theorem in writing an if-then statement to
describe the illustration or in completing the figure based on the if-then
statement.

J
If:
T

O Then: ∆JOY ~_________

E

Y G

A
T S
If: ∠Y ≅ ∠T; ∠A ≅ ∠E

Then: ∆LAY ~ ∆SET

L Y E

2. Prove that ΔPAL ~ ΔEAC P

N

1 2
A

L C
Hint Statement Reason
1 Congruent angles with markings (a) Given
2 Congruent angles because they (b) Vertical angles
are vertical are congruent
3 Conclusion based on statement 1 ∆𝑃𝐴𝐿 ~ ∆ 𝐶𝐴𝑁 (c)
and 2

Independent Assessment 4: Right Triangle Similarity Theorem

1. Fill in the blanks with the right lengths of the described segments and
solve for the unknown sides of the similar triangles

21
 Figure Description Proportion

O The altitude of ∆JOY. Is the (a)

geometric mean between the e
and 𝑙
l
s Shorter leg 𝑎 is the geometric (b)
mean between 𝑒 and 𝑠.
n
The longer leg 𝑛 is the geometric (c)
g e
mean between 𝑙 and 𝑠.

J a Y

2. The corresponding sides of the similar triangles

O Original New New Smaller

Triangle Larger Triangle
Triangle
Hypotenuse (a) (b) (c)
6 Longer leg (d) (e) (f)

a e Shorter leg (g) (h) (i)

3 3. Solve for the geometric means s, b and a.
s
Geometric Proportion Answer
J b Y means
Altitude 𝒔 (a) (d)

Shorter leg 𝒃 (b) (e)

Longer leg 𝒂 (c) (f)

Independent Assessment 5: 45-45-90 Right Triangle Similarity

Theorem
Direction: Fill in the blanks with their measures using the formulas derived
from the proof of the 45-45-90 right triangle theorems.
Figure Formula If Then

22
 (1)
√2 ℎ=8 𝑙 = __(a)__
45o Leg = hyp
h 2
l (2)
Hyp. = √2 leg
𝑙=6 ℎ = __(b)__
l

Independent Assessment 6: 30-60-90 Right Triangle Similarity

Theorem
Direction: Fill in the blanks with their measures using the formulas derives
from the proof of the 30-60-90 right triangle theorems.
Figure If Then

s Longer leg l = _(a)_

60o ℎ Shorter leg s = 8 Hypotenuse h =_(b)_
𝑠=
2
Shorter leg s =_(c)_
√3
l h 𝑠= 𝑙 Hypotenuse h = 12 Longer leg l = _(d)_
3
30o 𝑙 = √3𝑠 Shorter leg s = _(e)_
ℎ = 2𝑠 Longer leg l = 12√3 Hypotenuse h =_(f)_

23
 What I have learned

Directions: Below is an exit ticket. Complete the table below by writing a good
definition of the different theorems in similarities of triangles.

Theorems Definition

SSS Similarity
(a)
Theorem

AA Similarity (b)
Theorem

SAS Similarity (c)

Theorem

45-45-90 Right (d)

Triangle Theorem

30-60-90 Right (e)

Triangle Theorem

Right Triangle
Similarity Theorem (f)

24
 What I can do
Direction: Write a brief essay using the following questions in your activity
notebook.

1. How do similarity of triangles theorems useful in the community? In our

everyday life?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. In what real-life situations would it be necessary to apply similarity of

triangles theorems?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

25
 Assessment

Directions: Read the following questions and write the letter of the correct
answer in your activity notebook.

1. Which proportion is correct?

𝑂𝑆 𝑂𝑉
A. =
𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝑊
𝑆𝑉 𝑂𝑆
B. =
𝑇𝑊 𝑆𝑇
𝑆𝑇 𝑉𝑊
C. =
𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝑊
𝑉𝑊 𝑆𝑉
D. =
𝑂𝑊 𝑇𝑊

2. What similarity concept justifies that ∆ABC ~ ∆QWN ?

A. Right Triangle Proportionality Theorem
B. Triangle Proportionality Theorem
C. SSS Similarity Theorem
D. SAS Similarity Theorem

3. Which statement is INCORRECT?

A. The hypotenuse is the longest side in a right triangle.
B. The hypotenuse is always the opposite side of the 90o in a right
triangle.
C. The Pythagorean Theorem applies to all right triangles.
D. You can solve for the unknown side in any triangle, if you know the
lengths of other two sides, by using the Pythagorean Theorem.

4. Which of the following statement is false?

A. Not all isosceles triangles are similar
B. All similar triangles are congruent
C. If two triangles are congruent then they are similar
D. All right isosceles triangles are similar

5. What similarity theorems state that “Two triangles are similar if two angles
of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle”.
A. Right Triangle Similarity Theorem
B. AA Similarity Theorem
C. SSS Similarity Theorem
D. SAS Similarity Theorem

6. ∆𝐾𝐿𝑀 is right triangle at K and KH is the height relative to LM. We can

say that:

26
 A. ∆𝐾𝐿𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐾𝐿𝐻 are similar
B. ∆𝐾𝐿𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐾𝑀𝐻 are similar
C. All choices are valid
D. ∆𝐾𝐿𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐾𝑀𝐻 are similar

7. Are the triangles similar?

A. Yes, similar by SSS.
B. Yes, similar by SAS.
C. Yes, similar by AA.
D. No, not similar.

8. What is the perimeter of 30-60-90 triangle whose shorter leg is 5cm long?
A. 5√3 cm B. 15 + 5√3 cm C. 15√3 cm D. 10 +10√3
cm

9. Right isosceles triangles are ___________ similar.

A. always B. sometimes C. never D. often

10. In 45-45- 90 triangle, the hypotenuse is ______ times as long as any of

its legs.
A. √2 B. √3 C. 2 D. √2/2

Additional Activities

Direction: Prove the following by filling out the table.

1. Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐿 meet at point A; ∡𝐿 ≅ ∡𝐶
Prove: ΔPAL ~ ΔEAC
P
C

1 2
A
L E
Statement Reason
∠𝐿 ≅ ∠𝐶 (a)
(b) Vertical angles are congruent
ΔPAL ~ ΔEAC (c)
2. Given: ∆𝐼𝐶𝐸 is a right triangle with ∠𝐼𝐶𝐸 as a right angle and 𝐼𝐸 ̅̅̅ as the
̅̅̅̅
hypotenuse. 𝐶𝑆 is an altitude to the hypotenuse of ∆𝐼𝐶𝐸.

I
Prove: ∆𝐼𝐶𝐸 ~ ∆𝐶𝑆𝐸 ~ ∆𝐼𝑆𝐶

27

E
 S

Statements
∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 is a right triangle with ∠𝑰𝑪𝑬 as
right angle and ̅̅̅
𝑰𝑬 as the hypotenuse
̅̅̅̅
𝑪𝑺 is an altitude to the hypotenuse of
∆𝑰𝑪𝑬
̅̅
𝐂𝐒̅̅ ⊥ ̅̅̅
𝐈𝐄
∠𝑰𝑺𝑪 and ∠𝑪𝑺𝑬 are right angles
∠𝑰𝑺𝑪 ≅ ∠𝑪𝑺𝑬 ≅ ∠𝑰𝑪𝑬
∠𝑺𝑰𝑪 ≅ ∠𝑪𝑰𝑬 ; ∠𝑺𝑬𝑪 ≅ ∠𝑪𝑬𝑰
∆𝑰𝑺𝑪 ~ ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ; ∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ~ ∆𝑪𝑺𝑬
∆𝑰𝑪𝑬 ~ ∆𝑪𝑺𝑬 ~ ∆𝑰𝑺𝑪
Reasons
Given
(a)
Definition of altitude
Definition of (b) ___________
lines
Definition of (c) _______angles
Reflexive Property
(d) _______________ Theorem
Transitive Property

Answer Key

28
Lesson1: SIMILARITY OF TRIANGLES

Pre-Assessment
What I Know
1 c
2 d Activity 1
3 b 1. IN
4 b 2. IN
5 d 3. OUT
6 a 4. IN
7 c Activity 2
8 c e 1
9 c c 2
10 b b 3
a 4
f 5
d 6
What’s In

A. 1. A
2. I B.
3. T 1. EY
4. ̅̅̅
IA
2. 38°
̿̿̿
5. ST
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅
6.DA 3. = 𝐷𝐸
𝐷𝐹
7. ∡A
8. ∡D 4. 12
9. ∡E 5. 5

What’s More

Independent Assessment 1
1.

29
 I
If: 𝑆𝑇 𝐼𝑇
∠T ≅ ∠P; =
𝐿𝑃 𝐴𝑃

S Then: ∆ 𝑆𝐼𝑇~ ∆𝐿𝐴𝑃

T

L P

If: 𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝐴
∠P ≅ ∠K; =
𝐾𝐼 𝐾𝑁

Then: ∆ 𝑆𝐴𝑃~ ∆𝐼𝑁𝐾

LP IP
2. a. =
SP AP
b. ∠LIP ≅ ∠SAP
c. SAS Similarity Theorem

𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝟐
1.
I
If: 𝐾𝐼 𝐼𝑇 𝐾𝑇
= =
𝐵𝑂 𝑂𝑋 𝐵𝑋
K T Then: ∆ 𝐾𝐼𝑇~ ∆𝐵𝑂𝑋

B X

30
 If: 𝑂𝑃 𝑂𝑇 𝑇𝑃
= =
𝑈𝑁 𝑈𝑆 𝑆𝑁
Then: ∆ 𝑇𝑂𝑃~ ∆𝑆𝑈𝑁

2. a. ∆LAW~∆SIN
b. SSS Similarity Theorem

Independent Assessment 3
1.

J
If: ∠J ≅ ∠G; ∠O
T ≅ ∠E

O Then: ∆JOY ~ ∆GET

E

Y G

If: ∠Y ≅ ∠T; ∠A ≅ ∠E

Then: ∆LAY ~ ∆SET

2. a. ∠L ≅ ∠N
b. ∠1 ≅ ∠2
c. AA Similarity Theorem

Independent Assessment 4
𝑒 𝑔
1. a. 𝑔 = 𝑙 → 𝑔 = √𝑒𝑙
𝑒 𝑎
b. = → 𝑎 = √𝑒𝑠
𝑎 𝑠
𝑙 𝑛
c. = → 𝑛 = √𝑙𝑠
𝑛 𝑠

2.

31
 Original New New Smaller
Triangle Larger Triangle
Triangle
Hypotenuse OY OJ JY
Longer leg OJ Oe Je
Shorter leg JY Je Ye
3.
Geometric Proportion Answer
means
Altitude 𝒔 𝒔 = √𝟑(𝟔) = √𝟏𝟖 𝑠 = 3√2
Shorter leg 𝒃 𝒃 = √𝟑(𝟗) = √𝟐𝟕 𝑠 = 3√3

Longer leg 𝒂 𝒂 = √𝟔(𝟗) = √𝟓𝟒 𝑠 = 3√6

Independent Assessment 5 Independent Assessment 6

a. 4√2 a. 8√3
b. 6√2 b. 16
c. 6
d. 6√3
e. 12
f. 2

What I Have Learned

a. Two triangles are similar if the corresponding sides of two triangles are in
proportion.
b. Two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle are congruent to two
angles of another triangle.
c. Two triangles are similar if an angle of one triangle is congruent to an angle
of another triangle and the corresponding sides including those angles are
in proportion.
d. Each leg is √2/2 times the hypotenuse and the hypotenuse is √2 times each
leg
e. The shorter leg is 1/2 the hypotenuse h or √2/2 times the longer leg; the
longer leg is √3 times the shorter leg and the hypotenuse is twice the
shorter leg.
f. If the altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a right triangle, then the two
triangles formed are similar to the original triangle and to each other.

32
 What I Can Do

Answers may vary.

Assessment Additional Activities

1 a 1. a. Given
2 d
3 d b. ∠1 ≅ ∠2
4 b c. AA Similarity Theorem
5 b
6 c 2. a. Given
7 c
b. perpendicular
8 b
9 a c. right
10 a
d. AA Similarity

33
References

 Alferez, Merle S. and Duro, Ma. Cecilia A. (2012). MSA Geometry. MSA
Publishing House, Inc. Franco St., Vista Verde Executive Village, Imelda
Avenue, Cainta, Rizal, Philippines

 Andres, Sherwin R., et al. (2014). Simplified Mathematics for Grade 9.

SALINLAHI Publishing House, Inc. 9187 Pateros St. Brgy. Valenzuela,
Makati City. Philippines

 Republic of the Philippines. Department of Education. 2017.

Mathematica Learner’s Material 9. Pasig City

 Web-Cited Materials:

 https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=50479&titl
e=Similar%20Triangles

 https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/triangles/similarity-of-
triangles/

34