Resolver el siguiente sistema de ecuación diferencial:

y ' + y +2 z ' +3 z=e−t

{ 3 y ' − y +4 z' + z=0
; y ( 0 ) =0 ; z ( 0 ) =1

L { y ' } + L { y } +2 L { z ' } +3 L { z }=L { e−t }

{ 3 L { y ' }−L { y }+ 4 L { z ' }+ L { z }=L { 0 }

{
s L { y }− y ( 0 ) + L { y } +2 s L { z }−2 z ( 0 ) +3 L { z } =
s+1
3 s L { y }− y ( 0 ) −L { y }+ 4 s L { z }−4 z ( 0 )+ L { z }=0

{
( s +1 ) L { y } + ( 2 s+3 ) L { z }=
s+ 1
( 3 s−1 ) L { y } + ( 4 s +1 ) L { z }=4
+2

L { y }=
| s+1
4
+2 2 s+ 3
4 s+1
4 s+1
= 2
s +1
|
+8 s +2−8 s−12
=
4 s +1
s+ 1
2
−10

s +1 2 s+ 3 4 s +5 s+1−( 6 s 2 +7 s−3 ) −2 s −2 s+ 4
|
3 s−1 4 s+1 |
−6 s−9 −3 ( s+ 3 )
s+1 s +1 3 s+ 3
L { y }= = = ∙
−2 ( s + s−2 ) −2 ( s+ 2 )( s−1 ) 2 ( s +1 )( s+2 )( s−1 )
2

3 s+3
y= L−1
2 {
( s+1 ) ( s +2 ) ( s−1 ) }
s+3 A B C
= + +
( s+ 1 )( s+2 ) ( s−1 ) s +1 s+2 s−1
s+3=A ( s+ 2 )( s−1 ) +B ( s+1 ) ( s−1 ) +C ( s+1 ) ( s+2 )
s=−1→ 2=−2 A → A=−1
1
s=−2→ 1=3 B→ B=
3
2
s=1→ 4=6 C → C=
3

3 1 1 1 2 1
y=
2 [ { }
−L−1 + L−1
s +1 3
+ L−1
s +2 3 s−1 { } { }]
 3 1 2
y=
2 [
−e−t + e−2 t + et
3 3 ]
3 1
y=et − e−t + e−2 t
2 2

L { z }=
| s +1
3 s−1
s +1
4
+2
| =
4 s +4− ( 3ss−1
+1
+ 6 s−2 ) 6−2 s+ 1−3 s
=
s +1
s+1 2 s+3 −2 ( s +2 ) ( s−1 ) −2 ( s+2 ) ( s−1 )
|3 s−1 4 s+ 1 |
−2 s2−5 s+1 −2 s 2+ s+ 7
6+
s +1 s+1 1 2 s 2−s−7
L−1 { z }= = = ∙
−2 ( s+2 ) ( s−1 ) −2 ( s+2 ) ( s−1 ) 2 ( s+1 ) ( s +2 ) ( s−1 )

1 2 s2 −s−7
z= L {
2 ( s +1 )( s+2 )( s−1 ) }
2 s2−s−7 A B C
= + +
( s+ 1 )( s+2 ) ( s−1 ) s +1 s+2 s−1

2 s 2−s−7= A ( s+2 ) ( s−1 ) + B ( s +1 )( s−1 ) +C ( s +1 ) ( s+ 2 )

s=−1→−4=−2 A → A=2
s=−2→ 3=3 B → B=1
s=1→−6=6 C → C=−1

1 1 1 1
z=
2 [ { } { } { }]
2 L−1
s +1
+ L−1
s +2
−L−1
s−1

1
z= [ 2 e−t +e−2 t −e t ]
2
1 1
z=e−t + e−2t − e t
2 2

3 1
∴ Rpta .
{
y=e t − e−t + e−2 t
2
1
2
1
z=e−t + e−2 t − e t
2 2