12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

Solution

4 3 2
Laplace Inverse Transform of
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47 :    2e−t 6e2t e2tt 3cos √ t
 
− + + 3 − 4 sin √ 3 t
 √ 3
( ) ( )
( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s2 + 3 )

Steps
L {
−1 −s4 − 14s3 + 21s2 + 9s + 47
 
( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s2 + 3 )
}
4 3 2
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47 Hide Steps
Take the partial fraction of
  :       2 −   6 +   1 2 +  3s2 − 4
s+1 s−2
( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s2 + 3 ) (s − 2) s +3

4 3 2
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47
 
( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s2 + 3 )

2 2 ( ) Hide Steps
Create the partial fraction template using the denominator ( s − 2 ) ​( s + 1 ) s + 3

a0
For s + 1 add the partial fraction ( s ) :  
s+1

2 a1 a2
For ( s − 2 ) add the partial fraction ( s ) :   + 
s−2 (s − 2 )2

2 a 4s + a 3
For s + 3 add the partial fraction ( s ) :  
2
s +3

4 3 2 a0 a1 a2 a 4s + a 3
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47
= + + +
   s + 1  s − 2   2   2
(s − 2 ) ( s + 1) (s + 3 )
2 2 ( s − 2) s +3

4 3 2 a0 a1 a2 a 4s + a 3
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47
  =  +  +  + 
2 ( 2 ) s+1 s−2 ( ) 2 2
s +3
(s − 2 ) ( s + 1) s + 3 s−2

Multiply equation by the denominator

( −s4 − 14s3 + 21s2 + 9s + 47 ) ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3) a 0 ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3 ) a 1 ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3 ) a 2 ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3

  =  +  + 
s+1 s−2
( s − 2 ) 2 ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3 ) (s − 2)2

Simplify

−s4 − 14s3 + 21s2 + 9s + 47 = a0 ( s − 2 ) 2 ( s2 + 3 ) + a1 ( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) ( s2 + 3 ) + a2 ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3 ) + ( a4s + a3 ) ( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) 2

Solve the unknown parameters by plugging the real roots of the denominator: − 1, 2

For the denominator root − 1:    a0 = 2 Hide Steps

Plug in s = −1 into the equation

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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

4 3 2
− ( −1 ) − 14 ( −1 ) + 21 ( −1 ) + 9 ( −1 ) + 47 = a0 ( ( −1 ) − 2 )
2 ( ( −1 ) 2 + 3 ) + a1 ( ( −1 ) + 1 ) ( ( −1 ) − 2 ) ( ( −1 ) 2 + 3 ) + a2 (

Expand

72 = 36a0

Solve 72 = 36a0 for a0:    a0 = 2 Show Steps

a0 = 2

For the denominator root 2:    a2 = 1 Hide Steps

Plug in s = 2 into the equation

4 3 2
−2 − 14 · 2 + 21 · 2 + 9 · 2 + 47 = a0 ( 2 − 2 )
2 ( 22 + 3 ) + a1 ( 2 + 1 ) ( 2 − 2 ) ( 22 + 3 ) + a2 ( 2 + 1 ) ( 22 + 3 ) + ( a4 · 2 + a3 ) (

Expand

21 = 21a2

Solve 21 = 21a2 for a2:    a2 = 1 Hide Steps

21 = 21a2

Switch sides

21a2 = 21

Divide both sides by 21

21a2
= 21
  21  21

Simplify

a2 = 1

a2 = 1

a0 = 2, a2 = 1

Plug in the solutions to the known parameters

4 3 2
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47 = 2 ( s − 2 )
2 ( s2 + 3 ) + a 1 ( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) ( s2 + 3 ) + 1 · ( s + 1 ) ( s2 + 3 ) + ( a 4 s + a 3 ) ( s + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) 2

Expand

4 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
−s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47 = a1s + a4s + 2s + a3s − a1s − 3a4s − 7s + a1s + 15s − 3a3s + 4a4s − 3a1s − 21s + 4a3 + 27

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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

Group elements according to powers of s

4 3 2 4 3 2
−1 · s − 14s + 21s + 9s + 47 = s ( a1 + a4 + 2 ) + s ( a3 − a1 − 3a4 − 7 ) + s ( a1 + 15 − 3a3 ) + s ( 4a4 − 3a1 − 21 ) + ( 4a3 + 27 −

Equate the coefficients of similar terms on both sides to create a list of equations

[ 4a3 + 27 − 6a1 = 47
4a4 − 3a1 − 21 = 9
a1 + 15 − 3a3 = 21
a3 − a1 − 3a4 − 7 = −14
a1 + a4 + 2 = −1
]
Solve system of equations:    a1 = −6, a4 = 3, a3 = −4 Hide Steps

[ 4a3 + 27 − 6a1 = 47
4a4 − 3a1 − 21 = 9
a1 + 15 − 3a3 = 21
a3 − a1 − 3a4 − 7 = −14
a1 + a4 + 2 = −1
]
3a1 + 10 Hide Steps
Isolate a3 for 4a3 + 27 − 6a1 = 47:    a3 =
  2

4a3 + 27 − 6a1 = 47

Move 6a1 to the right side Show Steps

4a3 + 27 = 47 + 6a1

Move 27 to the right side Show Steps

4a3 = 6a1 + 20

Divide both sides by 4

4a3 6a1
= + 20
 4  4  4

Simplify Hide Steps

4a3 6a1 20
  4 =   4 +  4

4a3 Show Steps

Simplify   :    a3
4

6a1 3a1 + 10 Show Steps

Simplify + 20 :    
 4  4   2

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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

3a1 + 10
a3 =  
2

3a1 + 10
a3 =  
2

3a1 + 10
Substitute a3 =  
2

[ 4a4 − 3a1 − 21 = 9

a1 + 15 − 3 ·
a1 + a4 + 2 = −1
3a1 + 10
  2
3a1 + 10
  2

− a1 − 3a4 − 7 = −14
= 21

]
Simplify Hide Steps

3a1 + 10 −7a1 − 30 Hide Steps

a1 + 15 − 3 ·   = 21    :       + 15 = 21
2 2

3a1 + 10
a1 + 15 − 3 ·   = 21
2

3a1 + 10 −7a1 − 30 Hide Steps

Simplify a1 + 15 − 3 · :     + 15
  2   2

3a1 + 10
a1 + 15 − 3 ·
  2

3a1 + 10 3 ( 3a1 + 10 ) Hide Steps

Multiply 3 ·   :      
2 2

3a1 + 10
3·
  2

Multiply fractions:     a · b = a · b
 c   c

= 
( 3a1 + 10 ) · 3
2

3 ( 3a1 + 10 )
= a1 + 15 −
  2

3 ( 3a1 + 10 ) −7a1 − 30 Hide Steps

Combine the fractions −   + a1:      
2 2

3 ( 3a1 + 10 )
−  + a1
2

a 12
Convert element to fraction:     a1 =  
2

= −
( 3a1 + 10 ) · 3 + a1 · 2
  2   2

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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

Since the denominators are equal, combine the fractions:      a ±  b =  a ± b

c c c

− ( 3a1 + 10 ) · 3 + a1 · 2
=
  2

( )
Expand − 3a1 + 10 · 3 + a1 · 2:     − 7a1 − 30 Show Steps

−7a1 − 30
= 
2

−7a1 − 30
=  + 15
2

−7a1 − 30
  + 15 = 21
2

3a1 + 10 a1 + 10 Hide Steps

− a1 − 3a4 − 7 = −14    :     − 3a4 + − 7 = −14
  2   2

3a1 + 10
− a1 − 3a4 − 7 = −14
  2

3a1 + 10 a1 + 10 Hide Steps

Simplify   − a1 − 3a4 − 7:     − 3a4 +   ​− 7
2 2

3a1 + 10
  2 − a1 − 3a4 − 7

3a1 + 10 a1 + 10 Show Steps

Combine the fractions   − a1:      
2 2

a1 + 10
= −3a4 +   −7
2

a1 + 10
−3a4 + − 7 = −14
  2

[ 4a4 − 3a1 − 21 = 9
−7a1 − 30
 

−3a4 +  
2
+ 15 = 21
a1 + a4 + 2 = −1
a1 + 10
2
− 7 = −14
]
−7a1 − 30 Show Steps
Isolate a1 for   + 15 = 21:    a1 = −6
2

Substitute a1 = −6

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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

[ 4a4 − 3 ( −6 ) − 21 = 9
−6 + a4 + 2 = −1
−3a4 +  
−6 + 10
2
− 7 = −14
]
Simplify Show Steps

[ 4a4 − 3 = 9
a4 − 4 = −1
−3a4 − 5 = −14
]
Isolate a4 for 4a4 − 3 = 9:    a4 = 3 Show Steps

Substitute a4 = 3

[ 3 − 4 = −1
−3 · 3 − 5 = −14 ]
Simplify Show Steps

[ −1 = −1
−14 = −14 ]
3a1 + 10
For a3 =  
2

Substitute a1 = −6, a4 = 3

a3 = 3 ( −6 ) + 10
  2

3 ( −6 ) + 10 Show Steps
  = −4
2

a3 = −4

The solutions to the system of equations are:

a1 = −6, a4 = 3, a3 = −4

a1 = −6, a4 = 3, a3 = −4

Plug the solutions to the partial fraction parameters to obtain the final result

2 ( −6 ) 1 + ( −4 )
 s + 1 +  s − 2 +   +  3s
2 2
(s − 2) s +3

Simplify

2 6 1 +  3s − 4
 s + 1 −  s − 2 +  
( s − 2 ) 2 s2 + 3

=L
−1
{ 2 − 6 +
 s + 1  s − 2  
1 + 3s − 4
( s − 2 ) 2  s2 + 3
}
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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

Expand

=L
−1
{ 2
 s + 1 +  
1
(s − 2) 2
+  2
3s
s +3
− 
s
6
− 2
−  2
4
s +3
}
Use the linearity property of Inverse Laplace Transform:
−1 −1 −1
For functions f ( s ) , g ( s ) and constants a, b:    L { a · f ( s ) + b · g ( s ) } = a · L { f ( s ) } + b · L { g ( s ) }

= 2L
−1
{  s +1 1 } − 6L−1 {  s −1 2 } + L−1 {  ( s −12 ) } + 3L−1{  s +s 3 } − 4L−1{  s 1+ 3 }
2 2 2

L
−1
{  s +1 1 }:    e−t Hide Steps

L
−1
{  s +1 1 }
Use Inverse Laplace Transform table:     L
−1
{  s −1 a } = eat
L−1 {  s +1 1 } = e−t
−t
=e

{ }
L−1   1 :    e2t
s−2
Hide Steps

L
−1
{  s −1 2 }
Use Inverse Laplace Transform table:     L
−1
{  s −1 a } = eat
L
−1
{  s −1 2 } = e2t
2t
=e

L−1 {( ) }
 
s−2
1
2
:    e2tt
Hide Steps

L
−1
{( ) }  
1
s−2 2

Apply inverse transform rule:    if L

−1 {
F ( s ) } = f ( t ) then L−1 { F ( s − a ) } = eatf ( t )

For 1 :    a = 2,     F ( s ) =  12

  2
(s − 2 ) s

=e L
2t −1
{}
1
 2
s

{ }
L−1  1 :    t
s
2
Show Steps

2t
=e t

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L
−1
{ }  2
s
s +3
:    cos √ 3 t ( ) Hide Steps

L−1 { }  2
s
s +3

Apply inverse transform rule:    if L

−1
{ F ( s ) } = f ( t ) then L−1 { sF ( s ) } =  d f ( t ) + f ( 0 )
dt

s 1
For  
2
:    F ( s ) =   2
s +3 s +3

=  d L
dt
−1
( { })
 2
1
s +3
+L
−1
{ }( )
 2
1
s +3
0

L−1 { }  2
1
s +3
:     1 sin √ 3 t
  3
√
( ) Show Steps

d
(
1
   √ 3 sin
dt
√3 t ( ) ) = cos ( √ 3 t )
Show Steps

Evaluate 1 sin √ 3
 √ 3
( )
t at point 0 = 0

= cos ( √ 3 t )

L−1   1
2 { } s +3
:       1 sin ( √ 3 t )
√3
Hide Steps

L−1 { }  2
1
s +3

=L
−1
{ 1 ·
 √ 3   2
√3
s + (√ 3 )
2 }
Use the constant multiplication property of Inverse Laplace Transform:
−1 −1
For function f ( t ) and constant a:    L { a · f ( t ) } = a · L { f ( t ) }

1
=  L
√3
−1
{  2
√3
s + (√ 3 )
2 }
Use Inverse Laplace Transform table:     L
−1
{  2
a
s +a
2 } = sin ( at )

L
−1
{  2
√3
s + (√ 3 )
2 } = sin ( √ 3 t )

=   sin ( √ 3 t )
1
√3

− 6e + e t + 3cos ( √ 3 t ) − 4 · 1 sin ( √ 3 t )
−t 2t 2t
= 2e
 √ 3

Show Steps
− 6e + e t + 3cos ( √ 3 t ) − 4   1 sin ( √ 3 t ) :    2e − 6e + e t + 3cos ( √ 3 t ) −   4 sin ( √ 3 t )
−t 2t 2t −t 2t 2t
Refine 2e
√3 √3

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12/13/22, 8:37 PM inverse of laplace (-s^4-14s^3+21s^2+9s+47)/((s+1)(s-2)^2(s^2+3)) - Symbolab

− 6e + e t + 3cos ( √ 3 t ) −   4 sin ( √ 3 t )
−t 2t 2t
= 2e
√3

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