NOT

9
Mathematics
Quarter 2, Wk. 2 - Module 2
Inverse Variations

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 Wk.2 Module 2: Inverse Variations
First Edition, 2020

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 9
Mathematics
Quarter 2, Wk.2 - Module 2
Inverse Variations

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This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ..................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................ ii
Icons of this Module ................................................................................ iii

What I Know ............................................................................................ iii

Lesson: Inverse Variation

What’s In .................................................................................................. 1
What’s New ........................................................................................... . 2
What Is It ................................................................................................ .5
What’s More ............................................................................................ 6
What I Have Learned ………………………………. ………………..11
What I Can Do ...................................................................................... ..12

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers ..................................................................................... 16
References ............................................................................................. 17
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

In our regular life, we are usually confronted with situations that address
relationships of numerous quantities. Some of the examples are the
relationships among the wide variety of hours to complete a job and the number
of persons working; it will take a shorter period of time for the ice to melt on a
hot day that it will on the cold day; and the time taken by a car that travels
uniformly at various speeds. In this module you’ll discover the relation among
quantities.

After going through this module, you are expected to explore and
demonstrate understanding of key concepts on variations and to use these
concepts to solve real-life problems. Furthermore, you will learn how a change
in one quantity could correspond to a predictable change in the other.

This module is about inverse variation

 What I Need to Know

In these lessons, you will learn the following:

• Illustrate situations that involve inverse variation.

• Translate into variation statement a relationship involving inverse

variation between two quantities given by a table of values, a

mathematical equation, and a graph, and vice versa.

• Solve problems involving inverse variations

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

- Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

- Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and
exercises diligently.
- Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need
to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Before you start studying this module, take the following test first to find out
how well you know the topics to be discussed. Give what is asked for in each
of the following items that you think best answers the question on a separate
sheet. During the checking, take note of the items that you were not able to
answer correctly and look for the right answers as you go through this module.
Please answer all the items.

1. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?

d 20 40 60 80 x 2 3 4 5 C.
A.

t 1 2 3 4 10 5
y 5 3 2 2

s -4 8 -12 24 D.
x 1 2 3 4 B.
t 6 -3 -2 -1
y 5 10 15 20

2. If y varies inversely as x and y = 4 when x = 9, find y when x = 12.

A. 3 B. 4 C. 36 D. 48

3. What mathematical statement describes the graph below?

A. lw = 36
l
B. = 36
w
l
C. =w
36
w
D. =l
36
 2
4. If c varies inversely as d and c = when d = 4, find c when d = -2.
3
1 1 4 4
A. − B. C. D. −
3 3 3 3

5. If 5 women can do a portion of a job in 8 days, how many women

can do the same job in 4 days?
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
1
6. If a varies inversely as b, and a = when b = 12, find a when b = -
3
8.
1 1 2
A. − 2 B. − C. D.
2 3 3

7. If (r – 5) varies inversely as (s + 2) and r = 7 when s = 3, find r when

s = -2.
21 4
A. -1 B. -6 C. D. −
5 5

k
8. The equation y = represents ____________
xn

A. Direct Variation C. Joint Variation

B. Inverse Variation D. Combined

k
9. The equation y = is equivalent to __________ where k is a
x
constant variation.
x
A. xy = k B. x = ky C. y = xk D. k =
y
10. If c varies inversely as d, and c = 30 when d = 9, find d when c =
540.
1 2
A. 2 B. 1800 C. D.
2 3

Well, how was it? Do you think you do well? Find out your
answers with those in the Answer Key on page ______

If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you
already know much about the topics in this module. You may still
study the module to review what you already know. Who knows, you
might learn a few more new things as well.

Don’t feel bad if you got a low score. This means that this
module is for you. It will help you understand some important
concepts that you can apply in your daily life. If you study this module
carefully, you will learn the answers to all the items in the test and a
lot more! Are you ready?

You may now begin the lesson.

This page is intentionally blank
Lesson
Inverse Variation
What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn the following:

o Illustrate situations that involve inverse variation.

o Translate into variation statement a relationship
involving inverse variation between two quantities given
by a table of values, a mathematical equation, and a
graph, and vice versa.
o Solve problems involving inverse variations.

Let’s Review

Consider this car travelling at a constant speed of 30 km/h. In 1

hour, it goes 30 km. In 2 hours it goes 60 km. In 3 hours it goes 90 km.,
and so on. The data is shown in the table below.

http://hdwallpaperzs.blogspot.com/2016/07/car-cartoon-pictures.html

Distance d (km) 30 60 90 …120

Time taken t (h) 1 2 3 …4

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 The graph of the relation as shown above, indicates that d
increases as t increases. So, the distance covered varies directly as
the time. The equation for relation is d = 30 t. Such relation is called a
direct variation.

For instance, you are driving home, if you decrease your speed,
the time you get home increases. However, if you increase your speed,
the time you get home decreases. How will you describe this relation?
Relations like this will be discussed in this lesson.

Activity 1: Melting Ice Cube

Do you often dump ice cubes into your drinks during
hot summer days? Have you ever watched these ice
cubes and been curioused enough to questioned how long it
melts?

https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/piece-of-ice-cube-melting-vector-6745478

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Questions:

a) What have you noticed to the ice when exposed outdoor?

b) What have you notice to the ice when exposed indoor?
c) How do the temperature of the surrounding relate to the size of the
block of ice?
d) Does the change in one quantity affect the other quantity?

From our answer to the activity, we can say that as

temperature increases, the amount of time it takes for the ice to melt
decreases, that is, it will take a shorter period of time for the ice to
melt when exposed outdoor than exposed indoor.

Activity 2: Renovate A House

Michael wants to have an extension of his house. He clearly

knows that the number of days to finish the work depends on number
of workers. Some possible number of days and number of workers are
as follows:

Let n be the number of workers

Let d be the number of days

Number of workers(n) 2 4 6 8 16
Number of days (d) 24 12 8 6 3

Let us answer the questions below:

1. How do the number of workers (n) and number of days (d)

affect each other?

2. Plot the points (n,d) in the plane below. What have you
observed with the points plotted?

3
3. What do you observe about the product of n and d?

4. What is the constant value?

5. Complete the equation that describes the relationship between

number of workers (n) and number of days (d).
d = _______________

From the activity, we have following answer:

• an the number of workers increases the numbers of days of

work decreases
• the graph of the relation is a hyperbola. It never passes
through the origin. Also, it never crosses the x or y axis.

4
 • The product of n and d is equal to 48 which is constant as shown
in the table below, hence, k=48.

Number of workers(n) 2 4 6 8 16
Number of days (d) 24 12 8 6 3
n(d) 2(24) 4(12) 6(8) 6(8) 16(3)
48 48 48 48 48
•
•
•

• The mathematical sentence or equation describing the relation is

48
n= .
d
This time, you will learn more about another type of variation
which is called inverse variation.

Inverse Variation occurs when one quantity is equal to a constant

times the inverse of the other quantity. This can be express into mathematical

5
 k
statement or equation as y = and xy = k where k is the constant of
x
variation or constant of proportionality and x is a nonzero real numbers.
These statements can be:

“ y varies inversely as x” and

“ y is inversely proportional to x” .
These statements mean that for two quantities, x and y, an increase in
x causes a decrease in y. Similarly, a decrease in x causes an increase in y.
Also, y varies inversely as the nth power of x if there exist a nonzero real
k
numbers k such that y = .
xn

Let us take a look at the subsequent statements translated into

equations where k represents the constant of variation or constant of
proportionality.

1. “x is inversely proportional to y”

Is translated as x = ky where k = xy

2. “The force (f) needed to break a board varies inversely with

the length (l) of the board.”

is translated as f = kl where k = fd

3. “The time (t) required to empty a tank varies inversely as the

rate (r) of pumping”.

is translated as t = kr where k = rt

Study the following examples below:

Example 1

If y varies inversely as x and y = 3 when x = 2 . find the constant of

variation and the equation

Solution:

a. To find the constant of variation:

6
 k Translate statement “ y
y= varies inversely as x ”
x
into equation
k Replace y with 3 and x
3= with 2
2
k Multiply both sides by 2
(2)3 = (2)
2
(Multiplication Property
of Equality (MPE))
6 The constant of variation
or k is equal to 6

b. To find the equation

k Translate statement “ y
y= varies inversely as x” into
x
equation
The value of k from
k =6 solution (a)
6 Substitute 6 to k in the
y= equation
x
6
y=
x
The equation of the
or variation
xy = 6

Example 2

1
Suppose a varies inversely with b . When b = 4, a = . Find a when
2
b = 18.

Solution 1:

a. To find the constant of variation:

k Translate statement “ a
a= varies inversely with b ”
b
into equation
1 k 1
= Replace a with and b
2 4 2
with 4
1 k Multiply both sides by 4
( 4) = ( 4)
2 4
k =2 The constant of variation
or k is equal to 2

7
b. To find a when b = 18

k Translate statement “ a
a= varies inversely with b ”
b
into equation
The value of k from
k =2 solution (a)
2 Replace b with 18
a=
18
1 Reduce to lowest term.
a=
9

Solution 2

A proportion can also be used in relation to indirect variation

in solving problems where some quantities are known. The following
proportions are two of several proportions that can be formed.

x1 y1 = k and x2 y2 = k

x1 y1 = x2 y2
x1 x2
= Divide each side by y1 y2
y 2 y1

Because a and b are inversely proportional.

a1b1 = a2b2

1
Let a1 = , b1 = 4 and b2 = 18.
2

1 Replace a1 with 1 , b1 with 4,

(4) = a218 2
2
and b2 = 18.

Simplify
2 = a218
2 Divide both sides by 18
a2 =
18
1 Reduce to lowest term.
a2 =
9

8
Example 3

The graph shows the time (t) in hours taken by a car that travels
uniformly from Iligan to Butuan at various speeds (v) in kph. Find the
constant of variation and the equation which describes the relation.

Solution:

a. To find the constant of variation:

k Translate statement “ t
t= varies inversely as v ”
v
into equation
k Replace t with 4 and v
4= with 30
30
k Multiply both sides by 30
(30)4 = (30)
30
(Multiplication Property
of Equality (MPE))
k = 120 The constant of variation
or k is equal to 6

b. To find the equation

k Translate statement “ t
t= varies inversely as v” into
v
equation
The value of k from
k = 120 solution (a)
120 Substitute 120 to k in the
t= equation
v
120
t=
v The equation of the
or variation
tv = 120

9
Example 4

The numbers of hours, t, required to finish a certain job varies

inversely as the number of persons, N, on the job. If 16 persons
require 18 hours to finish the job, how long would it take 64 persons to
finish the job?

Solution 1

k Translate statement “t
t= varies inversely as N”
N
into equation
k Replace t with 18 and N
18 = with 16
16
k Multiply both sides by 16
(16)18 = (16)
16
(Multiplication Property of
Equality (MPE))
k = 288 The constant of variation
or k is equal to 288
Write the variation
288 k
t= equation t = with the
N N
value of k substituted

t (64) = 288 Substitute N=64 to solve

t = 4.5. for t

Therefore, the time to be taken by 64 workers to complete the

job is 4.5 hours or 4 hours and 30 minutes.

Solution 2

Because t and N are inverse proportion,

Using proportion,

Because t and N are inversely proportional.

t1 N1 = t2 N2

Let t1 = 18, N1 = 16 and N2 = 64.

18(16) = t2 (64) Replace t1 with 18, N1 with

16, and N 2 with 64.

Simplify
288 = t 2 64
Divide both sides by 64
t 2 = 4.5

10
Answer the following:

a. Express each of the following statements as a

mathematical equation.

1. Atmospheric pressure (P) varies inversely as the altitude (h)

2. The number of persons n needed to do a job varies inversely as the
number of days d to finish the job.
3. The time (t) required to travel a given fixed distance is inversely
proportion to the speed (r)
4. The length l of a rectangular field varies inversely as its width w.
5. The cost c per person of renting a private resort varies inversely as
the number n of persons sharing the rent.

b. Find the constant of variation and the equation of the

following relations presented below.

1.
x 1 2 3 4
y 2 1 2 1
3 2
2.
m 2 4 6 8

n 36 18 12 9

3.
a 7 5 3 1
b 5 1 5 5
4. 7 3

11
 5.

c. Solve for the

indicated variable in each of the following:
1. If y varies inversely as x and y = 48 when x = 10, find y
when
x = 32.
2. If r varies inversely as the cube of s, and r = 17 when s = 3, find r
when s = 2.

d. Solve the following

1. Two college students decided to rent an apartment near the school
where they are studying. The nearest and cheapest apartment
costs Php 5,000 a month, which they find too much for their
monthly budget. How many students will they need to share the
rent with so that each will pay only Php 1,250 a month?

2. At 60 kilometers per hour it takes Loida 10 hours to travel from her

house to their house in the province. How long will it take her if
she travels at 80 kilometers an hour?

In this section, you will be given tasks to showcase your skills

and knowledge learned from this lesson. You will be graded according
to the rubric below.

Performance Task

Direction:

Cite a real life situation that describes the concept of inverse

variation. Create your own word problem and answer it. Present your
answer with table of values, graph and equation. You will be graded
according to the rubric below.

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 Rubric

Category 10 9 8 7
Word The word The word The word The word
Problem problem is problem is problem is problem is not
written in clear written in clear written in clear written in
language. It is language It is language. It is clear
appropriate for appropriate for not appropriate language. It is
the lesson. the lesson with for the lesson. not
minor flaws. appropriate
for the lesson.
Solution Solution is Solution is Solution is Solution is
correct and all correct; incorrect; incorrect and
representations however some however the student didn’t
are shown. representations student showed show any
are not shown. some of the representation.
representations.
Content Student Student Student Student does
evidently understands understands a not understand
understands some of the little of the the
the mathematical mathematical mathematical
mathematical concepts. concepts. concepts.
concepts. -

Summary

Inverse Variation occurs when one quantity is equal to a

constant times the inverse of the other quantity. This can be express
k
into mathematical statement or equation as y = and xy = k where k
x
is the constant of variation or constant of proportionality and x is a
nonzero real numbers. These statements can be:

“ y varies inversely as x” and

“ y is inversely proportional to x” .
A concept of proportion can also be used in solving inverse
variation problems where some quantities are known. Since x1 y1 = k
and x2 y2 = k , then y1 y 2 . By dividing each side by y1 y2
x1 x2
, we have y = y
2 1 .

13
 Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.

1. If a and b are dependent and independent variables respectively,

which equations shows inverse variation?
b
A. ab = k C. =k
a
a
B. =k D. none of the above
b
2. If m is inversely proportional to n, the equation must be written as
__________.
m
A. k = C. n = km
n
k
B. m = D. none of the above
n
3. If bh = k, then ____________
b1 b2 b
A. = C. =k
h2 h1 a
B. b1h2 = b2h1 D. none of the above

4. The proportion x1 y1 = x2 y2 illustrates ___________ variation.

A. Direct C. None of the above
B. Inverse D. All of the above

5. If t varies inversely as squared of l , then we can write the equation

as
_____________.

t
A. =k C. l 2 = kt
l2
B. tl 2 = k D. None of the above

6. If a varies inversely as b, and a=12 when b = 4, find a when

b = -16.
A. 48 C. 24
B. -8 D. -3

7. If the air pressure (P) is inversely proportional to the altitude (h),

the equation must be written as __________.

h
A. k = C. P = kh
P
P
B. =k D. k = Ph
h

14
8. Which of the following that illustrates inverse variation.

A. x 2 3 4 5 6
y 60 40 30 24 20
.

B. x 2 4 6 8 10
y 5 10 15 20 25

C. x 1 2 3 4 5
y 30 5 45 10 60

D. x 20 30 40 50 60
y 10 5 20 10 30

9. Which of the following that illustrates inverse variation.

A. B.

C. D.

10. If s is inversely proportional to t , and s =7 when t = 9, find the

value of s when t = 27.
27 21
A. C.
5 5
9 63
B. D.
5 5
15
Pre-test

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. C

What I Have Learned

A.

k
1. P = or k = Ph
H
k
2. n = or k = IR
d
k
3. n = or k = nd
s
k
4. l = or k = lw
w
k
5. c = or k = cd
d
B.

k
1. k = 2; x =
y
k
2. k = 72; m =
y
k
3. k = 5; a =
b
k
4. k = 12; l =
w
k
5. k = 4; y =
x

16
C.

1. y = 15
2. r = 60
D.
1. s = 4
2. 7.5

What I Can Do

Performance Task

Answers may vary

Post-test

1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. D
10. D

References

Online Resources

Solving Inverse Variation Problems - Practice Problems. (2020).

Retrieved 19 May 2020, from
https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/inverse/
inverse_practice.html

Colwell, C. (2020). Inverse Variation. Retrieved 19 May 2020, from

http://www.algebralab.org/lessons/lesson.aspx?file=Algebra_conics_in
verse.xml

Colwell, C. (2020). Inverse Variation. Retrieved 19 May 2020, from

http://www.algebralab.org/lessons/lesson.aspx?file=Algebra_conics_in
verse.xml

Inverse Variation (examples, solutions, videos, worksheets, activities).

(2020). Retrieved 19 May 2020, from
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/inverse-variation-algebra.html

Inverse variation word problem: string vibration (video) | Khan

Academy. (2020). Retrieved 19 May 2020, from

17
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-home/alg-rational-expr-
eq-func/alg-direct-and-inverse-variation/v/inverse-variation-application

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-elementary-and-intermediate-college-
algebra/section/5.10/

Books

Oronce, O., & Mendoza, M. E-Math Worktext in Mathematics,

Sampaloc Manila, Rex Book Store, Inc. 2015

Melosantos, L., et al. Math Connections in the Digital Age, Quezon City.
Sibs Publishing House, Inc. 2015

Soledad, Jose-Dilao, Ed.D.,Bernabe , Julieta. Intermediate Algebra

Textbook for Second Year, Quezon City .JTW Corporation. 2002

Bryant, M., Bulalayao, L., Callanta, M., Cruz, J., De Vera, R., Garcia,
G., Javier, S., Lazaro, R., Mesterio, B.& Saladin, R.,Mathematics
Learner’s Material 9, Pasig City, DepEd-IMCS. 2014

Ho, Ju Se T., et al. 21st Century Mathematics Third year. Quezon

City. Phoenix Publishing House. 1996

Orines, Fernando B., Diaz, Zenaida E., Mojica, Maharlika B. Next

Century Mathematics (Second Year High School) Intermediate
Algebra. Quezon ave., Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House.2003

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources

(DepEd-BLR)

DepEdDivision of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper BalulangCagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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