Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 1:
VARIATIONS:
Direct and Inverse Variations
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about VARIATIONS: Direct and Inverse Variations. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
ii
What I Know (Pre-Test)
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose your answer in the
given choices. Write your solutions in some of the items using a separate sheet of
paper. NOTE: If there is no possible answer, solve it on your own and show your
solution.
_____1.) The cost (c) varies directly as the number (n) of candies is written as:
𝑘 𝑘
A.) 𝑛 = 𝑘𝑐 B.) 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑛 C.) 𝑛 = D.) 𝑐 =
𝑛 𝑛
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
_____6.) What kind of variation equation is 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = if the distance is held
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
constant?
A.) Direct Variation C. Inverse Variation
B.) Combined Variation D. Joint Variation
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
_____7.) What kind of variation equation is 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = if speed is held
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
constant?
A.) Direct Variation C. Inverse Variation
B.) Combined Variation D. Joint Variation
B.) D.)
x 10 20 30 40 x 2 3 4 5
y 12 60 40 30 y 5 10 5 2
3 2
1
_____9.) What is the graph of a direct variation?
A.) Line B.) Parabola C. Hyperbola D. Ellipse
_____12.) If 4 men can do a job in 10 days, how many men can do the same job in 5
days?
A.) 1 B.) 5 C.) 7 D.) 8
_____13.) Jenny’s salary varies directly as the number of hours that she works. If her
salary for 8 hours is ₱400.00, how much will she earn if she works four times
longer?
A.) ₱100.00 B.) ₱400.00 C.) ₱1, 600.00 D.) ₱4000.00
For item numbers 14 – 15, refer to the situation inside the box.
The number of days a sack of rice lasts varies inversely as the number of
people who consume it. The sack of rice lasts ten days for 6 people.
2
Lesson Direct Variation
1
What’s In
Do you believe in the saying that “The only thing that is constant in this world
is change”?
Nothing in this world is permanent; one changes because of one variable that
changes.
Around us, some quantities are constant, and the others are variables. For
example, the number of hours in a day is constant, that is 24 hours, but the number
of hours of daylight in a day is not because it varies from time to time.
This relationship with regards to the change in the value of the variable when
the values of the related variables change is called Variation.
4 Types of Variation:
a.) Direct variation
b.) Inverse Variation
c.) Joint Variation
d.) Combined variation
In this module, you will explore the types of relationships between variables.
3
What’s New
❖ Just Explore!
Related Quantities
Which of the following quantities are related to each other?
Clipart 1: Online Pictures via Microsoft 365 Clipart 2: Online Pictures via Microsoft 365
All the situations above, except for “Socio-economic status and the number of
friends” are related quantities because their friends will not depend on his/her socio-
economic status.
What Is It
4
Solution:
1
Time (hr) 2 1 2 3 4
Distance (km) 5 10 20 30 40
÷2 𝑥2
10 20 30
= =
1 1 2 3
Time (hr) 2 1 2 3 4 The ratio of
Distance 5 10 20 30 40 distance over
(km)
time is 10
÷2 𝑥2
The relationship between the time and distance in the example above can be
presented by the equation 𝑑 = 10𝑡. The equation is called direct variation. We can
say that distance varies directly as time. Since the distance traveled depends on the
length of the bicycle traveling at a constant speed, the distance traveled is called the
dependent variable. The length of time the bicycle travels is called the independent
variable.
DIRECT VARIATION
There is a direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of
numbers in which their ratio is constant.
5
Graph 𝑑 = 10𝑡.
Notice that the graph
starts at the origin and
rises from left to right.
The graph of
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, 𝑘 > 0, always
goes through the origin
and moves upward to
the right, and the
constant of variation is
the slope of the given
line.
Example 2: The table below shows that the service fee (f) of a physical therapist is
directly proportional to the number of hours (n) of service rendered. Find:
A. the constant of variation, and
B. the equation which describes the relation.
Time (hr.) 1 2 3 4 5
Service Fee (km) 800 1600 2400 3600 4000
Solution:
Since the service fee (f) of a physical therapist is directly proportional to the
number of hours (n) of service rendered, then
𝑓 = 𝑘𝑛
Using one of the pairs of values, (3, 2400), from the table, substitute the
values of f and n in 𝑓 = 𝑘𝑛.
𝑓 = 𝑘𝑛
2400 = 𝑘(3)
2400 = 3𝑘
𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝒌
=
𝟑 𝟑
𝑘 = 800
You can see that the constant of variation can be solved if one pair of values
of x and y is known.
6
Example 3: The graph at the right shows a direct linear variation between the
number of kilograms of Bangus to its cost.
Amount
540
Solution: 450
Look at the graph on the right to 360
get the answers in the questions 270
above. 180
a.) 1 kilogram of Bangus is 90
0
₱180.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
b.) Mrs. Rama will pay Kilograms
₱900.00 for the 5
kilograms of Bangus
c.) Mang Eric will buy 3 kilograms of Bangus with his money.
In the given examples, you can see that Direct Variation is a situation that if
one quantity increases the other quantity increases. And if one quantity decreases,
the other quantity also decreases.
Try It!
Determine whether the relationship between the quantities involved in the
situations below is a direct variation.
1.) The number of workers in building a house and the amount of work
finished on the day
2.) The quality of the cellphone and the price of the phone
3.) The number of family members and the length of time to consume 1 sack
of rice
2.) Direct variation, because if you want to have a cellphone with good
quality, you should expect a high price. So, if the quality of the phone gets
higher, the price also gets increased.
3.) Not a direct variation, because as the number of the family increases, the
length of time that one sack of consumption will decrease.
7
Translate Me!
Translate the direct variations below into its mathematical statement
using the variable indicated in the statement.
1.) The cost (C) of carrots is proportional to its weight (w) in kilograms.
2.) The area (A) of a square varies directly as the square of its side (s).
3.) The fare (F) of a passenger is directly proportional to the distance (d) of his
destination.
4.) The distance (D) travelled by a motorcycle varies directly as its speed (s).
5.) An employer’s salary (S) is directly proportional to the number of days (d)
he has worked.
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
28 = 𝑘(7) Substitute the values
28 = 7𝑘 Multiplying
28 7𝑘
= Solve for k.
7 7
4=𝑘
8
Example 2: The weight of an object on Mars varies as its weight on Earth. An
object that weighs 115kg on Earth weighs 44kg on Mars. How much
would a person weigh 75kg on Earth weights on Mars?
Solution:
Step 1. Write the equation of variation
First, find the constant of variation.
Let e = weight of an object on Earth
m = weight of an object on Mars
m = ke
m = ke
44 = 𝑘(115) Substitute the values
44
𝑘= Solve for k.
115
What’s More
1.) The perimeter (P) of a square is directly proportional to the length of its sides
(s).
2.) The circumference (c) of a circle is proportional as the diameter (d).
3.) y is proportional to the square root of u.
4.) The cost of electricity (C) varies directly as the number of kilowatt-hour
consumption (h).
5.) The weight (W) of an object is directly proportional to its mass (m).
9
Activity 1.2: NOW, IT’S YOUR TURN!
INSTRUCTIONS: Determine if the tables and graphs below express a direct variation
between the variables. If they do, find the constant of variation and the equation that
defines it. If not, write not a direct variation.
50
1.) 4.)
40
x -3 -4 -5 -6
30
y 6 8 10 12
20
2.) 10
x 1 2 3 4 0
y 12 6 4 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3.)
x 2 4 8 12 5.)
y 10 20 40 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2.) The amount of water that has leaked from the faucet varies directly with time. In
2 hours, 1 gallon of a water leak. How many gallons of water leaks in 100 hours?
3.) A tutor teacher charges ₱200.00 per hour of tutorial service to a Grade 9 Junior
High School student. If he spends 2 hours in his tutorial service per day, how
much would he receive in 15 days?
10
What I Need To Remember
Lesson
Inverse Variation
2
What’s In
❖ Flashback!
Determine whether the two quantities in the situation are directly related.
Write Direct variation or Not Direct.
Situation Direct or
Not Direct?
1. The age of a used car to its resale value
2. The number of days to finish painting a house to the
number of men working
3. The time a teacher spends checking the answer sheets to
the number of students
4. The area of the wall to the amount of paint used to cover it
5. The number of people sharing a pizza to the number of
slices of the pizza
11
Answer and explanation of the situation inside the table.
1.) Not Direct, because the age of the car increases, the price the owner can
get in selling it decreases.
2.) Not Direct, because the number of people doing the job increases, the
time needed to finish the job decreases.
3.) Direct, because the number of answer sheets to be checked increases,
the teacher's time in checking increases.
4.) Direct, because as the area of the wall increases, the amount of paint
will also increase.
5.) Not Direct, because as the number of people sharing the pizza increases,
the size of the slice each will get decreases.
What’s New
❖ Who’s Got More Share?
What is It
Take a look at the situation being presented in Who’s Got More Share, if the
pizza is divided into 8 slices, let’s look at the table below on the number of slices that
a person will get based on the number of people that will be dividing the whole pizza,
given that they will divide the slices equally among themselves.
This situation shows that an increase in the number of people sharing the
whole pizza results in a decrease in the number of slices each group member will
12
receive. At the same time, the decrease in the number of people sharing the whole
pizza produces an increase in the number of slices that each member will get.
𝑛𝑠 = 8 ( 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)
INVERSE VARIATION
The statement:
“y varies inversely as x”
𝒌
can be translated mathematically as y = , where the number k is called the
𝒙
constant of variation.
Try It!
Determine whether the relationship between the quantities involved in the
situations below is an inverse variation.
1.) The height of a person and its weight
2.) The number of person and the number of days in consuming food
3.) The speed of the person in typing a certain manuscript to the time spent
in typing
13
people decreases, the number of days in consuming food increases.
3.) Inverse variation, because as the person's speed increases, the time
spent in typing decreases, and if the speed decreases, the time spend
increases.
Translate Me!
Translate the direct variations below into its mathematical statement
using the variable indicated in the statement.
1.) E is inversely proportional to z.
2.) The gravitational for (F) between two bodies varies inversely as the
square of the distance (d) between them.
3.) D varies inversely as the square root of s.
Solution:
Step 1. Write the equation of variation
𝑘
𝑁=
𝑀
Step 2. Construct a table of values.
M 3 10
N 6 ?
14
Step 4. Solve for the desired value.
Replace the obtained value of k in the equation in STEP 1.
Solve for N, when k = 18 and M = 10
𝑘
𝑁=
𝑀
18
𝑁=
10
9
𝑁=
5
𝟗
Hence, 𝑵 = when M = 10.
𝟓
Example 2: The number of hours required to do a job varies inversely as the number
of people working together. If it takes 6 hours for 10 people to paint a
house, how long would it take 12 people to paint the same house?
Solution:
Step 1. Write the equation of variation
First, find the constant of variation.
Let t = number of hours or time
p = number of people
𝑘
𝑡=
𝑝
Step 2. Construct a table of values.
p 10 12
t 6 ?
𝑘
𝑡=
𝑝
𝑘
10 = Substitute the values
6
𝑘 = (10)(6)
𝑘 = 60 Solve for k.
15
What’s More
What I Can Do
INSTRUCTIONS: What new learnings do you have about the real-life applications of
Direct and Inverse Variation? How would you relate this to your daily life? How would
you use this in making decisions? Write your answer on a piece of paper.
16
Assessment (Post Test)
DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose your answer in the
given choices. Write your solutions in some of the items using a separate sheet of
paper. NOTE: If there is no possible answer, solve it on your own and show your
solution.
_____4.) m varies inversely as n such that when m = 12, n = 9. Find m when n = 27.
A.) 18 B.) 9 C.) 4 D. 3
_____6.) The cost (c) per person of hiring a taxi varies inversely as the number of
persons (N) sharing the cost. What equation relates the situation?
𝑘 𝑘
A.) 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑁 B.) 𝑁 = 𝑘𝑐 C.) 𝑐 = D.) 𝑁 =
𝑁 𝑐
B.) D.)
x 3 6 12 24
y 4 8 16 32 x 2 3 4 5
y 10 5 5 2
2
17
_____9.) What is the graph of a direct variation?
A.) C.)
B.) D.)
_____12.) The length of time a bag of cat food lasts varies inversely as the number of
cats. If a bag of cat food will feed 5 cats in 10 days, how long will it feed 10
cats?
A.) 5 B.) 10 C.) 20 D. 30
For item numbers 13 – 15, refer to the situation inside the box.
Three college students decided to rent an apartment near the school where
they are studying. They found the nearest and cheapest apartment that costs
₱6000. 00 a month, which they found too much for their monthly budget. How many
students will they need to share with so that each will pay only for ₱1200. 00 a
month?
Let n = be the number of students
s = share of rent per student
_____14.) How much is the constant amount of the variation of the given problwm
inside the box?
A.) ₱6 000. 00 B.) ₱3000. 00 C.) ₱2000. 00 D.) ₱1000. 00
_____15.) How many students are needed to share with so that each will pay only
for ₱1200. 00 a month?
A.) 3 B.) 4 C.) 5 D.) 6
18
Activity 1.4: Translate Me!
𝑘
1.) 𝑏 =
ℎ Activity 1.1: Translate Me!
𝑘
2.) 𝐹 = 3 1.) 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑠
√𝑆
𝑘 2.) 𝐶 = 𝑘𝑑
3.) 𝑛 =
𝑠 3.) 𝑦 = 𝑘√𝑢
𝑘
4.) 𝑙 = 4.) 𝐶 = 𝑘ℎ
𝑤
𝑘 5.) 𝑤 = 𝑘𝑚
5.) 𝑚 =
𝑔
What I can Do
Text Text Text text
Text Text
required.
𝑘
𝑥= 𝑤 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑦 1
117 𝑤 = ( ) (100)
2
𝑥=
3 𝑤 = 50 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠
from left to right.
𝑥 = 39
Activity 1.2: Now, It’s Your Turn!
1.) Not Direct Variation
2.) Not Direct Variation, because as the values of
3.) Direct Variation
4.) Direct Variation, because the graph increases
5.) Not Direct Variation
3.) ₱6,000.00
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
19
References
Clipart
Clipart 1. Accessed November 2, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Clipart 2. Accessed November 2, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Clipart 3. Accessed November 2, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Clipart 4. Accessed November 2, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Clipart 5. Accessed November 2, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Clipart 6. Accessed November 20, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Clipart 7. Accessed November 20, 2020. Online Pictures via Microsoft 365.
Books
Merde L. Bryant, et. Al, Mathematics 9 Leaner’s Material 9 (Meralco Avenue, Pasig
City: Vibal Group, Inc.), 190 – 212.
Nivera, Gladys C. and Lapinid, Minie Rose C. 2013. Grade 9 Mathematics: Pattern
and Practicalities (Chino Roces Avenues, Makati City: Salesiana Books by Don
Bosco Press.), 113 – 138, 160 – 162.
Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
20