Activity # 3

PHYLUM CNIDARIA

Name CONCEPCION, Anika Cassey Yuson_ Date Performed __July 2, 2021____

Course/Year _120 BIOMED N04A _________ Date Submitted __July 5, 2021 ____
Instructor's Name _Ms. Jane Santiago __ ___

I. Identify and label the parts (use arrows to indicate the parts) of the following
specimens:

Tentacles

Mouth

Gastrovascular cavity

Ectoderm

Foot/Basal disk

Class: __Hydrozoa___________________
Genus: ___Hydra____________________
Common Name: __Hydra______________

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 tentacles

gonangia or gonozooids

perisarc

hydranths or gastrozooids

hydrocaulus

Class: __Hydrozoa___________________
Genus: __Obelia_____________________
Common Name: __sea fur___ __________

Mouth

Subumbrella
surface
Manubrium

Marginal
tentacles

Oral arms
Exumbrella
surface
Oral arms

Class: _Scyphozoa___________________
Genus: __Aurelia________ ____________
Common Name: __Moon jelly/jellyfish____

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 Oral tentacles

Column

Basal or pedal disk

Oral tentacles

Column

Basal or
pedal
disk
Class: __Anthozoa_________________
Genus: ___Metridium_________________
Common Name: __sea anemones_______

Corallite (Calyx)

Class: _Anthozoa ____________________

Genus: ___Acropora__________________
Common Name: __staghorn coral________

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 central mouth

sclerosepta

Class: ____Anthozoa __________________

Genus: _______Fungia_________________
Common Name: _____mushroom coral____

Vertical
tubes

Opening
of polyps

Class: ____Anthozoa ________________

Genus: __Tubipora__________________
Common Name: _organ-pipe coral______

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 coenenchyme

Class: ____Anthozoa__________________
Genus: ___Sarcophyton _______________
Common Name: ____soft corals ________

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 II. Guide Questions

1. Discuss the life cycle of Obelia. What are zooids?

An Obelia begins its life cycle with the polyp colony that is immobile and capable of
asexual reproduction. In this stage, Obelia is confined to substrate surfaces.
Gastrozooids, lone hydranths found in this mature colony, can expand and contract
to give food to the organism to encourage growth. Reproductive polyp gonozooids
that contain medusa buds can also be found here. The next stage of their life cycle
starts when these gonozooids set free the medusae. Free swimming male and
female medusae velum that have gonads, one mouth, and tentacles are released.
Medusae undergo sexual reproduction from the sperm and eggs coming from the
male and female medusa. Once these sex cells unite, a zygote is formed which
then develops into a blastula and planula, a ciliated swimming larva. Planulae
continues in their free-swimming form until it attaches itself to some solid surface
where they start reproducing asexually. The attached planula quickly develops into
a feeding polyp that will eventually grow until it develops other branches of feeding
individuals and a new generation of polyps through asexual budding. There are
three different types of zooids. Gastrozooids, gonozooids, and the medusae buds.
Polyps or gastrozooids are vegetative zooids that are responsible for their nutrition.
Blastostyles or gonozooids are club-shaped zooids that contain the medusae buds.
Blastostyles also allows sexual reproduction. Lastly, the medusae buds are
reproductive buds that contain gonads.

2. Discuss the life cycle of Aurelia.

The life cycle of Aurelia typically begins with a benthic polyp that produces free-
swimming ephyrae through asexual reproduction. This develops into medusae,
capable of long distance dispersal, that eventually produce sperms and eggs the
forms a planula larvae through fertilization. These planula larvae develops into
polyps that are able to undergo asexual reproduction. Polyps have this potential to
produce novel structures and free-swimming propagules that help conquer
unfavorable environments.

3. How are coral reefs formed? What are hermatypic corals?

Coral reefs are formed through the secretion of calcium carbonate by coral polyps
underneath their bodies. Hard, reef-building corals create skeletons from calcium
carbonate/limestone, a hard substance that eventually develops into rock. Hard or
reef-building corals are hermatypic corals. Meaning, they secrete calcium
carbonate and require zooxanthellae, tiny algae, to survive. Soft corals or a
hermatypic corals are not capable of building reefs. They do not have hard and
stony skeletons, but rather soft and flexible. They sometimes look like plants or
trees.

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 References:

Alcyoniidae – Sarchophyton elegans. Retrieved from https://poppe-

images.com/?t=17&photoid=933366

Semenov, A. Metridium senile. Retrieved from

https://www.flickr.com/photos/a_semenov/6437810915

Moon Jelly (Aurelia aureita). Retrieved from

https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/197986.php?from=426543

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