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9
Mathematics 11
Quarter 3, Wk. 3 – Module
Proves theorems on the different kinds of parallelogram
(Rectangle, Rhombus, Square)

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3,Wk.3 - Module : Proves theorems on the different kinds of
parallelogram (Rectangle, Rhombus, Square)
First Edition, 2020

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9
Mathematics
Quarter 3, Wk. 3 - Module
Proves theorems on the different kinds of
parallelogram (Rectangle, Rhombus,
Square)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
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This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................................ii
How to Learn from this Module................................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module....................................................................................................................................iii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Prove theorems on the different kinds of parallelogram...........................................................
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................
What’s New ....................................................................................................................
What Is It.............................................................................................................................
What’s More .....................................................................................................................
What Is It ...........................................................................................................................
What’s More .....................................................................................................................
What’s New …..................................................................................................................
What I Have Learned......................................................................................................
What I Can Do..................................................................................................................

Lesson 2:
(___________________)........................................................................................................
What’s In.............................................................................................................................
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................
What’s New.....................................................................................................................
What Is It .........................................................................................................................
What’s More ...................................................................................................................
What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………….
What I Can Do ...............................................................................................................
(or more lessons)

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers........................................................................................................................................
References.................................................................................................................................................
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
This module is about the theorems on the different kinds of parallelograms:
rectangle, rhombus, and square. In this module, you will learn to prove theorems on
rectangle, rhombus, and square.
 What I Need to Know

This lesson shall focus on theorems on the different kinds of parallelograms.

 Rectangle

 Rhombus

 Square
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

II
 What I Know

Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter of your
answer, if your answer is not among the choices, write e. After taking and checking
this short test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and
look for the right answers as you go through this module.

1. In parallelogram RSTW, diagonals RT and SW are perpendicular bisectors of

each other. Parallelogram RSTW must be a:
I. Rectangle II. Rhombus III. Square

a. I c. II and III
b. II d. I, II, and III

2. What condition will make parallelogram WXYZ a rectangle?

a. WX ≅ YZ c. ∠X is a right angle
b. WX ∥ YZ d. WX and YZ bisect each other

3. In ▢NEAT, the diagonal ET forms NET and AET. What kind of triangles
are formed?
a. isosceles triangles c. scalene triangles
b. equilateral triangles d. equiangular triangles

4. Which of the following statements are True or False?

a. The diagonals of a parallelogram are equal.
b. Every rectangle is a square
c. Every square is a rhombus
This page is intentionally blank
 Theorems on the different
Lesson kinds of parallelograms
1 (Rectangle, Rhombus, Square)

What I Need to Know

This module is designed for you to prove theorems on the different kinds of parallelograms.
Rectangle
Theorem 1. If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it has four right angles and the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
Theorem 2. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
Rhombus
Theorem 3. In a rhombus, the diagonals are perpendicular and they bisect each other.
Square
Theorem 4. The diagonals of a square bisect each other, are congruent, and
perpendicular.

What’s New

Activity 1: I Wanna Know

Directions: Do the procedures below and answer the questions that follow.
Materials Needed: bond paper, protractor, ruler, pencil, and compass

Procedure:
1. Mark two points O and P that are 10 cm apart.
2. Draw parallel segments from O and P which are 6 cm each, on the same side of OP and
are perpendicular to OP .
3. Name the endpoints from O and P as H and E, respectively, and draw HE .
4. Draw the diagonals of the figure formed.

Questions:
1. Measure ∠OHE and ∠PEH. What did you find?
2. What can you say about the four angles of the figure?
3. Measure the diagonals. What did you find?
4. Does quadrilateral HOPE appear to be a parallelogram? Why?
5. What specific parallelogram does it represent?

Activity 2: I Wanna Know More

Directions: Do the procedures below and answer the questions that follow.
Materials Needed: bond paper, protractor, pencil, and ruler

Procedure:
1. Draw a rhombus that is not necessary a square. Since a rhombus is also a parallelogram,
you may use a protractor to draw your rhombus. Name the rhombus NICE. (Note: Clarify,
how a rhombus can be drawn based on its definition, parallelogram all of whose sides are
congruent.)
2. Draw diagonals NC and IE intersecting at R.
3. Use a protractor to measure the angles given in the table below.
Angle ∠NIC ∠NIE ∠INE ∠INC ∠NRE ∠CRE
Measure

Questions:
1. Compare the measures of ∠NIC and ∠NIE. What did you observe?
2. What does IE do to ∠NIC? Why?
3. Compare the measures of ∠INE and ∠INC? What did you observe?
4. What does NC do to ∠INE? Why?
5. Compare the measures of ∠NRE and ∠CRE. What did you observe?
6. What angle pair do ∠NRE and ∠CRE form? Why?
7. How are the diagonals of NC and IE related with each other?

What Is It

Definitions:
Quadrilateral – a convex polygon with four sides
Diagonal – a segment joining two non-consecutive vertices of a polygon
Parallelogram – a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel to each other
Rectangle – a parallelogram with a right angle
Rhombus – a parallelogram with two consecutive sides congruent
Square – a rectangle with two consecutive sides congruent
– a rhombus with a right angle

Theorem 1. If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it has four right angles and the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram
with ∠A a right angle.
Prove: ∠B, ∠C, and ∠D are right angles.
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a parallelogram. 1. Given
∠A is a right angle.
2. m∠A = 90o 2. Definition of right angle
3. ∠A ≅ ∠C 3. In a parallelogram, opposite angles are
∠B ≅ ∠D congruent.
4. m∠A ≅ m∠C 4. Definition of congruent angles.
m∠B ≅ m∠D
5. m∠C = 90o 5. Transitive Property
6. m∠A + m∠C = 180o 6. In a parallelogram, any 2 consecutive
angles are supplementary.
7. 90o + m∠C = 180o 7. Substitution
8. m∠B = 90o 8. Subtraction Property
9. m∠D = 90o 9. Transitive Property
10. ∠B, ∠C, and ∠D are right angles 10. Definition of right angle
11. ABCD is a rectangle 11. Definition of rectangle

Example 1:
Why do you think the definition of a
rectangle does not state that all four
of the angles are right angles?

Theorem 2. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Given: ABCD is a rectangle with
diagonals AC and BD.
Prove: AC ≅ BD
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a rectangle. 1. Given
2. AD ≅ BC 2. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are
congruent.
3. ∠D and ∠C are right angles 3. A rectangle has four right angles.
4. ∠D ≅ ∠C 4. Any two right angles are congruent.
5. DC ≅ DC 5. Reflexive Property
6. ADC ≅ BCD 6. SAS Postulate
7. AC ≅ BD 7. CPCTC

Example 2:
Given: BEST is a rectangle.
ST = 24, BT = 7, and BS = 25
Find:
a. ES
b. BE
c. ET
d. m∠BES

Example 3:
Given: PICK is a rectangle.
a. What kind of triangle is KOC? Why?
b. What kind of triangle is PIC? Why?
c. If PO + OI = 50, what is the measure of PC?
d. Name all pairs of congruent segments in rectangle PICK.

Theorem 3. In a rhombus, the diagonals are perpendicular and they bisect each other.
Given: ABCD is a rhombus
Prove: AC ⊥ BD
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a rhombus. 1. Given
2. AB ≅ BC 2. Definition of rhombus.
3. BQ ≅ BQ 3. Reflexive Property
4. AQ ≅ CQ 4. In a parallelogram, diagonals bisect each
other.
5. ABQ ≅ CBQ 5. SSS Postulate
6. ∠BQA ≅ ∠BQC 6. CPCTC
7. ∠BQA and ∠BQC form a linear pair 7. Definition of a linear pair
8. ∠BQA and ∠BQC are supplementary 8. The Supplement Postulate
angles
9. ∠BQA and ∠BQC are right angles 9. If two angles are both congruent and
supplementary, then each is a right angle.
10. AC ⊥ BD 10. Definition of a right angle.

Example 4:
Given: CORE is a rhombus
a. Is CL = RL? Is EL = OL?
b. Which triangles in CORE are congruent?
Why are they congruent?

Example 5:
Given: HINT is a rhombus
What are the characteristics of HINT?

Example 6:
Given: ABCD is a rhombus.
Find the measures of the numbered angles in the figure.

Theorem 4. The diagonals of a square bisect each other, are congruent, and
perpendicular.

Given: ABCD is a square

Prove: AC = BD and AC ⊥ BD

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a square. 1. Given
2. AD = BC 2. Definition of square
3. ∠BAD = ∠ABC 3. Definition of square
4. AB = BA 4. Reflexive Property
5. ΔADB ≅ ΔBCA 5. SAS Postulate
6. AC = BD 6. CPCTC
7. OB = OD 7. The diagonals of a square bisect each
other.
8. AB = AD 8. Definition of square
9. AO = AO 9. Reflexive Property
10. ΔAOB ≅ ΔAOD 10. SSS Postulate
11. ∠AOB = ∠AOD 11. CPCTC
12. ∠AOB + ∠AOD = 180o 12. These two angles form linear pair and
Linear pair angles are supplementary
13. 2∠AOB = 180o 13. Addition Property
14. ∠AOB = 90o 14. Division Property
15. AO ⊥ BD ⇒ AC ⊥ BD 15. Definition of perpendicular

What’s More

Exercise 1
Given: WINS is a parallelogram with
∠W a right angle
Prove: ∠I, ∠N, and ∠S are right angles
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. m∠W = 90O 2.
3. 3. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are
congruent.
4. m∠W = m∠N 4.
m∠I = m∠S
5. m∠N = 90O 5.
6. m∠W + m∠I = 180O 6.
7. 90O + m∠I = 180O 7.
8. 8. Reflexive Property
9. m∠I = 90O 9.
10. 10. Substitution (SN 4 and 9)
11. ∠I, ∠N, and ∠S are right angles 11.
12. 12. Definition of rectangle

Exercise 2
Given: WINS is a rectangle with diagonals
WN and SI.
Prove: WN ≅ SI
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. WS ≅ IN 2.
3. ∠WSN and ∠INS are right angles 3.
4. 4.
5. SN ≅ NS 5.
6. 6. SAS Postulate
7. WN ≅ SI 7.

Exercise 3
Given: ROSE is a rhombus
Prove: RS ⊥ OE
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. OS ≅ RO 2.
3. 3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other.
4. H is the midpoint of RS. 4.
5. 5. Definition of midpoint.
6. OH ≅ OH 6.
7. 7. SSS Postulate
8. ∠RHO ≅ ∠SHO 8.
9. ∠RHO and ∠SHO are right angles 9.
10. 10. Perpendicular lines meet to form right
angles.

Exercise 4
Given: VWXY is a rhombus
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
∠3 ≅ ∠4
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. ∠YV ≅ ∠VW ; ∠WX ≅ ∠XY 2.
3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. ΔYVW ≅ ΔWXY 4.
5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 ; ∠3 ≅ ∠4 5.

Exercise 5
Given:  ABCD is parallelogram in which
AC = BD and AC ⊥ BD
Prove: ABCD is a square

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a parallelogram 1.
2. AC = BD and AC ⊥ BD 2.
3. AO = AO 3.
4. ∠AOB = ∠AOD 4.
5. OB = OD 5.
6. ΔAOB ≅ ΔAOD 6.
7. AB = AD 7.
8. AB = CD and AD = BC 8.
9. AB = BC = CD = AD 9.
10. AB = AB 10.
11. AD = BC 11.
12. AC = BD 12.
13. ΔABD ≅ Δ BAC 13.
14. ∠DAB = ∠CBA 14.
15. ∠DAB + ∠CBA = 180o 15.
16. 2∠DAB = 180o 16.
17. ∠DAB = ∠CBA = 90o 17.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Especially For You

Directions: Do the procedures below and answer the questions that follow.
Materials Needed: bond paper, pencil, ruler, protractor, and compass

Procedure:
1. Draw square GOLD. (Note: Clarify how will students draw a square based on its definition:
parallelogram with four congruent sides and 4 right angles.)
2. Draw diagonals GL and OD that meet at C.
3. Use a ruler to measure the segments indicated in the table.
4. Use a protractor to measure the angles indicated in the table.
What to ∠GCO and ∠GDO and ∠GOD and
∠GDL GL and DO
measure ∠OCL ∠ODL ∠LOD
Measuremen
t

Questions:
1. What is the measure of ∠GDL?
* If ∠GDL is a right angle, can you consider square a rectangle?
* If yes, what theorem on rectangle justifies square a rectangle?
2. What can you say about the lengths of GL and DO?
* If GL and DO have the same measures, can you consider square a rectangle?
* If yes, what theorem on rectangle justifies square a rectangle?
3. What can you say about the measures of ∠GCO and ∠OCL?
* If GL and DO meet to form right angles, can you consider square a rhombus?
* If yes, what theorem on rhombus justifies square a rhombus?
4. What can you say about the measures of ∠GDO and ∠ODL as a pair and ∠GOD and
∠LOD as another pair?
* If GL divides opposite angles equally, can you consider square a rhombus?
* If yes, what theorem on rhombus justifies square a rhombus?

Activity 4: Indicate with a check () mark in the table below the property that
corresponds to the given quadrilateral.
QUADRILATERALS
Property
Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square
1. All sides are congruent.
2. Opposite sides are parallel.
3. Opposite sides are congruent.
4. Opposite angles are congruent.
5. Opposite angles are
supplementary.
6. Diagonals are congruent.
7. Diagonals bisect each other.
8. Diagonals bisect opposite angles.
9. Diagonals are perpendicular to
each other.
10. A diagonal divides a
quadrilateral into two congruent
triangles.
 What I Can Do

Application of the properties of parallelograms to real-life situations.

One of the things that capture the hearts of Pinoys is sports like basketball and baseball.
And here are two word problems where the knowledge on the properties of parallelograms
(rectangle, rhombus, square) could be applied.

1. The perimeter of a standard basketball court is 288 ft. Find the dimensions of the
basketball court if its length is 44 feet longer than its width.

2. A baseball diamond is shaped like a square. Each side is 90 feet long. How far is the
second base from home plate?

Summary

To summarize the different characteristics of the parallelograms, we have:

In a rectangle:
1. Opposite sides are congruent
2. Opposite sides are parallel
3. Each diagonal separates the rectangle into two congruent triangles.
4. Opposite angles are congruent.
5. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
6. All angles are right angles.
7. Diagonals bisect each other and are congruent.

In a rhombus:
1. All the sides are congruent.
2. Opposite sides are parallel.
3. Each diagonal separates the rhombus into two congruent triangles.
4. Opposite angles are congruent.
5. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
6. Diagonals bisect each other and are perpendicular.
7. Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles.

In a square:
1. All sides are congruent.
2. All angles are right angles.
3. Each diagonal separates the square into two congruent triangles.
4. Opposite angles are congruent and supplementary.
5. Consecutive angles are supplementary and are congruent.
6. Diagonals bisect each other, are perpendicular, and congruent.
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Quiz

A. Answer the following statements with always true, sometimes true, or never true.
1. A square is a rectangle.
2. A rhombus is a square.
3. A parallelogram is a square.
4. A rectangle is a rhombus.
5. A parallelogram is a square.
6. A parallelogram is a rectangle.
7. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
8. A square is a rectangle and a rhombus.
9. An equilateral quadrilateral is a rhombus.
10. An equiangular quadrilateral is a rectangle.

B. Name all the parallelogram/s that possess/es the given.

1. All sides are congruent.
2. Diagonals bisect each other.
3. Consecutive angles are congruent.
4. Opposite angles are supplementary.
5. The diagonals are perpendicular and congruent.

Key to Answers

What I Know
1. c 2. c 3. a 4. a. False b. False c. True

Activity 1: I Wanna Know

1. ∠OHE and ∠PEH measure 90°
2. The four angles of the figure are right angles.
3. The diagonals have the same length.
4. Quadrilateral HOPE appear to be a parallelogram because opposite angles are
congruent and consecutive angles are supplementary.
5. The specific parallelogram it represents is a rectangle.

Activity 2: I Wanna Know More

1
1. m∠NIC = m∠NIE
2
2. IE bisects ∠NIC
 1
3. m∠INE = m∠INC
2
4. NC bisects ∠INE
5. m∠NRE = m∠CRE
6. ∠NRE and ∠CRE form a linear pair
7. NC ⊥ IE

Example 1
Using the properties of a parallelogram, if ∠A is a right angle, then ∠B is also a right
angle because ∠A and ∠B are supplementary angles. The same reasoning will prove
that ∠C and ∠D are also right angles.

Example 2
a. ES = 7 b. BE = 24 c. ET = 25 d. m∠BES = 90o

Example 3
a. KOC is an isosceles triangle because OK ≅ OC.
b. PIC is a right triangle because ∠I is a right angle.
c. PC = 50
d. PI and KC, PK and IC, PO and CO, IO and KO

Example 4
a. CL = RL because diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
EL = OL because diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other
b. CLO ≅ OLR ≅ RLE ≅ ELC (The triangles can be proven congruent by the SSS
Postulate, SAS Postulate, ASA Postulate, H-L Theorem, LL Theorem, LA Theorem.)

Example 5
HINT is a parallelogram with all the properties of a parallelogram.
Also, HN ⊥ IT and HN bisects ∠INT and ∠THL.
IT bisects ∠HIN and ∠NTH.

Example 6
m∠4 = 90o (Diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular)
m∠2 = 50o (The PAIC theorem or two parallel lines being cut by a transversal line, then
alternate interior angles are congruent to each other.)
m∠3 = 50o (Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects two angles.)
m∠1 = 40o (The acute angles of a triangle are complementary.)

Exercise 1
Statements
1. WINS is a parallelogram with ∠W a right angle. 3. ∠W ≅ ∠N ; ∠I ≅ ∠S
8. 90 = 90 10. m∠S = 90o 12. WINS is a rectangle
Reasons
2. Definition of right angle. 4. Definition of congruent angles. 5. Substitution (SN 2 & 4)
6. Consecutive angles are supplementary. 7. Substitution (SN 2 & 6)
9. Subtraction Property (SN 7 & 8) 11. If the measure of an angle is 90o, then it is right
angle.

Exercise 2
Statements: 1. WINS is a rectangle with diagonals WN and SI 4. ∠WSN ≅ ∠INS
6. WSN ≅ INS

Reasons: 2. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent. 3. Theorem 1

5. Reflexive Property 7. CPCTC
Exercise 3
Statements: 1. ROSE is a rhombus 3. RS and EO bisect each other
5. RH ≅ HS 7. RHO ≅ SHO 10. RS ⊥ OE

Reasons: 2. Definition of rhombus 4. EO bisects RS at H 6. Reflexive Property

8. CPCTC 9. ∠RHO and ∠SHO form a linear pair and are congruent.

Exercise 4
Statements: 1. VWXY is a rhombus 3. WY ≅ YW

Reasons: 2. Definition of rhombus 4. SSS Postulate 5. CPCTC

Exercise 5
1. Given 2. Given 3. Reflexive Property 4. Definition of square
5. Definition of midpoint 6. SAS Postulate 7. CPCTC
8. Properties of parallelogram 9. Properties of parallelogram 10. Reflexive Property
11. Properties of parallelogram 12. Given 13. SSS Postulate 14. CPCTC
15. Interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
16. Addition Property 17. Division Property

Activity 3: Especially For You

1. ∠GDL = 90o. Square GOLD is a rectangle because of Theorem 1.
2. GL = DO. Square GOLD is a rectangle because of Theorem 2.
3. ∠GCO and ∠OCL are both 90o. Square is a rhombus because of Theorem 3.
4. The m∠GDO = ∠ODL and the m∠GOD = ∠LOD. Square GOLD is a rhombus
because of Theorem 4. (To further prove Theorem 4, consider OD as another
diagonal and find out if OD bisects opposite angles also.)

Activity 4
1. Rhombus, Square 2. All 3. All 4. All 5. Rectangle, Square
6. Rectangle, Square 7. All 8. Rhombus, Square 9. Rhombus, Square 10. All

What can I do
1. p=2w+2L 2. Using the Pythagorean Theorem
2x+2(x+44)=288 902 + 902 = x2
2x+2x+88=288 8100 + 8100 = x2
4x=200 16200 = x2
x=50
127.3 rounded to the nearest tenth
L = 94 ft W = 44 ft

Quiz
A
1. Always True 2. Sometimes True 3. Sometimes True 4. Never True
5. Always True 6. Sometimes True 7. Sometimes True 8. Always True
9. Always True 10. Always True
B
1. Rhombus, Square 2. All 3. Rectangle, Square
4. Rectangle, Square 5. Square
References

Oronce, O. & Mendoza, M. (2007). E-Math III for High School. Rex Printing Company, Inc..
Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City

Reyes, A. (2010). Math Power III. The Library Publishing House, Inc..Quezon Ave., Quezon
City

DepEd Materials: Mathematics Learner’s Material 9

Web Sources
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/rhombuses-rectangles-and-squares.html

https://www.math-only-math.com/worksheet-on-parallelogram.html

https://www.ask-math.com/square-and-its-theorems.html

https://www.algebra.com/algebra/homework/word/geometry/Geometry_Word_Problems.faq.
question.205945.html

https://www.algebra.com/algebra/homework/word/geometry/Geometry_Word_Problems.faq.
question.465287.html
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