TOPIC 3: BONDING AND STRUCTURE

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
1 A(1) (1)

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
2(a) A (1) (1)
2(b) D (1) (1)

(Total for Question 2 = 2 marks)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
3 1 mark for each correct line. (4)

Substance Formula Structure Solubility

ammonia NH3 simple covalent soluble
C macromolecular
graphite insoluble
(giant covalent)
potassium KCl
giant ionic soluble
chloride
calcium Ca giant metallic soluble

(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)

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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
number
4 Electrostatic forces of attraction (1) between: Accept: sea of electrons/mobile electrons (3)
● positive (magnesium) ions (1)
● and delocalised electrons (1)

(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
5(a) Dative covalent bond/coordinate bond (1) (3)
Lone pair of electrons on N in ammonia (1)
Shared with vacant orbital on H+ ion (1)
5(b) Tetrahedral (1) (2)
109.5° (1)

(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
6(a) CHCl3 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl (1) Ignore state symbols. (1)
6(b) Both molecules contain polar bonds but the bond polarities cancel in (1)
tetrachloromethane. (1)
6(c) Answer describes one of these methods for a maximum of three If the answer involves solubility, check (3)
marks: that the observations match the choice of
Testing solubility in a polar solvent, e.g. solvent used.
● add to a polar solvent (1)
● if the polar solvent is named correctly (1)
● correct observation, e.g. miscible/dissolves/no separate layers (1)

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Testing solubility in a non-polar solvent, e.g.
● add to a non-polar solvent (1)
● if the non-polar solvent is named correctly (1)
● correct observation – e.g. immiscible/does not dissolve / two
separate layers (1)

Testing a stream of liquid with a charged rod, e.g.

● charge a rod or balloon (1)
● pass a stream of each liquid past the charged object (1)
● correct observation – e.g. deflected if polar/not deflected if non-
polar (1)

(Total for Question 6 = 5 marks)

TOTAL FOR ASSESSMENT = 20 MARKS

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