9

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2b:
The Sum and the Product
of Roots of a Quadratic
Equation
Mathematics – Grade 9
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2b: The Sum and the Product of Roots of a Quadratic Equation
First Edition, 2020

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 9

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2b:
The Sum and the Product of
Roots of Quadratic Equations
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on the sum and
the product of roots of a quadratic equation.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

It focuses on the fundamental concepts of quadratic equations and its application.

The presentation and examples herein stated are tailored-fit and meticulously
selected to ensure learners understanding. Learners should be able to identify the
significant characteristics of each concept. An array of solving strategies are then
manifested to guide students’ learning.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self Learning-Module (SLM) on the sum and the
product of roots of a quadratic equation.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of quadratic
equation. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module has one lesson:

 Lesson 1 – The Sum and the Product of Roots of a Quadratic Equation

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of

quadratic equation.

What I Know

Directions: In this part, you will find out how much you already know about
the lesson in this module. Read the items carefully and choose the letter of
your answer. Use a separate answer sheet.

1. Determine the values of a, b, c of the quadratic equation 2x2 – 3x = 20.

A. a=2, b=3, c=20 C. a=2, b=-3, c=-20
B. a=2, b=-3, c=20 D. a=-2, b=-3, c=-20

2. Which of the following shows the relationship between the coefficients and
the sum of the roots of quadratic equation?
A. B. C. D.

3. Which of the following shows the relationship between the coefficient and
the product of the roots of quadratic equation?
A. B. C. D.

4. Given the quadratic equation 4x2 – 4x + 10 = 0, which mathematical

expression shows the sum of the roots?
A. B. C. D.

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5. Evaluate:
A. B. C. 4 D. -4

6. What is the sum of the roots of 4x2 – 8x + 21 = 0?

A. B. C. -2 D. 2

7. Find the product of the roots of (x – 8)(x + 4) = 0.

A. -2 B. 2 C. -32 D. 32

8. Which is true about the product of the roots of a quadratic equation when
a=1?
A. The product cannot be determined.
B. The product is the negative of the constant.
C. The product is equal to the constant.
D. They have no relationship.

9. If the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation are and , what
is the value of the coefficient of a?
A. -2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 12

10. Determine the quadratic equation if the sum and product of its roots are -6
and -27 respectively.
A. x2 – 6x – 27 = 0 C. x2 + 6x + 27 = 0
B. x2 + 6x – 27 = 0 D. x2 – 6x + 27 = 0

11. Find the quadratic equation if the roots are -9 and 7.

A. x2 – 16x + 63 = 0 C. x2 + 2x – 63 = 0
B. x + 16x – 63 = 0
2 D. x2 – 2x + 63 = 0

12. The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is 21. What could be the
equation if one of its roots is -7?
A. x2 – 10x – 21 = 0 C. x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
B. x2 + 10x + 21 = 0 D. x2 + 10x – 21 = 0

13. A rectangular board has an area of 165 ft2 and a perimeter of 52 ft. What is
the equation that describe the area in terms of its width?
A. w2 – 26w – 165 = 0 C. w2 + 26w + 165 = 0
B. w2 + 26w – 165 = 0 D. w2 – 26w + 165 = 0

14. The sum and the product of two consecutive numbers are 31 and 240
respectively. What is the smaller number?
A. 11 B. 13 C. 15 D. 17

15. The area of a rectangular garden is 50 ft2. What is the length of the
garden if its perimeter is 30 ft?
A. 5 ft B. 10 ft C. -5 ft D. -10ft

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Lesson The Sum and the Product of
1 Roots of Quadratic
Equations
This module is about describing the relationship between the coefficients and the
roots of quadratic equation. As you go over the activities, discussion and exercises,
you will know more about how coefficients and roots are related and how you can
determine the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation by using these
relationships. You will also learn to how to write the quadratic equation given the
roots or the sum and the product of roots.

What’s In

Activity 1: Remember me this way

A. Perform the indicated operation and then answer the questions

that follow.

1. 7 + 13 = _________ 6. ( ) ( )= __________

2. ( )+ 9= _________ 7. (-7)(-3)= __________

3. (-10)+( )= _______ 8. (2) (-12)=__________

4. ( ) ( )= ________ 9. ( ) ( )

5. ( ) ( )= ________ 10. ( ) ( )= ________

Question:

a. How did you determine the result of each operation?

b. What mathematical concepts and principle did you apply to arrive
at each result?

B. Determine the values of a, b and c of the following quadratic

equations and answer the questions that follow.

1. x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____

2. x2 – 9 = 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____
3. x(x – 4)= 4 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____
4. (x + 5) ( x – 9)= 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____
5. (2x – 3)2 = 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____

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 Questions:

a. Are all given quadratic equations in standard form?

b. If no, what did you do to write the equations into its standard
form?
c. Is it important to write the quadratic equations into its
standard form? Why or why not?

What’s New

Activity 2: a, b, c sum times

Consider the following quadratic equations below and answer the questions.

1. 3x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 3. 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0
2. 2x2 – 3x + 20=0 4. x2 = -2x + 7

Guide Questions: (Write your answers on a separate sheet.)

1. Are the equations written in standard form?

2. What are the values of a, b, and c in each equation?
3. Determine the roots of each quadratic equation using the quadratic formula.
4. Writing the standard form of the equation is one way of organizing data. Why
is it important to organize not just in math related activities but also in real
life?

What is It

Organizing can help us in looking at the bigger picture and analyzing. Let’s take
two more quadratic equations and use a table to organize information.

1. 6x2 – 5x + 1 = 0
2. 12x2 – 5x – 2 = 0

Using a table will help us to clearly see the relationship between coefficients and
roots.

Coefficients Roots Sum Product

a b c x1 x2
6x2– 5x + 1 = 0 6 -5 1

12x2 – 5x – 2=0 12 -5 -2

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What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of each quadratic
equation in relation to the values of a, b, and c?

Let’s dig deeper. Were you able to relate the sum and product of the roots to its
coefficients? If you did, congratulations! You’ve done well.
Let’s take a closer look.

Coefficients Roots Sum Product

a b c x1 x2
6x2 – 5x + 1 = 6 -5 1
0

In the example above, the numerator 5 of the sum of roots is the negative of the
value of b (negative of -5 is 5) and the denominator 6 is equal to the value of a.

For the product of the roots, the numerator 1 is equal to the value of c and the
denominator 6 is equal to the value of a.

Coefficients Roots Sum Product

a b c x1 x2
12x2 – 5x – 2=0 12 -5 -2

In the second example, the numerator 5 of the sum of roots is the negative of
the value of b (negative of -5 is 5) and the denominator 12 is equal to the value
of a.

For the product of the roots, the numerator -2 is equal to the value of c and the
denominator 12 is equal to the value of a.

We can conclude that:

𝑏
The sum of roots of quadratic equation is .
𝑎
𝑐
The product of the roots of quadratic equation is .
𝑎

Will we be able to determine the sum and product of roots of quadratic equation
from only the values a, b, and c?
LET’S TRY.

Find the sum and product of the roots of 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0.

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 Solution:

First, we need to determine the values of the coefficients.

a= 2 b= 8 c= -10

Sum:-

= By substitution.

= -4 Simplify: .

Product:

= By substitution.

= -5 Simplify: .

Do you know that you can write quadratic equation given the roots? Yes, you.
And yes you can. Check out the examples below.
Write a quadratic equation given the roots 5 & -2.

(x – 5)(x + 2) = 0 Write the roots into factor form. Be careful here and look
closely how the root 5 is written as (x – 5) and the root -2
is written (x + 2).
x2 + 2x – 5x – 10 = 0 Multiply the factors or use FOIL method.
x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 Simplify.

The quadratic equation of the roots 5 & -2 is x2 – 3x – 10 = 0

We can also determine the quadratic equation given the sum and product of the
roots.

Let’s start with the standard form of quadratic equation.

ax2 + bx + c = 0; a ≠ 0
Create a leading coefficient of 1 by multiplying 1/a to the whole equation

𝑎
ax2 + bx + c) = 𝑎
•0
𝒃 𝒄
x2 + 𝒙+
=0
𝒂 𝒂
Remember the sum and product of roots?
𝒃 𝒄
sum: while product:
𝒂 𝒂
What have you observed?
𝒃 𝒃
The second term 𝒙 is the negative of the sum of roots while the constant term
𝒂 𝒂
𝒄
is equal to the product of the roots, given that x2 has a numerical coefficient 1.
𝒂

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Example: Given the sum and product of the roots, write the quadratic equation.

a. sum = 8, product = 12
b. sum = 4/7 , product – 3/49

Solution:
a. sum= 8, product = 12

8 and 12 can be written as and respectively.

x2 + + =0
x2 + ( )x + ( ) = 0 Since the second term is the negative of the sum of roots
then we’ll have as the second term and is the last
term or constant term.
x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 Simplify

The quadratic equation with sum=8 and product= 12 is x2– 8x + 12 = 0.

b. sum = 4/7 , product – 3/49

x2 + + =0

x2 + ( )x + ( )=0 Since the second term is the negative of the

sum of roots then we’ll have as the
second term and is the last term or
constant term.

(49)* ( ) ( )+ Since we are to write it in standard form, we

need to multiply both sides by the LCD.
49x2 – 28x – 3 = 0

The quadratic equation for the sum of roots 4/7 and product of roots -
3/49 is 49x2 – 28x – 3 = 0.

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 What’s More

Activity 3: My Sum and my Product.

Directions: Determine the sum and the product of the roots of each
quadratic equation. Write your answers on a separate sheet.
1. x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

2. 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

3. x2 – 16 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

4. 4x2 – 81 =0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

5. x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

6. 12 + x – 6x2 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

7. -14 + 9x – x2 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

8. x2 + 4x + 9 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

9. (2x + 3) (3x – 1) = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

10. x + 15 = 6x2 sum: _____________ product: ______________

TRY THESE OUT!

Write the quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 with the following given:

1. sum= 2; product = -8 ____________________________________

2. roots are -½ & ½ ____________________________________

3. sum= 4/3; product= -5/4 ____________________________________

4. roots are 7 & -2 ____________________________________

5. The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is 51. If one of its roots is

-17, what could be the equation?

____________________________________.

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 What I Have Learned

1. The sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation is related to the
values of its _____________________.
2. The sum of the roots of a quadratic can be determined by the formula
_____________________.
3. The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is____________________.
4. The quadratic equation can be determine using the ___________ or the
___________ and _____________ of the roots

What I Can Do

Your goal in this section is to apply your learning to real life situations. Read
the situation carefully and answer the questions that follow. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

A rectangular garden has an area of 132 m2 and a perimeter of 46m.

A = 132 m2 w

l
1. Write the expression representing the length in terms of its width.
(P = 2l + 2w)
2. What equation would describe the area of the garden? Write the equation in
terms of the width of the garden.(A = lw)
3. What can you say about the equation formulated in item 2?
4. Find the roots of the equation formulated in item 2.
5. What is the sum of the roots? How is this related to perimeter?
6. What is the product of the roots? How is this related to the area?
7. If you are to decide what to plant, what will you plant in the garden? In what
way can having a garden help you and the environment?
8. How can gardening help in the problem of the growing population?

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 Assessment

Summative Test
Directions: Read the items carefully. Choose the letter of your answer and
write it on a separate answer sheet.

1. Which of the following shows the relationship between the coefficients and
the sum of the roots of quadratic equation?
A. B. C. D.

2. In the quadratic equation 6x2 + 7x – 2 = 0, which mathematical expression

shows the sum of the roots?
A. B. C. D.

3. Evaluate:
A. B. C. 7 D. -7

4. What is the product of the roots of 4x2 – 8x – 21 = 0?

A. B. C. -2 D. 2

5. Find the product of the roots of x (x + 4) = 0.

A. -4 B. 0 C. 4 D. 12

6. If the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation are and , what
is the value of the coefficient of b?
A. -2 B. 4 C. -5 D. 3

7. Determine the equation if the sum and product of its roots are 6 and 7
respectively.
A. x2 – 6x – 7 = 0 C. x2 + 6x + 7 = 0
B. x2 + 6x – 7 = 0 D. x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
8. Find the quadratic equation if the roots are -2 and -3.
A. x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 C. x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
B. x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 D. x2 – 5x – 6 = 0

9. The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is 21. What could be the
equation if one of its roots is -7?
A. x2 – 10x – 21 = 0 C. x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
B. x2 + 10x + 21 = 0 D. x2 + 10x – 21 = 0

10. A rectangular board has an area of 165 ft2 and a perimeter of 52 ft. What is
the equation that describe the area in terms of its width?
A. w2 – 26w – 165 = 0 C. w2 + 26w + 165 = 0
B. w + 26w – 165 = 0
2 D. w2 – 26w + 165 = 0

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 For # 11 – 15. Problem:Anna wants to make a wooden rectangular frame
with an area of 280 in2 and a perimeter of 34 in. What should be the
dimension of the frame?

11. What expression represents the length when written in terms of its width?
A. l = 17 – w C. 2l = 34 – w
B. 34= 2l – 2w D. l = -w – 17

12. What equation represents the area of the frame in terms of its width?
A. w2 + 17w – 280 = 0 C. w2 – 17w + 280 = 0
B. w + 34w – 280 = 0
2 D. w2 + 34w – 280 = 0

13. What is the relationship of the sum of roots of the equation in #12 to the
given perimeter?
A. The sum of roots and the perimeter are equal.
B. The sum of roots is twice the perimeter.
C. The sum of roots is half the perimeter.
D. The sum of roots is the negative of one half the perimeter.

14. What is the relationship of the product of the roots of the equation in #12
to the given area?
A. The sum of roots and the area are equal.
B. The sum of roots is twice the area.
C. The sum of roots is half the area.
D. The sum of roots is the negative of one half the area.

15. What should be the dimension of the frame?

A. 14 in by 20 in C. 10 in by 24 in
B. 15 in by 19 in D. 9 in by 25 in

Additional Activities

Investigate:
Complete the table.

Coefficients Sum Product

a b c
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
x2 – 3x – 20=0
Questions:

1. What can you say about the value of a of each quadratic equation?
2. What have you observed between the value of b and the sum of roots?
3. Relate the value of c and the product of roots?
4. Make a generalization:
___________________________________________________________________________

You can also expand the investigation like what if a = 2 or when c=0.

15
References

Deped Learner’s Material for Mathematics Grade 9 Module 1 Lesson 3: The Nature
of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation

17
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph